Kirkuk Journal of Science

Coriander sativum (Linn) is an important medicinal plant belonging to the family of
Apiaceae. It is a well-recognized plant in the traditional medicine and used by people in
treatment of gastrointestinal problems and rheumatism. In the present investigation, after
phytochemical screening of the seeds of coriander results revealed the presence of four fatty
acid compounds (Lauric, Palmatic, Stearic and Linoleic acids) in the Pet-ether extract, while
two fatty acids (Palmatic and Stearic acids) were found in the Chloroform extract. Phenolic
compounds and their fractions Quercetin and Benzoic extract were also identified in the
Ethyl acetate.
Also, Quercetin was identified in the extracts of (F2) and (F3), Moreover, IMS extract
was contained of high concentration of Gallic acid while Quercetin were identified the
fractions (F4, F5 and F6) of IMS extract. Other phenolic compounds were presented as low
concentrations in other extracts.

In this paper Cadmium oxide (CdO) thin films has attracted interest due to its potential
applications in optoelectronics devices. thin films were grown on glass substrates by the
pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique at room temperature and different annealing
temperatures Ta=(573,673 and 773) K. The structural studies (XRD) measurements for CdO
thin film is polycrystalline with cubic structure and it is evident that the film is highly oriented
in the (111) direction. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to examine CdO surfaces,
After annealing the films become more homogeneity and notice to increment the root mean
square, surface roughness and average grain size. The optical properties of CdO thin films are
studied as a function to wavelength in region (375 - 1100) nm. The optical transmittance of
the prepared CdO films notice that the transmittance pattern of all deposited thin films
increases with increasing the annealing temperature (Ta). The direct energy gap for CdO films
was decreases with increasing of annealing temperature for all samples due to the growth of
the crystallites .The optical constants such as refractive index, extinction coefficient and
dielectric constant were also calculated.

This study searched in the inhibiting potency of different concentrations (12.5, 25, 50 and
100 µg/mL) of both aqueous and methanol extracts of marigold plant flower Calendula
officinalis against the promastigote of Leismania major, L. donovani and L. mexicana. Both
flower extracts approved inhibiting potency against the growth of promastigotes of
Leishmania major with rates 51% and 62%, respectively but showed only a slight effect on L.
donovani and L. mexicana. It is concluded that the aqueous and methanolic marigold extracts
have selective inhibiting potency of Leishmania major.

To evaluate the serum concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL-1, IL-6,
IL-8, IL-18), tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), and antiinflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10) regulatory in patients with AMI, and to assess
the correlation between anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines in AMI.
Thirty patients (13 women and 17 men) with (AMI) enrolled in this study and 30 as control
group (10 women and 20 men). There aged varied between 40-60 years old. In this study were
measured serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL-6, IL-1, IL-18, and IL8), TNF-α, and anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10) in both patient and in
control groups by using ELISA technique.
Serum levels of interleukine-6, IL-1α, IL-8, and IL-18, CRP, and TNF-α were significantly
higher whereas serum IL-10 L level in AMI patients in compares with control group.
This study shows a significantly increase in IL-1, IL-18,IL-6,andIL-18 and decrease in IL10 in the circulation of AMI.

Uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and Modulus of Elasticity or Young’s Modulus (E)
used in most of engineering projects in rock mechanics, are the most important mechanical
parameters of rocks. The calculation of these parameters needs most cost, time and effort.
There are indirect methods to estimate the (UCS) and (E) such as Schmidt Hammer, also
known as a rebound number (RL), this indirect method is easily and quickly applicable in
laboratory and in field and it is considered as a non-destructive method for evaluation of
surface hardness. The aim of this paper is to establish a correlation between UCS, E and
Schmidt Hammer rebound value and it has been carried out on forty-nine specimens of
different sedimentary rock types that belong to three different formations in Kurdistan
Region, Iraq (Pila Spi Formation, Fatha Formation “Lower Fars Formation” and Tanjero
Formation) with ages (Middle-Late Eocene, Middle Miocene and Campaman-Maastrichtian)
respectively. The samples were prepared as cuboids of size 5x5x10 cm. A new correlation
with high accuracy level for prediction of (UCS) and (E) from Schmidt hammer of some
sedimentary rocks is proposed for the first time in Kurdistan Region-Iraq.

In this work, we discuss the optical behavior of transparent materials used in Sulaimani for
windows and in building facades such as fully transparent colorless and colored glass of
different thickness in single and double- pane windows, a one way colored reflective glass
window, as well as Tempered reflective glass. Ultraviolet, Visible and Infrared transmittance
by these glasses is studied; the results are related to the visual comfort, heat transfer and
health issues. Spectrophotometric analysis of the transmitted radiation is carried out at the
proper incident of a wavelength range from 1200 nm to 190 nm, with steps of 1 nm. It is clear
that attention should be paid to the quality of glass used for home and building facades to
reduce visual strain, discomfort and avoid the risk of developing sun damages for our skin and
its adversely affect for fabrics and furnishings.

In the present work, the hydroxyl groups of "HPMC, HPC and HEC" polymers bonds with
bioactive material "naproxen drug" by esterification process. (direct esterification and indirect
esterification). The modified s polymers are characterized by some spectroscopic methods
such as FTIR, UV, H1
. NMR and C13
. NMR. The degree of substitution (D.S) of the hydroxyl
groups in suger molecule in polymer was determined in all cases.
The hydrolysis of modified polymers is carried out in the heterogeneous phase in a buffer
solution of pH (2.0, 7.4 and 9.0) at various temperatures (25, 37, and 45 Co
). The amounts of
released naproxen drugs were quantitatively determined by using calibration curve method.
Biodegradation (in vitro degradation) of modification polymers is carried out by
enzymatic cleavage (using lipase enzyme) at pH 7.4 (the human blood pH) and 37Co
. The
amounts of released naproxen were quantitatively determined by U.V visible
spectrophotometry by using the usual calibration curve method. In general, it was found that
the release in presence of enzyme was faster than in hydrolysis process

The aim of this study is characterize and determine the weighing ratio of chemical
components in the oil residues in the Kirkuk oil wells by separating each component alone
then studying them spectrally to know the types of oils in this area and getting chemical
information for other studies . This study has been completed according to the separating way
of the chromatographic column by using organic solvents like n- Hexane, Toluene and which
separate resin, Aromatics and Paraffin compounds. The isolation of the inorganic materials
happens by using (CCl4) and distillation the isolated parts and studying them spectrally by X
ray and determine the active groups.

The main idea of image encryption is to ensure secure transmitting it in the open network
by transforming the image to not understandable form so that unauthorized person cannot
decrypt and see it. This paper introduces a hybrid image encryption method based on the
details of the Mandelbrot set fractals and the private XOR operation. Due to the random
nature of fractal images, they can be used as a strong key for encryption. The strength of the
key caused by using three random parameters as a secret keys (two of them are the zooming
position values x & y, and the third is number of zooming times form that position) used to
create the fractal-based key image, and they can generate large number of random fractal
images. To make the secret image more secure, the original image is encrypted by applying
XOR bit operation on each adjacent pixels of the image. At last the resulted image is
combined with the previously obtained fractal-based key image using a predefined private
XOR table in a complex order. To evaluate the performance of the system, the correlation
coefficients, visual test using histogram analysis and different secret keys were used. All
tested results proved that the proposed method is promising and effective to be used in image
encryption fields.

The study aimed at evaluating the frequency of HPV in breast cancer women in relation
with serum IL-8 level. The study that carried out in Kirkuk city from 15th of January 2017
to 15th of June 2017, a total of 150 breast cancer women who admitted to Kirkuk oncology
cancer and 96 healthy control women whose ages were between 30-75 years. Patients and
control were investigated for detection of human papilloma virus (HPV) 16 E7 protein and
interleukin-8 (IL-8) by ELISA technique.
The rate of breast cancer women with HPV 16 E7 (30.67%) was higher than that in control
women (3.125%) with highly significant relation. The highest rate of breast cancer women
was within the age group 40-49 years with no significant relation between breast cancer and
age. The study showed that the highest means of IL-8 level (36.92 pg/ml) were found in
breast cancer women without HPV, 29.09 pg/ml in HPV positive and 6.45 pg/ml in the
control group with highly significant relation. There was a highly significant relation of
WBCs, lymphocytes and neutrophils count and Hb level among the study groups concerning
HPV. WBCs count and hemoglobin level were higher in the control group than in breast
cancer women. The mean absolute lymphocytes count was higher in breast cancer women
with HPV infection than those without HPV and the control group (4.13, 1.80 and 1.89
respectively), while the least mean of neutrophils count was reported in breast cancer
women with HPV infection. Conclusions: It was concluded that there was a highly
significant relation between HPV and EBV infection with breast cancer

The reuse of existing Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) setup for indoor localization using Wi-Fi
Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) is nowadays an active research domain. Over the
period these Wi-Fi setups show degradation in performance owing to signal attenuation
caused by multipath, along with environmental changes adversely affecting the functional
efficiency. To optimize the indoor localization precision in the presence of the issues as
mentioned earlier, I propose Spearman's Rank based Correlation Coefficient approach which
finds the minimum distances and provides these distances to the original K-Nearest-Neighbor
(k-NN) classifier which uses Euclidean distance. After the complete indoor Wi-Fi
environment is simulated in Matrix Laboratory (Mat-lab) tool, the results so obtained are
promising and on the higher side as compare to the original k-NN classifier performance. In
case of distribution of cumulative errors the proposed method achieved low amount of
localized errors of 2.7m for 80% tested samples. And as for shadow fading increase in value
of ???? improves the effect of the proposed method significantly.

Chemotherapy drugs are wide range of therapeutic medication used in the managing of
cancer diseases. Nursing staff prepare and administer chemotherapeutic drugs therefore they
need more knowledge and competency in order to decrease adverse effect of the drugs to the
cancer patients. Aim of the study: to assess nurses knowledge regarding safe chemotherapy
administration at oncology center in Kirkuk city. A descriptive study was carried out from the
period between 1st of February 2017 up to 1st of September 2017. A non-probability
(purposive) sampling was used to select the sample. The study includes (40) nurses who
works at the oncology center in Kirkuk city. For the purpose of the study a constructed
questionnaire was designed. The data was collected through the utilization of selfadministration technique. The data collection process was collected from the period of 1st of
March 2017 up to the 1st April 2017. The data was analyzed through the application SPSS
program version (20).
The results revealed that the most study sample were between age group 18-23 year (40%),
(65 %) were female, (62.5%) were nursing school graduate, (65%)of them were between (1-6)
Years of experience, and (60%) were without Training Session.
The study concluded that nurses' knowledge regarding to safe chemotherapy
administration was inadequate, and also inadequate regarding general information to
chemotherapy drugs. Chemotherapy safety administration standards should be applied for
nurses that working in oncology center.

The performance of a vertical double pipe heat exchanger was analyzed experimentally
under effect of bubble generation by air injection through an air diffuser has many hundreds
of very small holes placed at the bottom of the vertical heat exchanger around the (inner) hot
tube. The air is supplied by using a small compressor with an air flow meter, and a small
boiler with a temperature controller which used for heating the hot fluid, the inlet and outlet
temperatures are measured by using digital thermocouples, the tests are performed for parallel
and counter flow configurations with different flow rates of cold fluid and air injection. The
results show that the exergy loss was affected significantly by bubble generation with positive
effects on (Heat Transfer Rate, Effectiveness, Number of Transfer Units and Overall Heat
Transfer Coefficient).

In this study, Ni0.7 Zn0.3 Fe2O4 was prepared by chemical deposition at temperatures of
700°C, 800°C, 900°C, 1000°C, 1100°C and 1200°C respectively, The various applications on
the spectral and structural analysis of Ni0.7 Zn0.3 Fe2O4 compounds, as observed by X-ray
diffraction technique, show that all samples with spherical structure and interstitial intervals
have the same Miller coefficients (2.958, 2.517, 2.422, 2.093, 1.717, 1.613, 1.481 and 1.279)
nm. Spectral impedance is a tool for understanding the various contributions to electrical
properties of semiconductors. Through complex, intricate and complex permutations, the
contributions of grains and boundary grains were understood in the electrical characteristics
of the samples. The spectral analysis of the impedance as a frequency function (1 kHz-5
MHz) was done for Ni0.7 Zn0.3 Fe2O4 samples. it showed the imaginary part of the reluctance
as a function of the complex impedance that shows Debye type of relation time. Cole-Cole
plots (relation between real and imaginary parts for impedance complex) showed a nonDebye type of relaxation time of insulation.

Ozone is a strong oxidizing a gen, with a standard electrode potential of 2.07V.Oxidize
materials, equipment a, surfaces wanted to clean. Ozone unfortunately, reacts with those
materials and others leading to corrosion in those materials moreover those materials could
lose their effectiveness. Because of multiple uses of Ozone, its effect on corrosion of
Aluminum, Medium Carbon Steel, Copper & Brass in three different flow rates by weight
losses method with benefits from linear fitting process was studied. The experimental shows
that corrosion rates of Aluminum & Brass in three flow rates, decreasing with increasing the
exposure time to corrosion, meanwhile the corrosion rates for Medium Carbon Steel &
Copper decreasing only for (0.25 ft3
/hr) and for another two flow rates (0.5 & 0.75 ft3
/hr) the
corrosion rates increasing with increasing the exposure time to corrosion, because of ozone
gas flow rate positive& negative effected by forming oxide and hydroxide film which damage
or not by increasing the corrosion intervals and ozone flow rates increasing. The average of
total corrosion rates for the materials used in previous work increasing with increase the flow
rate of Ozone in distilled water and the maximum value was (8.71×10-17MPY), meanwhile the
minimum values was (4.08 ×10-17MPY).

This study includes synthesis 2-amino benzothiazole and its substitutes (M1-M14) by the
reaction of aniline derivatives with KSCN in presence of Br2 and glacial acetic acid then
neutralize by concentrated ammonia solution or (by 50% NaOH). The prepared compounds
(M3-M5-M6-M11) were used for preparation diazonium salts through reaction with NaNO2
and HCl, at that point diazonium salts were utilized specifically interaction with 4-amino
antipyrine and 4-amino-3-hydroxy-1-naphthalene sulphonic acid (in alkaline medium) to
produce azo dyes (M15-M22).
These compounds were characterized by their physical properties, spectroscopic
information (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and CHNS elemental analysis), and also to
systematically defining of a few active functional groups for these prepared compounds. The
biological activity evaluated for four of prepared compounds towards four kinds of bacteria

Gastro-intestinal parasites (GIPs) of stray dogs and cats play an epidemiological critical
role, and also play a major role in transmitting through contamination of soil, food and/or
drinking water with GIPs faecals. The objective of this study was to screening the prevalence
of gastrointestinal parasites in stray dogs and cats in Kirkuk province, Iraq.
Fresh faecal specimens (n=125) of stray dogs and cats were collected during 15th February
2015 till 15th February 2016 from different regions of Kirkuk province. The experimental
processing were carried out within 24 h.s using flotation techniques, and stained using Ziehl–
Neelsen, trichrome and iodine staining technique protocols.
The overall significant prevalence of GIPs among stray dogs (n=77) was 84.42%, these
were Toxocara canis (25.98%), Diphylobotherium latum (23.38%), Isospora spp. (20.78%),
Dipylidium caninum (16.88%), Taenia hydatigera (14.29%), Echinicoccus spp. (6.49%),
Mesocestoides spp. (6.49%), Cryptosporidium spp. (6.49%), Ancylostoma caninum (2.59%)
and Stongyloides sp. (1.3%). Of 48 stray cats faecal specimens subjected to the present study,
77.08% were positive for GIPs significantly, including Toxocara cati (39.58%), Ancylostoma
tubaeforme (22.92%), Taenia taeniaeformis (14.58%), Toxascaris leonina (6.25%),
Diphylobotherium latum (6.25%), Cryptosporidium spp. (27.08%), Isospora spp. (10.41%)
and Toxoplasma gondii (8.33%(.Among infected stray dogs Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum are the commonest
GIPs in the present study. While, Toxocara cati and Ancylostoma tubaeforme are the most
prevalence among stray cats in Kirkuk province.
Among infected stray dogs Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum are the commonest
GIPs
in the present study. While, Toxocara cati and Ancylostoma tubaeforme are the most
prevalence among stray cats in Kirkuk province.

Beta thalassemia major is one of the common diseases in the world; it is one of health
problems among children in Iraq. The disease leads to hemolytic anemia due to reduction of
beta globin chains. Zinc and copper are important trace elements for synthesis of
metalloproteins of hemoglobin enzymes. As zinc and copper are essential trace for synthesis
of DNA; it is important to show their effect on severity of the disease among thalassemic
patients.
This study was performed during the period from November 2014 to June 2015. A total of
100 β-thalassemia major patients were enrolled in the current study; and patients were from
the Thalassemia center in Azadi Teaching Hospital and 30 healthy children were taken as a
control group. The blood samples were collected from 46 males and 54 females of different
ages, ranging from (1-18) years. The level of serum zinc and copper were measured using
spectrophotometer method. Comparison between thalassemic patients with control group; the
results shown that there was high significant increased (p>0.01) in serum level of copper
(148.69±28.90) while in serum level of zinc was decreased in thalassemic patients
(60.52±10.63). Statistically there was no significant difference between different age groups
and gender. The copper and zinc values decreased in splenctomized patients in comparison
with non-splenctomized patients. The present study concluded that the level of serum copper
increased while the level of serum zinc decreased in β-thalassemia major patients, this is also
confirmed by other studies.

Standard and specifications of Linear Alkyl Benzene (LAB) compound are essential in the
production of most good quality detergents. Pure LAB was obtained by purification of
industrial LAB samples, followed by controlling/overcoming the problem of conversion of
paraffinic materials to undesirable olefins. Concentrated sulfuric acid was used to remove the
olefinic contaminants from the industrial LAB samples. The results were obtained using
potentiometric method and color changes in Lovibond photometer. Evidently, significant
improvement of the specifications was observed and thus, improved final products are
industrially obtained. The new and modified reaction procedure has resulted in a superior
quality LAB-based detergent product, compared to that obtained using LAB under the normal
operating conditions

In this study, we explain that when we applied Newton’s method on
( )
( ) ( )
Q z
F z  P z e
, the
basins of roots have finite area when
n  3
, where
P(z)  z
and
n Q(z)  z
. Using MATLAB
we obtained nice fractals in order to prove the finite basins area when
n  3
. The basins for
each root in Julia set is finite area of
n  3
. If
n
is even means the attracting petals of the fixed
points zero and infinity are symmetric about x and y axes.

The objective of the present research is to facilitate the administrative procedures
associated with student registration process, and to ensure equal opportunities for all
applicants in college. It aims to assist students in identifying appropriate alternatives available
to the departments electronically anytime and anywhere saving time and effort for the student.
For this purpose, an intelligent e-government system named "An Electronic Intelligent
Registration with Department Selection" (E-IRDS) is designed as one of the intelligent eservices in Iraqi e-governance by using many tools and programming languages which are
(PHP, MYSQL, HTML, CSS, XML, NOTPAD++, C#). Artificial neural networks (ANNs)
technology is applied, notably Kohonen's self-organizing map (SOM) as one of the important
unsupervised classification algorithms of machine learning for classifying and distributing the
students automatically into the college academic departments based on their desires, their
total degrees, and according to scientific plan for each department, in addition to the specific
and personal student information. The applied results based on international standards
demonstrated the accuracy of Kohonen's SOM algorithm in classification and distribution
methods at least time and possible learning ratio. The system test and assessment results
confirmed that it is characterized with a very high security and reliability and accuracy. It is
also distinguished with very high efficiency and transparency as well as flexibility and high
performance speed. The results also emphasized the ease and availability of the system to all
students, besides the possibility of troubleshot and correct errors easily

Blastocystis hominis is a parasites that causes problems in human’s digestive tract.
Helicobacter pylori is a dangerous bacteria that causes gastric ulcer and may even lead to
cancer. To assess the synergistic association of B hominis and H pylori with irritable bowel
syndrome among patients attending hospitals of Kirkuk. A total of 344 stool samples were
examined by direct examination for B hominis and detection of H pylori antigen during the
period from 1st September 2016 to 1st May 2017.
The rate of infection with B. hominis was 38.66%, H. pylori 35.47%, while mixed
infections were 67.2%. Infection with Blastocystis and Helicobacter were higher in females
than males. Regarding IBS patients about 51.95% and 47.7% were infected with Blastocystis
and Helicobacter, respectively. The main clinical symptoms associated with Blastocystis and
Helicobacter were flatulence, abdominal pain and nausea. PCR amplified small-subunit rDNA
was used to study the genetic diversity of Blastocystis isolates by 3 different restriction
enzymes (HinfI, RsaI & Sau3AI). Three distinct genotypes out of 20 Blastocystis isolates
were identified (subtypes 1, 3 and 7). The nucleotide sequencing showed that mutation
occurred in subtype 3, in the region of TC in the position of T601C and of T661C and
converse from ATA to ATC with reverse and forward primer.The rate of mixed infections were greater than each infection alone. B. hominis and H.
pylori was predominant in females than males. Three distinct genotypes were isolated
(subtype 1, 3 and 7).