Kirkuk Journal of Science

The analysis of trace element by x -ray fluorescence spectrometry always required appropriate
correction for matrix differences of the geological material . To reduce such effect , mass
absorption coefficient were calculated for both known (standards) and unknown samples.
Such calculation required analytical data of major element concentration (wt. %) . To make
these data available, is in fact time consuming job. Many theoretical and experimental corrections were attempted in order to save this additional analytical work . The uses of
incoherent scatter intensity dominate the relevant literature , because it is free of systematic
errors affecting the measurements of incoherent scatter intensity. Non of the published attempt
claimed routine uses of the suggested method of correction.
The present study deals with estimation of mass absorption coefficients of ten international
geological standards for wave length range ( 0.50A - 1. 66A ) using intensity (counts /40
seconds) of(GH;Mica-Fe;ATT-1;SY-2;ASk-1; ASk-2; BX-N; UM-2;UM-4;MRG-1) incoherent
scatter (I incoh) lines ( Au Lβ , Cr kβ , Mo Kα , Mo Kβ , W Lβ1 , WLβ2 ) reflected from smooth
surface of infinity thick pellets prepared from standards samples powders Appropriate
computer program were previously written and checked then , later used for computation of
mass absorption coefficients () of the standards samples. Sequential x-ray spectrometer
(PW1459/10) were used for measurements of incoherent Scatter (I incoh). The inverse relation
between (I incoh -) can be explained on the basis of low rate of incoherent scatter
generation from sample matrix of high mass absorption coefficient . Same matrix can absorb
great deal of departed x-ray from the samples . The curved relation is confined to Mo Kα and
Mo Kβ incoherent line resulted from the nature of the spectrometer pw 1450/10 used in this
study. Comparison between different incoherent reflection lines were made and the whole data
was subjected to additional mathematic and statistical treatments for improvement of results .

The aim of this study is to prepare a new ester prodrug. used for this purpose ascorbic acid
vitamin C and indomethacin by esterification reaction, and partial purification of the AST
from blood serum with diabetes type II, and we following steps:
1-preparation of indomethacin chloride by reaction of indomethacin with thionyl
chloride.esterification reaction of the hydroxy group in vitamin C with Indomethacin
chloride to produce ester indomethacin. And Identification of Structural formula using
spectroscopic methods (FTIR.(
2-measuring the AST activity in the blood serum of people with diabetes and blood serum
of healthy people. The study included 35 patients serum sample for Type II diabetes and
(25) of the serum sample healthy.
The control group was observed high level of probability (p <0.001) in ASTactivity
in persons with type II diabetes compared to what it is in healthy people
3-gel filtration technique using Sephadex column G100, purifying the AST from diabetes
Type II the buffer solution (phosphate buffer) with pH (7.4) for the separation of the
enzyme. 4-enzyme kinetics AST was studied , where studied the effect of different concentrations of
the substrate of L_asparatate, also studied the effect of pH
The optimum temperature for the action of the enzyme was 37 ° C and studied the effect of
reaction time on the activity of the enzyme.
5-seven different concentrations was preparation of the compound (Prodrug) assay in
enzyme activity with and without the prodrug in vitro Assess the . There is a decrease in
the activity of AST with increasing the concentration of the prodrug.
6-studied the type of inhibition of the prodrugshow The inhibition of non-competitive type.
6-study of drug released : used different pH (2-4) and pH (8-10)

This study was conducted to investigate the possibility of interaction between the bacterial
content and parasitic worms present in a shared environment.
which included the collection of 25 samples from the Fasciola parasite of two different
hosts cattle and sheep of modern massacre of Kirkuk.
The results of the study showed isolate and diagnose 20 bacterial isolates, 80% of the cases
were all isolates belonging to intestinal bacteria family Enterobacteriaceae a bacterium
Escherichia coli (7) isolation, bacteria Proteus mirabilis (5) isolation, bacteria Proteus
vulgaris (4) isolation, bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae (3) isolation and Serratia marcescens
(1) isolation. It was examined 25 samples of the Fasciola parasite, 18 samples have been isolated from
bovine and 72% of the total samples. The results showed that 16 samples of which were
containing on bacteria and 88.88% of the total samples tested for Fasciola in cows, while
no isolation of bacteria from 2 samples and 11.1% of the total samples tested for Fasciola
in cows.
The rest consist 7 samples were isolated from sheep and 28% of the total aggregate
samples. The results showed that 4 samples of which were containing on bacteria and
57.1% of the total samples tested for Fasciola in sheep, while no isolation of bacteria from
3 samples and 42.8% of the total samples tested for Fasciola in sheep.
The results of the current study also showed changes in the bile ducts were it calcification
and necrosis as a result of the interaction between the bacteria and the parasite as well as
the obvious changes in Bile since become thick mucous textures and color with yellowish
Unlike natural Bile that are water-green color and textures.

The first part of the research included preparation and diagnosis of a number of
complexes of nickel manganese zinc and bilateral cobalt from interaction with the metal
salt of saccharin with saccharin ligand which makes complexes or saccharin metal
ligand.
After preparation of these ligands their reactance done with aspirin as 2:1 percentage
of aspirin is 2 ligand percentage is 1 by dissolving it by Ethanol evaporation done for two
hours and 30 minutes then the precipitate nominated and washed and its crystallizatior
returned by Ethanol and new complex of aspirin and metal saccharin been.
I diagnosed prepared complex by spectral ways which included infrared spectroscopy
UV spectrum molar conductivity NMR and magnetic sensitivity.
Second part of this research included study of biological effectiveness of four prepared
complexes at glucose and cholesterol and triple gilceridemia levels in serum by testing
it on rabbits infected diabetic and non- infected rabbits the results showed that these
complexes are effective Influential and led to a reduction in the level of glucose and
cholesterol and triple gilceridemia levels in serum after introduction of diabetes in rabbit
by hydrogen peroxide concentration 50% .
Rabbits were divided into three groups set control a8 rabbit: .diabetes : the number of
infected rabbits infected 16 .
non- infected treatment complexes : the number of rabbits 16.
When we give non- infected rabbits these complexes by oral way for two weeks the
study showed significant of glucose and cholesterol and gliceridemia levels .
The number of infected rabbits which introduced by hydrogen peroxide concentration of
100mg/kg and concentration of 50% we specified the influential dose at 100mg/kg when
gave the rabbits orally after starving them for 24 hours before taking the blood we
observed during this study great effect of these complexes in reducing glucose observed
significant difference between Diabetic group introduced by Hydrogen peroxide and the
group treated by these prepared complexes (p0.05) also observed significant difference in
cholesterol (p0.05) between Diabetic group and treated group which means there is
significant difference of cholesterol also there is significant difference (p0.05) in triple
gilceridemia .

Fourteen (14) samples of surface soil, four (4) water samples and sample of dust storm
were collected from selected sites of Kirkuk governorate. Radioactivity of (K-40, U-238, Th232, Cs-137) were measured using NaI Gamma Spectrometer. The mean radioactivity for
(K-40, U-238, Th-232) in soil were (158, 20, 20) Bq/Kg, while for water samples it was
(19.11) Bq/kg for K-40 and below detection level for both U-238, Th-232. On the other
hand for dust storm samples the radioactivity for (K-40, U-238, Th-232) were (379.3, 23.4,
22.06) respectively. Cs-137 results was below detection limits for both soil and water
samples while, it was (19.3) Bq/kg in dust storm samples. It was concluded from the study
that the results of radioactivity were within the international standards except the
radioactivity of CS -137 in dust storm sample.

This research was about a comparative taxonomic study about Peganum harmala which
belong to Zygophyllaceae family, The effect of dam Al-Adheems water on the growth of this
plant has been clarified at Al-Shay Al-Sagheerl Himreen regionl Salah Al-Din, it was
found that this plant is adapted to live near and far from water at the same time. The
phenotypic traits included study the traits of the stems , leaves ,flowering heads and the
quantitative and qualitative reproductive organs ,it turns out that this traits have a great
taxonomic importance ,the diversity of this traits have been discussed .the traits of
vegetation have been studied in terms of amount of Peganum harmala was (5%) in region
(A) which is close to water ,which affected of dam Al-Adheems water, while it was (40%) in
the region far from water, region (B), whereas the density of Peganum harmala was (17)
100 / m2
in the region close to water , while it was (82)100 / m2
in the region far from water,
whereas the frequency of Peganum harmala was (41) in the region near the water ,while it
was (83) in the region far from water.

310 serum samples collected for women audits to Kirkuk General Hospital in Kirkuk city
suspected of toxoplasmosis(TOXO), Cytomegalovirus(CMV), Rubella virus(RV) and
Herpes virus II (HSV). It has been in the current study using Elisa test 50 samples to
diagnose women with toxoplasmosis and a rate of 16.13% and 3 sample of women with
Rubella virus at a rate of 0.97%, while the herpes simplex virus, including one sample at a
rate of 0.32% , while the number of Cytomegalovirus samples was one at the rate of 5.48%
and for the common infection was the number of the common virus samples (Rubella and
Cytomegalovirus) 153 sample and a rate of 49.35% and (parasite Toxoplasma gondii and
Rubella virus and Cytomegalovirus) was 10 sample at a rate 3.23% . The highest
percentage of infection toxoplasmosis and Cytomegalovirus virus in 66-52y. the age group
at a rate 48.57% and 22.8%, respectively. While the highest percentage of infection rubella
virus in 96-62 y. of age group at a rate 1.55% and in herpes simplex virus ratio was 0.68%
in the age group 15-25y. while the shared infection for (Toxo, RV, CMV) and (RV, CMV)
recorded in the age group 66-52y and infection by 8.57% and 65.71%, respectively.

The cost of Environmental degradation (COED) is one of the hidden cost, that will not
appear as direct cost , rather than it will cause indirect effects like health and economic
effects, for example Air burden diseases and degradation of agriculture products. (COED)
consists of calculation/estimation the financial cost caused by Environmental degradation
(present time &future).the final estimation of (COED) is represented as percentage of
Gross domestic product (GDB) for a country.
This research concluded estimation of (COED) caused by Air pollution in Kirkuk
governorate north of Iraq (one of the biggest oil production cities in Iraq), the same
scientific method adopted by World Bank was applied in this research. The results showed
that (COED) for Air pollution in Kirkuk equal to 68.8 billion I.Q.D which represent 12% of
Kirkuk (GDB) for 2013. The results of this research represent 4.5% of the (COED) from
Air pollution (for all Republic of Iraq Area).Urgent action must be taken to treat Air
pollution resources in Kirkuk urgently.

Anew, simple, rapid and accurate spectrophotometric method for determination of
diclofenac sodium via oxidative coupling with the2,4-dintrophenylhydrazine reagent in
presence of oxidizing agent potassium periodate in the alkaline medium and the oxidation
time 5 minute to form a blue colored compound ,which dissolved in water and showed the
highest intensity of absorption at λmax 600 nm. The method has been obeyed Beer's law in
the concentration range 0.8-16 µg.ml-1
,with molar absorptivity of 2.8692×104
L. mol-1
.cm
-
1
,Sandel Index value 0.0110 µg.cm-2
, the detection limited 0.088106 µg.ml-1
, with
correlation coefficient 0.9975. The relative standard deviation of the method does not
exceed 2.97%. The proposed method was applied successfully for the determination of
diciofenac sodium in tablet by both the direct and standard addition methods for three
concentrations, the recovery ranged between 97.3-99.9%. Anew, simple, rapid and accurate spectrophotometric method for determination of
diclofenac sodium via oxidative coupling with the2,4-dintrophenylhydrazine reagent in
presence of oxidizing agent potassium periodate in the alkaline medium and the oxidation
time 5 minute to form a blue colored compound ,which dissolved in water and showed the
highest intensity of absorption at λmax 600 nm. The method has been obeyed Beer's law in
the concentration range 0.8-16 µg.ml-1
,with molar absorptivity of 2.8692×104
L. mol-1
.cm
-
1
,Sandel Index value 0.0110 µg.cm-2
, the detection limited 0.088106 µg.ml-1
, with
correlation coefficient 0.9975. The relative standard deviation of the method does not
exceed 2.97%. The proposed method was applied successfully for the determination of
diciofenac sodium in tablet by both the direct and standard addition methods for three
concentrations, the recovery ranged between 97.3-99.9%.

Qamchuqa Formation rocks are part of eighth cycle of the Arabian plate (AP8). The rock
sequences of this cycle deposited in Late Tithonian - Early Turonian. The study based on
two surface sections of Qamchuqa Formation in Bekhme and Galala sections Northern
Iraq. Qamchuqa Rocks are characterized by their hard and High porosities, and formed of
dolostone, limestone and dolomitic limestone. The formation sequences are composed of
three main sedimentary facies: limestone facies consists of four microfacies, dolostone
microfacies is subdivided into five submicrofacies and lithofacies is subdivided into two
lithofacies.
The sedimentary model of the formation deduces from the sedimentary facies, It reflects
marine depositional environments extending from the fore reef to the tidal flats
environments. The reef environment doesn't recorded in the studied section but we can
estimated its place near Gali Ali Bek area.

The study included examination of 3200 stool sample selected randomly for taken from
patients attending gynecological and obstetrics hospital in alramadi city , for period 1-6-
2001 to 30-6-2012 , C. parvum parasite discovered by two ways : Direct test using ZehilNeelsen and ELISA . we showed that ELISA test was best from direct method by using
Zehil-Neelsen modified stain . parasite purification and crashing and injection in rabbits
for extraction IgG antibodies and using for infection parasite treatment after mice group
infection and compared antibodies treated with chemical treatment and noticed Oocyst
ejected with feces after examination some blood analysis and Examination IgG , IgM , IgA
, C3 , C4 in blood f as a sign to inflammation get and infection remaining or finishing ,
show the study result clear increase in outside Oocyst number Known in positive control
treatment , Wrong treatment rest others , was showing low significant in outside Oocyst
number Known . Was treatments best for blood signs and outside Oocyst number Known
and antibodies and complements it Spiramycin + Azithromycin treatment (6µm) following
IgG treatment for giving in oral method .

commercially pure copper matrix composite reinforced with ( 0,2,4,6,8,10 and 12vol % ) of
( SiC ) prepared by powder metallurgy technique. , then The mixture was mixed
mechanically by using rotating mixer for two hour and frequently mixer for five minute for
each sample . The mixture was cold pressed uniaxially at (350 MPa) using die of (12)mm
diameter and height (100)mm and sintered at (900 oC) for two hours and studying the effect
of reinforcement content on mechanical and metallurgical properties were studied . The
results showed decrease in values of Green & Bulk Density and increasing the percentage
of true porosity and increase in values of Vickers hardness and yield compressive resistance
and decrease in wear rate with increase reinforcement content with improvement of
properties after centering .

A total of 13 carbonate rocks samples represented Aqra Formations deposited in the reefal
environment, Chemical results of Aqra samples showed that the formation could be divided
into two parts, lower part is limestone while the upper part has been subjected to
dolomitization prosses, the two parts are separated by a transitional strata which have been
less dolomitized. Its noticed that the upper part contain higher concentrations of trace
elements like Cr, Ni, Co, Sc, the concentrations of this elements (9.33, 9.47, 3.15, 0.95)ppm
in lower part and (57.25, 75.88, 5.68, 2.13)ppm in upper part respectively, which indicated
that this part has been subjected to the influences of mafic and ultramafic provenance in
contrast to the lower part, The rare earth elements (REE) content was also different in the
two parts, there is relatively depletion in the light rare earth elements (LREE) towards the
upper part (4.56ppm – 4.07ppm) with increase in the insoluble residue (I.R.) content from
2.84% to 5.60% and increase in the heavy rare earth elements (HREE) towards to upper
part (0.52ppm – 0.78ppm), The ƩREE is 5.08ppm in lower part and 4.85ppm in upper part,
This is also reflection of the difference in the nature of the terrigeneous component which
the two parts where supplied. Negative Ce anomaly was noticed in the parts which are not
dolomitized of the Formation involved in the present study but absent in the dolomitized
part. Through the study of binary relations between major and trace elements its shown
that the major part of trace are well correlated with the terrigeneous constituents and not
correlated with the carbonate phases, The sedimentation basin which Aqra deposited was
affected by the tectonic activities happened at that time, this is supported by the presence of
trace elements of mafic nature associated with the terrigeneous clasts which the basin of
deposition received.

The aim of this study to Evaluate the effect of high temperatures on specimens of Self-compacted
concrete in slabs under static and impact loads . The study contents the experimental work to
investigate the effect of high temperatures on some properties of self-Compacted concrete. Fifty
four concrete slab samples has been casted with dimensions of ( 500*500*50mm), the specimens
were exposed to high temperature by using furnace manufactured for this purpose for (2hrs)
then cooled by two methods, gradually by lefting them in the air, and suddenly by using water ,
After that the specimens were tested to study the effect of different temperature
levels(100,300,500,700)° C and cooling rate (gradually and sudden cooling conditions) on the
behavior of reinforced concrete slabs under static and dynamic loads, and comparing the results
with specimens without burning (reference specimens). The results showed decreasing in bending strength and Toughness of the slabs reinforced after
exposure to high temperatures compared with the reference slabs . High temperatures decreased
the value of the maximum load for slabs in percentage (0.398%,7.56%,15.27%,29%) compared
with the reference slab after exposure to temperature change (100,300,500,700)° C and cooled
gradually in air after heating, while the decreasing reached ( 2.12%,10.76%,24.3%,39.97% )
compared with the reference slab at the same temperatures when cooled suddenly by water. This
study also has been investigated the behavior of reinforced concrete slabs Exposed to high
temperatures under the influence of dynamic impact load and comparing these results with
concrete reference slab , Where the tests using the steel structure used in dynamic loads which
provided with Linear Variable displacement transducers under the slab. These data was
recorded for a period of time begins at the moment Damping in slab occur , Curves were drawn
to show (displacement – time relation of slab), The results showed decreasing of slabs impact
resistance (the number of blows needed to penetrate ) with the increasing of temperatures. As
well as the temperature increased the max displacement and time extinguishing of concrete slabs.
where in used the results showed that the reinforced slabs cooled gradually by the air after
heating has a dynamic properties better than those which cooled suddenly by water.

The research included five species are : Leptaleum filifolium (willd)Dc. ,
(Desf.), Malcolmia africana(L.) ,Matthiola longipetala (Vent.)Dc. , Neotorularia torulosa,
Sisybrium irio (L.) , which grow wild in Iraq .and belonging to three different tribes which
are (Hesperideae, Matthioleae , Sisybrieae ) to the Family Brassicaceae .
The research covered the Morphological characters of the fruits ( Shape , color,
Indumentums and dimension) as well as seed morphological characters ( Shape, color,
surface configuration and dimension) , the anatomical studied include fruit parts ( beak,
valve and pedicel ) Showed and there is difference in structure and arrangement of tissue
part of their species . The research important and diagnostic value between in the species,
as well as the thickness of the fruits coat and shape section importance in the separation
between the species , The results anatomical study of seed coat there was a difference in
number tissue layer different types of species. The study of embryos , was one of the
first studies in Iraq about the shape and dimensions in this family to be of importance in
the separation of the species.
The results of the present study proved that species Neotorularia torulosa, (Desf.)Records
distribution for the first time in Iraq absent mention advance in the Iraqi flora.

The goal of the research to find the effect of ozone concentration on treatment of oil refinery
wastewater and removal chemical of oxygen demand(COD), phenolic compound and total
dissolved solid(TDS). The feed concentration of COD and Phenol equal to 1260 and 1.95
mg/lit respectively while the feed concentration of TDS equal to 1800 PPM. The air was input
to ozone generation by pipes then go to bubble reactor that full by wastewater to treatment it.
The concentration of ozone that uses in the treatment is (125, 188,250, 313, 375 mg/lit.hr)
whiles the other condition was kept constant (Temperature=27 c, PH=10). The results show the
efficiency of ozone to treatment of wastewater where the removal of COD, Phenol & TDS are
69.87 %, 77.78 %, 78.76 % at reaction time 90, 65, 65 minute respectively, then the results
showed that the typical con. f ozone equal to (313 mg/lit.hr) when removal of COD, while the
typical concentration Of ozone equal to (250 mg/lit.hr) at removal of Phenol & TDS

The current study was conducted to investigate the poisonous effects of Aluminum Chlorid
dissolved in water alone and its effects of dissolved in acetic acid 25% in blood variables
for male rats of Mus musculus . fifteen rats of the species Mus musculus ages (3-4) weeks
and weights of (100±150gm) were used in this study. The study included tow experiments,
(25) rat used for each experiment, which included (5) groups with (5) rat each. The first
group of each experiment groups was considered the control group ,while the remaining
four groups were considered as treatment groups. The first group were treated with (70
mg/kg of bodyweight) of Aluminum Chloride for different intervals (2, 5, 10, and 20 days);
the second group given (70 mg/kg bodyweight) of Aluminum Chloride dissolved in acetic
acid 25%. the blood variables for all rats were calculated after the different injection
intervals was finished and dissected and blood was taken directly from the heart and put in
experimental tube containing anticoagulant EDTA , The results showed low corporate rate
of red blood cells ( RBC) and other blood variables and high moral in the rate of white
blood cells ( WBC) compared to the control group, these changes were gradual as the
dosage period.

This study aims to determine the spectral properties of the trimethyl Aluminum molecule
(C3H9Al) using the Semi-empirical quantum programs [HyperChem8.0, WinMopac7.21] by
(MNDO-PM3) (Modified Neglect of Differential Overlap-Parameterization Model3). This
method characterized by the flexibility, the simplicity and the quick performance. The
equilibrium geometry and the potential curve were calculated and then from the curve, the
total energy of the molecule at the equilibrium distance was calculated. In addition, the
dissociation energy, the energy of electron , the core-core repulsion, the ionization energy,
the zero point energy, the energy gap, the frequencies and basic vibrational modes have
been calculated. The study’s results were in agreement with the previous research.

Analysis of High –Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for fractions of Citrullus
colocynthis seeds powder ethanolic extract isolated by (CC) column chromatography
showed the identification of many phenolic compounds a follows ,Cinnamic acid ,PHydroxy benzoic acid, Gallic acid, and Resorcinol . The P-Hydroxy benzoic acid was
recorded as higher concentration in the (F8) while the Cinnamic acid was recorded as
49.23% in F7. The F8 more effective than F7 it caused mortality at 100% for both 1.5 and
2.0 concentrations. The effect of F8 of Cirullus colocynthis in concentration 0.5% caused
destruction of follicular cells which appeared in different shape while the concentration 1%
caused hypertrophy and disjunction of follicular cells by effect of phenolic compounds.

In this paper ,we present the results of Radiative Energy Loss and continuous slowing
down approximation (CSDA) ranges for electrons in the elements Calcium , Potassium
and Phosphor in terms of energy (0.01 - 10) MeV have been studied by using two empirical
formula of Berger-Seltzer and Tabata et al respectively . These two parameters depend
upon the atomic number (Z) of the absorber and incident electron energy E. It has been
found that these formulae gives better agreement with the available data of Estar universal
code.

This Random cross sectional study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Inhibin B in
Infertiled women in Kirkuk city which is one indicator to the reproductive ability in
polycystic ovary patients ,consider as the disease common in Infertility, also to study the
changes in reproductive hormones Follicular stimulating hormone(FSH), Luteinizing
hormone (LH) , Estrogen(E2) , prolactin(PRL) Testosterone, Samples were classified into
two groups: (38) blood samples from women with primary infertility ,(29) blood samples
from women with secondary infertility , compared with (18) samples from women as
control group. Blood samples were taken within 2-4 days of menstrual. period of women
with their ages ranged from 17-46 years who were visiting the infertility unit in Azady
teaching hospital in Kirkuk city. Infertile Samples were divided into two groups: infertiled
women with polycystic ovary syndrome and infertiled women for other reasons . the ratio of
polycystic ovary syndrome of primary infertility was 65.78% while of secondary was
58.62%. Results indicated that there was a high significant increase in Inhibin B level
(p<0.05) in secondary infertiled group compared with both control group ,and primary
infertiled group and also a significanl increase in Prolactin level (P< 0.05) of both
primary and secondary infertiled group compare with control group. and a high significant
increase in Inhibin B level (p<0.05) in secondary infertiled group of (G1) polycystic ovary
syndrome and (G2) infertiled women for other reasons compare with primary infertiled
group and also high significant increase in FSH level for (G2) in secondary infertiled
group. The relation between levels of inhibin B and body mass index was studied which
indicated the high level of inhibin B (141.14± 55.51) pg\ml) in obese infertiled women.

This study is reveal the characteristics of Shiranish formation to elucidate the sedimentological
properties Ain Zalah and Butmah Oil fields northwest in Iraq from wells Az-24, Az-29, But-15.
The studied rocks are consist of limestone and marly limestone.
The microfacies are classified into: Lime mudstone, Lime wackstone and Lim packstone.
These microfacies are divided into several submicrofacies according to their components. The
depositional environment for the formation is identified which extend from the Shelf-Slop (Fz5, Fz-4, Fz-3, Fz-2).

The present study is carried out to detect some quality properties of groundwater at Tuz,.
The results showed that air temperature noted minimum at ranged between (8-35)C° , and
The recorded temperatures of ground water values range between (18-25)C°, Turbidity
values for all wells water at the study area ranged (0.00-29.88)NTU, It is obtained that wells
near-off the mountain chain Nafed dag increase of electric conductivity comparative
ranged between (734-6890)µs/cm. Groundwater in the study area was Brackish dependence
to the total dissolved salts ranged (20-5860)mg/l . The pH values ranging between (4.15-
8.91) . It was noted that the values of the dissolved oxygen are few and almost non-existent
in some cases it ranged between (0.8 -0.30)mg/l. Analysis of biological oxygen demand
refers to wells water (very clean) levels involving (0.00 -0.15)mg/l. Reason of groundwater
very hardness ranging values of total hardness , calcium and magnesium hardness
between (300-2440) mg/l , (160-1400)mg/l and (44-1580)mg/l respectively. The total
alkalinity ranged between (74-600)mg/l , The chloride ions in ground water of the studied
within the permissible limits for watering of animals and irrigation of plants, with values
range (0.00-349.89)mg/l . Sulphates range between (134.5-3326)mg/l .Sodium values for all
wells water at the study area ranged (112.35 -495.59)mg/l. Potassium values for all wells
water at the study area ranged (1.158-51.036)mg/l. As for plant nutrients , ranged between
the values of silica (9.688-25.981)mg/l.The concentration of active nitrite ions ranged
between (0.000 –1.212) µg NO-NO2/L .As the values of phosphate , ranged between (0.26-
0.399) µg P-PO4/L during the study period.