Kufa Journal for Agricultural Sciences

This study was conducted to examine the effect of adding different concentrations of nano silver nitrate (0, 5, 10 and 15 mg L-1) and zinc source {traditional(0.86mg L-1 as ZnSO4.7H2O) and nano zinc 0.086mg L-1 as Zinc oxide) to the specifies medium of rooting strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch) cv. Rubygem, in addition to testing the efficiency of nano silver nitrate and zinc source on successful percentage of cultures adapting stage. Results revealed that highest rooting percentage, root numbers, roots length, leaves content of total chlorophyll and macro nutrients (N, P and K) were achieved the highest average at 10mg L-1 + nano zinc treatment. The source of cultures resulting from rooting stage affected the plant survival at acclimatization stage. The treatment 10 and 15mg L-1 of nano silver nitrate + nano zinc achieved 100% success percentage.

This study was conducted in the plastic house - Nursery of the Duhok University - Duhok governorate-Kurdistan region-Iraq from the period 10th Apr. 2021 to 10th Jan. 2022. This study aimed to investigate the effect of supplemental light (light and without light), pinching (pinching and without pinching) and number of plants per pot (2, 3, and 4) plants/pot on the growth and flowering of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) plant. The results showed that supplemental light for one month delayed the flower bud emergence (223.08) days, and flower anthesis (241.58) days compared with the control (without supplemental light) that gave (198.83, 218.44) days for the two characteristics respectively. Further, supplemental light gave the best results for flower length, flower diameter, flower number, and vase life compared to (without supplemental light). Pinching delayed the flower bud emergence and decreased the plant high, growth index, flower diameter, and vase life of cut flower significantly while it significantly increased the flower diameter and vasa life. Increasing the number of plants per pot to 4 plants caused a significant increment in flower number (8.25) compared with 2 plants which gave 5.64 plants/pot. The triple interaction showed significant differences in all characteristics and number of days to flower bud emergence and flower anthesis were the highest mean for the supplemental light with or without the pinch and 2 plants/pot. Also, the best plant height (72.33) cm and growth index (26761) cm3 were recorded without supplemental light, without pinch with 2 plants/pot. However, the maximum vase life of 26.33 days was found from the interaction of supplemental light, pinch, and 2 plants/pot.

This research was conducted to study the effect of some nutrients on the growth and production of vitamin B12 by Lactobacillus genus L.rhamnosus, when their ability to produce vitamin B12 was tested under different conditions. The results indicate that a pH of 7 is optimal for vitamin B12 production by the bacteria L.rhamnosus and it was found that the optimum incubation temperature for the production of vitamin B12 ranged between 30 - 35 °C, with regard to the effect of the incubation period on the biological activity and productivity of vitamin B12. The results showed that 3 days was the best in the production of vitamin B12. The results also showed that adding the lowest concentration of cobalt chloride gave a high productivity of the vitamin compared to the highest added concentrations and that the best carbon source was sucrose among the three carbon sources that included glucose, fructose, and sucrose, and the results of the study showed that the best nitrogen source It is was peptone compared to yeast extract, which gave the highest production of the vitamin B12.

This study was carried out during 2021 growing season at the private rain-fed irrigated system vineyard on two cultivars of grapevine (Rashmiree and White Sadany) and chosen vines were 20 years old, and trained by head system a field experiment was located Shar-Bazher at Wazha village, Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, to investigate the impact of three different pollinators (Taify, Doshawy, and Trerash) as pollinators (pollen donors) and the control (self-pollination) vines provided no yield on some vegetative growth, yield and chemical characteristics of two grape cultivars. The effect of cultivars, Rashmiree obtained significant influence in (bunch weight, width, weight of 100 berries, and volume of 100 berries) characters, but Sadany gave only in maximum bunch width, in other properties there were nonsignificant differences between cultivars. The Bunch weight, Bunch length, bunch width, and the number of berries per bunch were high significant when Rashmiree cultivar pollinate with Trerash pollinator. While the T.S.S%, Total sugar, lowest in TA% and seeds per berry were high significant when Sadany cultivar pollinate with Trerash pollinator. Rashmiree cultivar gave high significant in TA%, and minimum in T.S.S%, total sugar, and number of seeds per berry when pollinated with Taify pollinator.

This study was carried out on 15 years old trees of two Syrian olives (Olea europaea L.) cultivars Sorani and Khadrawi during 2020-2021 growing season at research orchard, of Horticulture department / College of Agricultural Engineering sciences, University of Sulaimani, Iraqi Kurdistan region. Humic and salicylic acids foliar application with three levels (0, 2000 and 4000 ppm) and (0, 750 and 1500 ppm) were applied respectively (before and after full bloom as well as at fruit set). The parameters annual shoot length, fruit set percentage, fruit weight, fruit volume, oil content in fruit and leaf (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) content were studied, and the results showed that cultivar had significant effects on all studied parameters except (fruit weight and fruit volume). Maximum concentration of humic acid (4000ppm) recorded maximum values in all parameters compared to the other concentrations, and also had significant effects on all parameters. Except (fruit volume) all parameters be affected significantly by salicylic acid application.

This study was conducted during the 2020-2021 growing season at the orchard of Horticulture Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Bakrajo, Iraqi Kurdistan Region, in order to investigate the effects of artificial pollination, boron application, and cultivar on some fruit quality and quantity of olive. Six selected pollinizers (Arbequina, Ashrasi, Hojiblanca, K18, Kaissy, and Picual) in addition to self and open-pollination, two boron levels (0 and 200 mg.L-1) as well as two main cultivars (Sorani and Khodeiri) were used. Results showed that cultivars are relatively self-incompatible while cultivar, pollinizer, and boron recorded significant differences with regard to some studied parameters. Sorani Cultivar gave the highest percentage of final fruit set (1.96%), self-incompatibility index (0.59), fruit weight (2.64 g), fruit size (2.51 cm3), content percentage of oil (38.81%), content of soluble sugar (185.74 μg/g DW), the lowest fruit dropping (13.56%), and the lowest oil acidity (0.46%). Besides, the highest content of boron (6.62 mg.L-1) were obtained from Khodeiri cultivar. Boron sprayed with 200 mg.L-1 achieved the highest values of all studied parameters. Moreover, Arbequina, Ashrasi, and Picual pollinizers gave the best results. The interactions of the two factors revealed that Sorani and 200 mg.L-1 boron, every cultivar with Arbequina, Ashrasi, Picual and Hojiblanca pollinizers, and 200 mg.L-1 boron with Arbequina, Ashrasi, Picual and Hojiblanca pollinizers gave the best results. Additionally, total interaction of all the factors indicated that the combination of the either cultivar, 200 mg.L-1 boron and Arbequina, Ashrasi, Picual and Hojiblanca pollinizers, demonstrated the best significant results.