Kirkuk Journal of Science

The study was conducted for detection of bacteriocin production ability in isolates of enterococcus spp in urine sample by disc assay method . results showed all isolates of E. faecium and some of E.faecalis have the ability to produce bacteriocin . these bacteriocines showed high inhibitory effect against gram positive bacteria than gram negative.

This study aims to find Geotechnical properties for soil in the Dijlah Area, (7) samples were
taken from wells located in the area, according to the size analysis and the plasticity limits tests
of that most soils are Silty soil of inorganic low plasticity of the type (ML) and the other sample
(CL -ML). The results of chemical analysis showed that the percentage of gypsum ranged
between (0.30% - 40.65%) and (T.D.S.) ranged between (56.14%-0.90%) that the high rates
cause geometric problems on buildings and structures, While the proportion of organic matter
(0.30% -0.95%) and pH values between (7.80–7.9), a somewhat acceptable values. The values
of the moisture content of the soils ranged from (0.5% -3.0%) and the presence of gypsum and
a collection of sample in the month of September clear effect on those values and may impact
adversely on the Voids ratio and compression index, and cause in reducing the values of
Cohesion and Internal Friction angle of the soil, Compression index values shown the high
compressibility of soil, and the values of the Swelling index indication that the Swelling ratio
is low. Soil was evaluated according to the values of the study area (O.C.R.) As excessive
consolidation soil . Results showed that the X-ray diffraction test of non-clay minerals are
predominant (Calcite, quartz, feldspar) and either clay minerals are (Montmorillonite, Illte,
Kaolinite and Palygoroskite (

This study included synthesis of Tri [2(4-isobuty phenyl) propionyl ] glycerate afforded
by reaction of Glycerol with Ibuprofen.
The purification of the synthesized derivative was established by (TLC) and column
chromatography while the structure suggesting was confirmed by ( FTIR ،
1H-NMR ) and
the result obtained given good evidence for structure proposed to their compound and using
through the study groups , and take (36) rabbits proximate in the weight and divided into
four groups contain of (9) rabbits . the first group used as acontrol group and the second
group dosed with synthesized compound ( 50 mg/kg ) and the third group dosed with the
solvent used (DMSO) ,and the fourth group dosed with Ibuprofen drugs. After (3)hours
from doses withdrawal blood sample and serum was isolated and Conducted study By
biochemical and enzymatic variables.
Variables included measurement enzyme activity following (Cholinesterase(ChE) were
also measured the concentration of each of the (Total fucose, Fucose bounded
protein,Hexoses bounded protein ) statistical data analysis: revealed signification increase
in the activity of Cholinesterase ، signification increase in level total fucose,Protein
bounded fucose , and signification decrease in level concentration protein bounded
Hexoses ,and signification increase in level concentration , and this study included the
hydrolysis of compound at different pH(acidic and basic) and the results showed that the
compound hydrolyzed at basic medium faster than acidic medium.

In this research we studied the production of biodiesel from castor oil and the effect of
temperature, molar ratio and catalyst type on biodiesel production efficiency.
Transesterification of castor oil was used to production biodiesel. Transesterification
reaction was studied at different molar ratio of methanol: oil from 6:1, 1:6.5, 1:7, 1:9, 1:12
to 15:1, at 65 °C, reaction time up to 120 minutes and fixed amount of catalyst (1 wt.%
KOH). The Conversion efficiency was 97% when using the ratio of alcohol to oil 1: 7 ratio
Molar. The potassium hydroxide better than sodium hydroxide in the esterification
reactions with using methanol. Because sodium hydroxide having difficulty soluble in
methanol alcohol. As for the reaction temperature, the best temperature is 65 ° C ,
efficiently convert up to 97%. As for 60 ° C and 70 ° C conversion efficiency was 89.5% and
91.4%, respectively

The aim of this paper is to study the effect of heat treatment on the bulk etch rate
activation energy (EB) of the nuclear track detector CR-39 at thermal heating of 145 °C for
20 min . An aqueous solution of KOH with normality (3,5,7,9) N and temperature
(50,60,70,80) °C have been used to each the detector for 2h . The bulk etch rate activation
energy (EB) for unheated detectors was about (0.284, 0.274, 0.327, 0.303) eV and for heated
detectors (
B
a
E
) was (0.227, 0.246, 0.249, 0.301) eV for etching normalities (3,5,7,9) N
respectively . It has been observed that the activation energy does not depend so much on
the normality and temperature of the etchant solution . The activation energy rate for
unheated detectors was
E eV B
 0 .297
and for heated detectors was
E eV B
a
 0 .255 .

Industrial wastewaters are the serious problems which nowadays effect the environment,
the process of treat them as well as the disposal of their negative impacts are numerous and different. The access of these industrial residuals to the soil by any way will attain the soil
safety and their properties changing and consequently the safety of structures constructed
or will be constructed on such soil is the major subject of researchers .This study dealt with
the influence of disposed industry wastewater on chemical and engineering properties of
the soil by soaking soils specimens with samples of this water, also this study includes the
effect of gypseous soil as an infiltration medium on the chemical properties of dairy
wastewater, which infiltrated through a column of gypseous soil .It was transported
gypseous soil samples from Tikrit region with gypsum content at (31.68%) , where this
research contain two stages, the first one contains soaking these gypseous soil samples in
basin of dairy wastewater for (15, 30 & 60) days. At the end of each period, the soil samples
taken for conducted the engineering and chemical tests.The second stage is summarized by
leaching the dairy wastewater through soil column, tests were conducted (specific gravity,
Atterberg limits, compaction, shear strength parameters, consolidation, collapse, gypsum
content, total soluble salts, organic maters and pH) also it was conducted for leaching dairy
wastewater .The results showed the soil exposed to soaking were changes in soil and
infiltrated wastewater properties, In regards to the impact of soil on the infiltrated
wastewater characteristics it was showed where leaching periods increased, the pH value
for dairy wastewater reduced also the COD, phosphate PO4 and nitrates NO3 , while the
values of chlorides CL and sulphates SO4 were increased .

This study include prepared number of new Mannich bases derived from equivalent
moles p-hydroxybenzaldehyde with equivalent moles from benzotriazole and primary
amines in the ethanol as a solvent. The prepared Mannich bases were characterized by the
infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance for proton and carbon-13 (1H NMR
and 13C-{1H} NMR). And the completing of the reaction was checking by using TLC.

In quality control assume that the distribution of their process output is normal. The
definition and estimation of (pci) indices are usually based on the assumption that the
production process under normal distribution. But, in most practical cases this assumption
is not valid and the distribution of the quality characteristics may follow non-normal
distributions such as Weibull ,Lognormal , and Exponential distribution). One can see the
difference between the non-normal process capability indices and the normal process
capability indices by overlooking its theoretical distributions .This paper provides a decision
on how to calculate the process capability indices for normal and find process capability
indices another step transformation data by (Box – Cox( and Johnson transformation and
comparison between two methods.

In this paper , a number of heterocyclic compounds with five-memberd pyrazolines were
prepared , the ester compound (1) was synthesized from the reaction of benzotriazole with
ethyl chloroacetate , the hydrazide (2) was prepared from the reaction of ester (1) with
hydrazine hydrate , benzelidene acetone (9-3) was prepared from the reaction of
condensation aldol , from the reaction one mole from acetone with tow mole from different
benzaldehyde in sodium hydroxide as alkalinity , after that pyrazolines ring was prepared
from reaction with Di benzelidene acetone from benzotriazole hydrazine acetate in sodium
hydroxide (16-10) , these compound were studied and identified by physical and spectral
methods .

This research includes the development of spectrophotometric method for determination
of Tetracycline via oxidative coupling with the N,N-Diethyl-p-phenylene diamine reagent in
presence of oxidizing agentN-Bromosuccinimide in the alkaline medium oxidation time 15
min to form a colored-dye violet, which dissolved in water and showed the highest intensity
of absorption at λmax 552nm, the method has been obeyed Beer's Law in the concentration
range (10-32µg. ml-1
), with molar absorptivity of 10579 L. mol-1
. Cm-1
, Sandel Index value
0.0454 µg. cm-2
, the detection limited 0.329 µg. ml-1
, with correlation coefficient 0.9942 ,
the relative standard deviation of the method does not exceed 0.302% the proposed method
was applied successfully for the determination of Tetracycline Hydrochloride on
pharmaceutical preparation by both the direct and standard addition methods for three
concentrations, the recovery ranged between 98.8-102.71%. the evaluations of results of
this method was a achieved applying t and F tests. The results showed that there is no
significant difference between the proposed and standard method, and thus the proposed
method is of good validity for the determination Tetracycline in its pharmaceutical
preparations.

This search included synthesis of some heterocyclic compounds devired from 1,3,4-
thiadiazol ring ,such as thaiazolidin -4-one substituents Azetidine -3- one and Azo dyes.
These compounds were aprepard from Shiff bases loaded on thiazdiazol ring, These bases
have been treated with Aniline substituents in presence of pyrididine as a catalyst to give
azo dyes , thioglycolic acid to produce thiazolidine -4- one in presence of ZnCl2 as catalyst
and finally with chloroacetylchloride to produce Azetidine-3-one in presence of
tryethylamine as a catalyst. The prepared compounds were identifie by physical properties
and IR,H1
-NMR Spectroscopy.

This study included the use of poly acryl amide as corrosion inhibitor of the C-Steel in
50ml of 15% HCl were used five different weights (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5) gm of polymer to
obtain different concentrations of the inhibitor and from weight lost in different
temperature and times were obtained the inhibitor efficiency and covered surface area with
polymer and then calculated the thermodynamic constants. It was noted that in increase of
time and temperatures increases corrosion. The highest efficiency of the inhibitor has been
recorded at the time of 3 hours and a temperature of 40 ℃.

Three hundred clinical sample were collected from patients admitted and comers to
(Azadi Teaching, Kirkuk General, kidsGeneral) hospitals, 140 sample from females with
percentage (46.6%) and 160 sample frommale (53.3%), and through it found that 24
samples with percentage (17.14%) represented positive for bacterial growth in females and
26 samples with(16.25%) represented positive bacterial growth of male cases. The ability of
Pseudo. aeruginosa to produce pyocyanin on various media were show that 43 clinical
isolates of Pseudo.aeruginosa (86%) produced pyocyanin on two media (Nutrient agar,
Muller hinton agar) and 15 (30%) produced the pigment on Macconky agar and 24 isolates
(48%) on blood agar. While the effect of pyocyanin pigment on the growth of different
pathogenic bacterial isolates the results showed that a gram positive bacteria such as
Staphylococcus aureus was more sensitive to the pyocyanin pigment than gram negative
bacteria (E.coli, klebsiella pneumonia) when grown on Nutrient agar or Muller hinton
agar.

This study done to investigate the role of H.influenzae and other bacterial types which
cause chronic tonsillitis in children below six years of age , (120) clinical samples were
collected , Included (60) samples from surface tonsiles and (60) samples from core tonsils, In
the period from December 2014 to April 2015 attending Azadi teaching hospital and general
Kirkuk hospital in Kirkuk city, 147 different bacterial isolation were obtained which showed
positive for bacteriological culture.
The result showed obvicus differences in bacterial species between surface throat and core
swabs and the most common isolates was : Streptococcus spp. which came at first order (54)
isolates (36.73%) , And Staphylococcus spp. came secondly with (45) (30.61%). Haemophilus
spp. Which came in third order with (18) (12.24%), And Pseudomonas spp. With (14)
(9.52%), And Proteus spp.with (12) (8.16%), And Klebsiella spp. With(4) (2.72%).
The result showed infection with chronic tonsillitis in males about 60% and in the females
40% , The serotyping results appears that H.ifluenzae type (Hib) was common 81.81% , but
Biotyping results (III,I) was more common types 33.33%.
H.influenzae isolates exhibit high resistance to the antibiotics Ampicillin, Gentamycin,
Erythromycin, Tetracyclin, Amoxicillin, Co-trimeexazole, Piperacillin and Cephalothin,
while appeared highly sensitive to antibiotics Cefotaxime, Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin,
Azithromycin, Imipenem and Ceftriaxone,The study showed inhibitory effect of Water
extracts (Thuja- pomegranate peel, garlic) on the growth of bacteria H.influenzae.

The aim of the present study is to determine the natural radioactivity levels for radon gas
in selected samples of some of the environmental elements in the Mosul city of (soil, plant
and water) and making map of natural radioactivity for Mosul city using Geographic
Information System technique.
The concentration of (222Rn) and (238U) at twelve different regions in Mosul have been
estimated using nuclear track detector (CR-39).
The obtained results were entered to the computer in digital form, and it has been
connected to data entered and stored by geographic coordinates with their spatial location
using Geographic Information System (GIS). Later on the ArcGIS 10.2.1 Desktop,
Erdas9.2 to produce the final maps from the study site.
The obtained results show that the lowest concentration of uranium and radon were
found to be: in the Soil sample in Hai 17 tammuz and it is (1.590168 ppm) of uranium and
(27324281×103 Bq.m-3
) for radon in the air space of the chambers, and it is (17375193×105
Bq.m-3
) for radon concentration in the samples; in the plant sample in Hai 17 tammuz, and
(0.393860 ppm) of uranium and (17264353×103 Bq.m-3
) for radon in the air space of the
chambers and (17144468×105 Bq.m-3
) radon concentration in the samples; in the water
sample in Hai Al Ekhaa, and it is (17142:357 ppm) of uranium and (171397163×103 Bq.m-3
)
for radon in the air space of the chambers, and (171149:28×105 Bq.m-3
) for radon
concentration in the samples.
The highest concentrations were found to be: in the soil sample in Hai Al moalmen,
(2.704451 ppm) of uranium or (37184994 ×103 Bq.m-3
) for radon in the air space of the
chambers (17562553×105 Bq.m-3
) for radon concentration in the samples ; in the plant
sample in Hai Al moalmen, (1796326: ppm) of uranium or (17448244×103 Bq.m-3
) for
radon in the air space of the chambers (17184498×105 Bq.m-3
) for Radon concentration in
the samples; in the water sample in Hai Al Faroooq (171954834 ppm) of uranium or
(171866::7×103 Bq.m-3
) for radon in the air space of the chambers ( 17121396×105 Bq.m
-3
)
for radon concentration in the samples.
Almost of these values are allowed globally and their impact on health and the
environment is not significant. But the important thing that were able to use the
Geographic Information System program to draw the map of natural radiation in Mosul
city as a mean for radioactivity monitoring periodically updated.

This study was conducted in order to identify virulence factors of the bacteria possessed
by the bacteria Burkholderia pseudomallie, which isolated from lobbies and lounges Azadi
Teaching Hospital, (200) sample were collected from lounges of operations (General
surgeries - catheter operations - surgery (ENT) operations of eyes and women's obstetrics
surgery) and lounges (internists – surgical – emergency – burns and women's) from the
period of (December --2 014) to (April -2015), The isolated bacteria ratio (15.584%), Tested
a number of virulence factor of Burkholderia pseudomallei, which been tested included ( β-
Lactamase enzyme - Capsule – Gelatenase enzyme - protease enzyme – Leicithenase
enzyme - Lipase enzym - adhesion factor - the presence of Pili - biofilm - decomposition of
blood (Heamolysin) and The rate of bacterial isolates Burkholderia pseudomallei produced
this factors(33.333- 100- 50- 41.666- 41.666-41.666-100-75-100-66.666%) respectively, The
current study concluded that all the isolate at lest possess four virulence factor from the
studied factors.

The present study was conducted on broiler chickens ( at day 21 age ) which were
infected by oral administration with Eimeria tenella oocyst suspension containing (1 × 10 5
) oocyst / chick . Broiler chickens were divided Randomly into nine groups (10 chickens
per each group) and were watched during the first and second weeks after infection The
results revealed that the infected chickens clinically showed dullness and Anorexia .
Microscopically , There were haemorrhagic inflammation , haemorrhagic spots on the
intestine and in addition to congestion and enlargement of the caecal tonsils . The study
was also included the supplementation of broiler chicken by methionine , choline and
anticoccidials (Amprolium and Diclazuril) at day 9 post infection and it continues for 12
days .The results revealed that no significant differences in plasma glucose , cholesterol ,
triglyceride and high density lipoprotein level were observed whereas , significant decrease
in the level of uric acid , aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity and alanine
aminotransferase (ALT) activity and also significant increase in the level of plasma protein
and albumin were evident in treating groups as compared with control . This may be due to
high total protein concentration in the blood serum as there is evidence to suggest the
existence of inverse proportion between the total protein concentration and activity of
enzymes GOT and GPT in serum and may result in adding amino acids to the diet to reduce
the body's need to create energy from sources protein and then reduce the activity of
enzymes (ALT) and (AST).

A simple , rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of
microgram amounts of chlorpromazine Hydrochloride drug in aqueous solution is
described. The method is based on the oxidative coupling reaction between chlorpromazine
hydrochloride and N,N – dimethyl-p- phenylenediaminedihydrochloride (DMPD) in the
presence of sodium periodate and hydrochloric acid to form an intense red colored product
with maximum absorption at 525 nm . Beer's law is obeyed over the concentration range
of(4-34) µg.ml-1 with moler absorptivity of 9.239x103
l. mol-1
. Cm-1
and sandell's sensitivity
of 0.038 µg.cm-2
. The method does not resort to temperature control or to solvent
extraction . The optimum conditions for all color development are described and the
proposed method has been successfully applied for the determination of chlorpromazine
Hydrochloride in bulk drug and pharmaceutical preparations (Largactil drug).