Tikrit Journal for Political Science

The Iran-(Israel) conflict has had a great impact on the regional environment in the Middle East. This conflict has been going on for decades and has been characterized by mistrust and permanent hostility. The Iran-(Israel) conflict has led to a growing sense of insecurity in the region, as the two sides have engaged in proxy wars and cyberattacks. And other forms of aggression, which constituted in this conflict hypotheses or points of vulnerability and weakness in the regional environment, as other countries in the region drifted into the conflict and got involved in crises as a result of this conflict. In the end, it became highly influential and highly reflective of what the strategic reading of the conflict’s dialectics aspires to.

The research deals with the impact of modern media on the political activities of users. From here the problem of the study emerges which mainly relies on the following question: What are the limits of the role of these electronic news websites in reinforcing political contribution for university students? Many other relating wonders come from this main question in order to describe by using survey methodology، being a descriptive study، analyze، and interpret the kind of the role the websites play in forming the audiences' attitudes regarding political contributions. The theory of dependence on social media in evaluating the role is adopted. 200 data is determined to the research from the university of Anbar students distributed equally between humanitarian and scientific specialty. Period of time is determined from 1\9\2022 to 15\12\2022 .

Environmental security has become one of the main pillars of international security, and environment and climate issues have become at the forefront of issues that are addressed and focused on in various international discussions, due to the importance of these issues and their vitality for man. During the past three decades, environmental problems have become defining many global trends in In light of the environmental problems that have exacerbated as a result of the self-interests of states and the desire to expand the economy as well as contemporary consumer behavior, environmental security has strengthened ways to confront environmental challenges and problems exacerbated by these problems, as countries have come to see that environmental threats and climate change can lead to catastrophic results. On the security of states, therefore, it has become keen to address environmental problems collectively and activate collective diplomatic action, because states are no longer able to unilaterally confront environmental changes, and this is due to the increase in environmental problems and their significant development. Environmental security has become obligatory for states to modify their behaviour in a manner consistent with the necessary and required treatments in order to confront environmental risks. At the same time, many countries and countries have sought international organizations to focus on issues that are at the core of important positions such as environmental securitization and environmental terrorism resulting from abnormal behaviours of environmental defenders who have created wrong practices in defending the environment, which constitutes an opposite proposition in environmental security.

Parliamentary systems are the most prevalent form of government worldwide today, such as in Britain, Germany, Italy, Spain, Japan, India, and others. However, there are countries that adopt political systems different from those mentioned, such as the presidential system in the United States of America and the assembly system in Switzerland. Nevertheless, most parliamentary systems have their origins in the British parliamentary experience, which was used as a model in establishing their powers and managing public affairs.

The reality of the parliamentary experience in Iraq is one of the parliamentary experiences in the countries of the Global South that reflects a societal reality different from parliamentary experiences in emerging parliamentary democracies, as it is a young experience after 2003. It was established and developed in a historical context, political instability, and insecurity that Iraq witnessed after 2003, under the authority of the American occupation. The clear shortcomings in this parliamentary experience are attributed to historical circumstances, the pressures of the American occupation, and the newness of the experience.
Therefore, it was necessary for us to examine the reality of the Iraqi parliamentary experience after 2003, in terms of its characteristics, legislation, oversight, and its challenges, as well as evaluating the work of governments, and looking at the future prospects of the experience.

With the increase in injustice، oppression and tyranny، the absence of justice، the multiplicity of crises، political corruption، poor conditions in justice، and the presentation of a fair distribution of wealth in the Arab countries، the wealth of Egypt has become the change. And I witnessed in the agreement the absence of freedoms and rights to the formation of protest movements that possessed sufficient awareness to obtain the demands of the revolution and the census of the masses، so the movements had a great role in the January revolution and the demand for the recovery of the stolen rights. The regime of Muhammad Hosni Mubarak.

India and Pakistan are one of those countries that sought to possess nuclear weapons in order to be a deterrent factor and achieve the desired balance required from their hearts. Pakistan and neighboring rival India detonated nuclear explosions just days apart in May 1998. Since then, the two South Asian countries have been developing the fastest growing stockpiles of nuclear warheads and missile launch systems. Retired Indian Navy Admiral Arun Prakash noted, “India and Pakistan are perilously close to the point of ever-growing nuclear arsenals. This could turn into an unreasonable race driven by mutual suspicion rather than the actual needs of deterrence and maintenance of stability.” .

Notably, in recent years, the two countries have already tested a wide range of ballistic missiles capable of carrying nuclear warheads, including tactical systems. At the same time, India adopts a policy (not to pre-empt the use of nuclear weapons) at a time when Pakistan was more showcasing its nuclear power. Therefore, we will study in this research the impact of the Indian-Pakistani nuclear armament on the security of South Asia

China has sought to find cohesion with Iran despite the presence of the factor of influence in the international environment, which is the United States of America, through the availability of common issues, especially after 2017, that is, after Donald Trump came to power and the realization by both countries of the escalating danger of the United States of America towards its interests Focused on political, economic and security relations in order to achieve cooperation and partnership, and secondly to reduce the American influence on the factor of relations between the two countries

The global system has undergone important milestones that represented turning points in its course, represented by the end of the Cold War and the transformation of the system into unipolarity through the coronation of the United States of America as the only superpower in the world, then the events of September 11, 2001, which were a turning point and deviation for the system and an escalation in its military path after the outbreak of Global terrorism and its transformation into a major threat to the system, and finally the outbreak of the Corona virus and its transformation into a global pandemic, which has become one of the events that cause several transformations in the global system similar to major crises.

Therefore, the new world order is going through a phase of change and transition, as the Corona pandemic has sparked several shifts in the global system in the interactions of politics, economy and security, perhaps the most prominent of which is related to reformulating the roles of the national state, as we live today in a state of transformations in the global system due to the difficult pandemic. Read the transformation data that you will impose on the system.

Illegal immigration it is one of the challenges facing many countries Especially the countries of the European Union Which is one of the most countries reception of illegal immigrants, And it is caused by many reasons to Some of them are economic related to low level the living, Some of them are political Related to the tyranny and domination of some regimes, Some are security related to insecurity such as conflicts and wars, Some of them are related to drought and floods, Some are as healthy as a pandemic , illegal immigration leaves its effects on the countries receiving immigration, Including economic effects security and social and health. And to face the effects and repercussions of illegal immigration, the European Union has resorted to many policies to limit or stop it.

This research attempts to study the Sino-Japanese relations, which have undergone a varying degree of changes and developments, as we find between them a state of repeated violent tensions due to the Japanese war on China in 1894 and the war that accompanied World War II after 1937, which still overshadows the relations between the two countries, as we find Distinction in the relations between the two countries, which is one of the most important relations in the international and regional system, which made the region a center of global polarization, which led to an impact on relations with the countries of the region, we find points of difference and cooperation in the relations between them, the differences included the Japanese occupation of China, the demarcation of maritime borders, the dispute over an issue Taiwan and the main dispute revolves around the issue of islands in the East China Sea (Senkaku /Diaoyu), As for cooperation between the two countries, both countries possess major economic resources, the second and third largest economies in the world, and the need for economic and trade cooperation and mutual bilateral investments between the two countries left differences sideways in order to develop Mechanism of international and regional economic integration in the Asia-Pacific region

The aim of this research is to shed light on the foreign policy of the United States of America during the administration of Barack Obama (2009 - 2017) and Donald Trump (2017 - 2021), towards the United Nations, and to identify the differences and similarities between the two administrations towards the international organization. The shift of US foreign policy toward the United Nations between the Obama and Trump administrations had repercussions on the international organization and global crises. The research also relied methodically on the comparative analytical method, and structurally included four sections, and a conclusion.

The research tagged (sources of socialization and its role in political reform (digital media as a model) summarizes the great importance of the sources of socialization in developing human capabilities in interaction and moral and spiritual integration in promoting political reform in the Arab region, especially after the so-called Arab Spring revolutions that erupted in Tunisia and from Then in Egypt and Libya and what resulted from the nature of the interactive relationship between digital media on the one hand and societal development on the other hand, on the grounds that digital media represents a set of digital methods and activities that contributed to the revitalization of thinking for the collective mind in general, from here the research tried to embody the reality of these sources and all Its tools of upbringing, in order to be an effective element in political reform through digital media technologies and its various forms.

Adopting public policies on what society lacks and what it suffers from problems and crises that require solutions and this falls within the limits of the system and the nature of its work, where the development of the draft policies needs to formulate administrative rules and systems based on appropriate principles of application, as well as the establishment of regulations that help to overcome obstacles after the diagnosis and identification of problems are The most important component of the policy-making cycle, if the definition of the problem is weak it leads to a policy-making process incomplete and leads to weak conclusions and then to the process of discussing options, where the policy drafter also performs a policy analysis for each option and identifies the best policies, this process is complicated, this process is complex Each of which has its different contribution, it determines the basic lines of action and is characterized by its orientation towards the future and its pursuit of the public good, by the best possible means and by using methods commensurate with the problem to be solved.