Hilla university college Journal For Medical Science

The basic feature of melanocytes of ewe uterus is similar to those present in many places in the body. They all have
the ability of melanin production and the origin from neural crest cells.
Samples from thirteen ewes were used in this study at eight different stages of pregnancy. They processed for
examination under light microscope and electron microscope.
The caruncular endometrial tissue at day 16 of pregnancy contains large number of melanocytes. These cells changes
as the foetal villi advance into the endometrium. At day 29 of pregnancy the melanocytes granules were beginning to beengulfed by lysosomes. By day 66 of pregnancy the pigment granules have virtually vanished from the endometrium.By day 75 all stromal cells have disappeared. We suggest that a process autophagocytosis was the reason behind the
disappearance of the melanocytes. The function of melanocytes and their disappearance during pregnancy in the eweis still intriguing.

Background: There is a worldwide agreement that to address the problem of antimicrobial including antibiotic
resistance proper management of antibiotics across all sectors is required.
Objective of the study: To identify the antimicrobial prescribing practice of Iraqi physicians.
Methodology: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study, the data collected by trained researchers based
on reviewing the available prescriptions sheet dispensed by pharmacists after obtaining their verbal consents and
protecting the privacy autonomy of patients. The period of this study started from the rst of January through the end of
May 2021. Antimicrobials and the number of and types of drugs prescribed for each patient enrolled in the study were
studied together with the rout of administrations; (oral intramuscular or intravenous).
Results: The average number of drugs prescribed per patient as checked in the prescription was (4.4). Antimicrobials
constituted 54.5% followed by analgesic drugs, about half of the 500 prescriptions revealed two and more antimicrobials.
Most of antibiotics were prescribed to males and administered orally. Aminoglycosides are the most commonly used
antimicrobials such as gentamycin (23.3%) and Amikacin (12.5%) respectively while cixime comes the second highly
prescribed (15.8%).
In conclusion, the practicing physicians use to prescribe antimicrobials liberally in a way far exceeds the needs of
diseased condition.
Recommendations: There Is a strong need for legislation to monitor the prescription of antimicrobials in Iraq. A
national chemo therapy guideline for antimicrobials prescribing is requested.

Dentistry is one of the most exposed professions to respiratory diseases e.g. covid-19 and due to its airborne transmission,
aerosols created by dental treatment of infected individuals have become a potential chance of transmission. The
aim of this review was to assess the existing infection control measures taken in dental healthcare settings, minimizing treatment mistakes and improving the measures of infection transmission. Literature addressing about the prevention of COVID-19 infection transmission in dental healthcare settings, personal safety and hygiene measures, personal protection equipment, surface asepsis, instrument processing, patient treatment with proper disinfection of the working place and the dental instruments are required against communicable infections, in addition to the management of clinical dental waste. This review article presents various aspects of cross-infection control in dental environment. The dental health care settings are not free from risk. Cross-infection during clinical practice can occur with transmission of infectious agents between patients and health workers in a clinical environment through infected air droplets,
blood, saliva and instruments contaminated with secretions. The main concepts and methods have been selected to be considered for the prevention of COVID-19 transmission in dental healthcare settings. Infections could be transmitted
in the dental operatory through several routes. A good attitude towards infection control in dentistry was prevailed
among patients attending dental healthcare settings. Knowledge and the self-reported practice in dentistry need some improvement about cross-infection.

The research included the preparation of the New Azo Schiff Ligand derived from 4,5-diphenyl imidazole. The
ligand was prepared from the amine reactor with the coupling component in order to prepare the azo amino benzayl
amine. After that the last compound and 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde which obtained the ligand mentioned some metallic
complexes were prepared for the ions of Cu(II), Zn(II) and Hg(II). TheNewazo-Schiff ligand complexes after purication
were identication by using the available spectral and analytical methods such as Mass spectrum for the New ligand
and (ultraviolet-visible, FTIR) spectroscopy, CHN analytics’, Atomic absorption, and conductivity measurement.
According to these techniques the New Azo – Schiff ligand was pidentate and the proposed geometrical shape was
octahedral for the three complexes.

A variety of materials and drugs have been used in dental care to protect the oral cavity from microbial activities,
particularly the formation of dental biolms. These compounds have the potential to be harmful to the human body.
Despite these challenges, nanotechnology applications in dentistry have been developed and used with some success
in the improvement of restorative materials. It also focuses on several problematic parts of dental care, like oral biolm
communities, and also how nanotechnology may assist overcome these obstacles. Nanoparticles (NPs) are frequently
used in the medical sector for a numerous application, and investigations have already shown that NPs have antimicrobial
effects. The extensive utilization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has raised their consumption. Nanotechnology has
been used effectively in the development of restorative materials in dentistry. Traditional AgNPs production methods
require the use of toxic chemicals and dangerous solvents. There is a need for novel approaches for synthesizing AgNPs
that use environmentally friendly agents and uids. It really is important to look for suitable production settings in order
to validate a good AgNP synthesis. Green techniques are the most commonly used in this industry since they are both
environmentally friendly and economically effective. Biological NPs generated from fungal secretions. Biological NPs
synthesized from fungal secretions or extracts are used in safe synthesis because they outperform chemical procedures.
The objective of this review paper is to understand the role of fungal AgNPs as antimicrobial agents in dentistry, mainly
in the reduction of oral biolm communities.