Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

This research aims at identifying (The Impact of the Strategy of 'Finding the Error' in the dictation Achievement of the Fourth-grade Female Students Who are non- Kurdish Speakers), the researcher chose, on purpose, Al- Huda Preparatory School for Girls in the city of Baghdad for, and she chose the first semester of the year 2019-2020. The sample size condists of (64) students distributed into (32) students in the experimental group and (32) in the control group, and conducted the researcher between the two groups equalization in the variables: (,general average for the previous year for the third intermediate grade time age, intelligence,). During that time, the researcher taught the two groups, and prepared an educational test consisting of (40) multiple choice items, supplementing and finding the error and correcting itemsd true and false, and after the end of the trial she applied the test to the two groups, and then used the T - test for two independent samples. The result of the ( T-test) shows that the experimental group who studied according to the strategy (Fin strategy (Find the Error) was superior on the control group.

The research aims to understand the phenomenon of knowledge transformation, which means studying a social specialty after completing a university degree in a natural specialty, and to deconstruct the motives of the transformation, its temporal contexts, and its challenges. The research used a qualitative, phenomenological method by interviewing 35 people from several Arab countries who went through this experience. A thematic analysis was conducted by MAXQDA. The main results are: Social constraints like family, social relations, and the market, played a fundamental role in choosing the first natural specialization after high school, while subjective factors constituted the primary motivation in the knowledge shift towards the social sciences. Most of the transition difficulties were of a social nature, but the passion for the second major played an important role in facilitating the transition. The research proposes a new theoretical approach to understanding the motivations of this phenomena, based on the concept of the “social dilemma” as a “hidden structure” that constitutes a source of perceptions and practices associated with choosing a specialization (natural or social). The research recommends paying attention to the status of the social sciences and enhancing it socially and academically.

Arabic poetry expresses new poetic visions and artistic techniques, which are addressed with modern critical trends. Among these trends is semiotics, which appeared after the decline of structuralism, to occupy the forefront of modern critical studies, but it appeared in a new guise based on the approaches accompanying the poetic text, especially in the process of analysis and deconstruction. The text is based on procedural principles in order to reveal the deep level interested in studying the morphology and stabilizing its semantic value And semiology, which is similar to or contrasts with the surrounding signs in the field of discourse analysis. And to determine the extent to which Abdul-Ilah al-Yasiri’s poetry responded to the theories of semiotics, and to identify with its starting points and the extent of influence and influence whose features became clear in the texts of the poetic collection, in which the extents of change that occurred in the Arabic poem became clear, and the literary text is able to respond to the requirements of contemporary criticism.

The current study aimed to identify the correlation between psychological stress and marital compatibility among a sample of wives waiting for reunification in the city of Aleppo. The sample consisted of (200) wives waiting for reunification, and according to the age variable, their ages were chosen between (20 to 30) years or (older). From 30 years. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher used the psychological stress scale prepared by Abdul Rahman Al-Tariri (1991) and the marital compatibility scale prepared by the researcher (2018). The study reached the following results: There is a weak, statistically significant inverse relationship between psychological stress and marital compatibility among wives waiting for reunification in the city of Aleppo. There are no statistically significant differences in the psychological pressures of wives waiting for unification who are between the ages of (20 to 30) or (older than 30). On the other hand, there are differences in marital compatibility among wives waiting for reunification who are between (20 to 30) or (older than 30) in favor of wives who are between (20 to 30).

After introducing the assumption that religion exists in contemporary liberal societies by the German thinker Jürgen Habermas. The research proceeded into two aspects: the first was Habermas and the reasons for which he framed the moderation of religious belief, and the second aspect: the stages of development of Habermas’s thought for the moderation of religious belief, and the ways to reach its application in consensual ways established by the mind through dialogues and discussions to reach social consensus in order to end up with happiness. After all that, the conclusion was Which adopted a brief presentation of the religious intellectual principles and the results we reached.

The novel serves as a narrative representation of reality, with language playing a pivotal role in this literary portrayal. The narrative style is crucial in constructing and shaping the novel, allowing for the illumination of various aspects through linguistic presentation.
Women’s narrative constitutes a significant part of contemporary Arab literature, especially in the new Iraqi novel, where a rebellion against traditional narrative patterns is evident. Female novelists have emerged, addressing societal and women’s issues while depicting women in diverse roles and exploring emotional, economic, social, and political themes.
This study aims to elucidate the portrayal of Iraqi women in post-2003 Iraqi women’s narratives, using Hadiya Hussein’s novel “Ryam and Kafa” as a focal point. The novel delves into the image of women under male authority in Iraqi society, presenting two archetypes: women who resist male authority and those who submit to it. A common thread among these women is their shared experience of suffering and perceived failure due to male authority. The analysis employs a descriptive analytical method, centered on stylistic analysis, to uncover these portrayals.

The current study aimed to develop digital reading skills for sixth graders of primary school. Preparing a list of digital reading skills, and a digital reading test, and applying it before and after on a sample of (30) students from the sixth grade of primary school. In Arabic, there were statistically significant differences at the level (0.01) between the tribal and remote measurements in the mean scores of the digital reading skills test in favor of the post application. Sixth grade students. In light of these results, the research recommended paying attention to developing students' digital reading skills in line with the requirements of the age of technology.

Climatic factors are among the most important characteristics affecting the composition of theiraqi village in general , including the villages of the western region of Iraq , so this research came to highlight the importance these characteristics and their role in settling the components of the village . the village of Al – Sakra is located in the district of Anah on its southern outskirts , and it is an integrated village in terms of urbanism and population . therefore , the researcher relied on the descriptive approach and the statistical approach in writing the parts of the research of field study and analysis to reach a true picture of the village of Al – Sakra and the uses it contains , especially those that come into contact with the citizen and his daily life . field data was obtained related related to the population , internal structure , urbanization , and the natural characteristics that control it in light of the harsh climate surround it , the research has reached of conclusions , including that the climate has a major role in the settlement of agriculture , which was able to face its harshness . As for the building materials , they are mostly modern building materials due to the dominance of the environment through cooling devices and the provision of Electrical energy . the research recommended paying attention to the health center and introducing medical devices because they serve a large segment of the population , whether within the village or the neighboring one , as well as paving transtportation roads state support farmers , introducing modern mechanization in agriculture through surrounding the village .

The city of Al-Kadhimiya has been prominent throughout history due to the presence of the shrines of Imam Musa Al-Kadhim (peace be upon him) and Muhammad Al-Jawad (peace be upon him), making it a pilgrimage destination for Shia visitors from all over. Additionally, the presence of prominent religious authorities who played a significant and effective role in influencing the political situation in Iraq in general, and the Al-Kadhimiya community in particular, is notable.
Given the importance of Al-Kadhimiya, it was visited by several administrative inspectors during the period 1934-1937. The year 1934 was designated as the beginning of the research due to the availability of the inspection report in that year, while the end of the research was in 1937 due to the availability of sufficient information in this report as well. The inspectors' task was to inspect various aspects of the district and provide information about the administrative conditions, including the district governor and municipal council. Consequently, the research was divided into an introduction, three main sections, and a conclusion. The introduction provided a historical overview of Al-Kadhimiya, focusing on its situation during the British occupation of Iraq. The second section addressed the administrative conditions in Al-Kadhimiya, while the last section focused on understanding the service departments in the district, including the police, municipality, education, and health.
From this, we can conclude the importance of Al-Kadhimiya, which attracted the attention of administrative inspectors who visited and provided comprehensive reports, containing valuable information.
The research relied on thematic unity and chronological sequencing of events. It aims to answer several questions, including: What is the location of Al-Kadhimiya? Why is it named that? What was its stance towards the British occupation in 1914? Also, understanding the administrative conditions there, and addressing the security and health situation in Al-Kadhimiya.

The phenomenon of parsing is one of the most famous phenomena in the Arabic language, and Arabic is almost one of the very few languages that apply this characteristic. If parsing exists in other global languages, it is limited to specific cases and does not include the entire language. Parsing is the change in the movement of the final participle of a noun or present tense verb with a change in the grammatical position. Arabic scholars have been accused of inventing syllables, and they claim that it does not exist in ancient Arabic, nor in the Holy Quran. This research is an attempt to uncover the origins of parsing in the island languages.

This research examines the impact of constriction in the long meter in Arabic poetry, aiming to explore the permissible metrics within it. We utilized a scientific approach based on the straight-line theory and identified nine levels of metrics. Five of them are symmetrical, where the constriction occurs an even number of times, and four are asymmetrical, with an odd number of contractions in each verse. We provided poetic examples for each case and found that low-level metrics (without constriction and single contractions) are scarce in Arabic poetry. High-level metrics (seven contractions and eight contractions) are rare, while medium-level metrics (double constriction, triple constriction, quadruple constriction, quintuple constriction, hexuple constriction) are frequently found. Poets, regardless of their poetic purposes, cannot surpass these levels when using constriction in the long meter. The metrics of constriction in Arabic poetry that employs the long meter generally fall within the mentioned levels. Creativity and diversity in constriction usage within poem verses lead the poet from one aspect to another, depending on the frequency of constriction use and the effort exerted to express inner emotions. This research opens new horizons in the criticism of Arabic poetry.

The years after World War II are considered the most difficult in the history of European countries and the world, due to the political, economic and social crises that occurred during them. Since the United States of America was the most powerful country economically, it adopted the mission of famine relief for political motives that precede humanity. The Truman administration chose to Former President Herbert Hoover to take over that mission, this reason, the study attempts to shed light on the role played by Herbert Hoover in addressing the post-World War II food crisis through his chairmanship of the Famine Emergency Committee and his trip to Western European countries and the world in 1946 to determine the extent of food needs and explain ways to provide them, in addition to his economic mission to Germany. Western lands in 1947, and the solutions he proposed for their economic situation. The study reached several conclusions, the most important of which is that the role that Hoover played in the field of relief following the years of World War II was not new to him, but what distinguished him this time was that it coincided with the beginning of the permanent and eternal conflict between the socialist and capitalist camps, which naturally made his mission part of It is not part of this conflict. In addition, he was among the few American politicians and even Allied politicians who realistically looked at the extent of Germany's economic problems and their resulting consequences, and even tried, through his position, to find appropriate solutions to them.

The French colonizer's policy and the resulting massacres made up the ground from which the Algerian Patriotic Movement launched its military movement from the beginning of the occupation until the First World War. The National Movement sought to obtain rights in a political manner that might have produced a healing result, including the Algerian People's Party, which was subjected to various French denunciation until it was replaced by the Movement for the Victory of Democratic Freed Freedoms in 1946.
In this context, this research aims to highlight the various crises that have affected the Movement for the Triumph of Freedoms, which has paralysed the Algerian National Movement. Here, we have adopted a descriptive and analytical approach to the nature of these crises and their role in shaping military action.
This research concluded that the crises of the Liberties Victory Movement resulted in the emergence of the milestones of revolutionary thought espoused by a few independence fighters through crucial historical stations, through which the first nucleus of the paramilitary wing was formed.

Writing about the Kurdish history and the Kurdish personalities that have a large share in the history of modern and contemporary Iraq still requires a lot of research, analysis and departure from the usual in historical writing, especially Iraqi historians who may have books about the Kurdish movement in the absence of an independent Iraqi school. Some aspects of history that may not agree with the ruling institutions, especially since the establishment of the Iraqi state on August 23, 1921, and I am afraid to write about the true aspects of the Kurds' era in history, which gives the reader a true picture, apart from the exclusion and marginalization policy that has been applied to the Kurds for many years.
The importance of studying the struggle of Sheikh Mahmoud al-Hafid al-Thawri represents a central issue that seeks to understand the contributions of this prominent figure in the struggle against the British occupation, and through the analysis of the struggle, he raises the essential question: What are the achievements of Sheikh Mahmoud al-Hafid al-Thawri in the revolutionary struggle against the British occupation?
The conclusion of this study is that Britain found in al-Hafid the power that threatens the existence of forces and entities after the completion of the stages of the occupation of Iraq (1918-1914) and found the right opportunity to eliminate him after finding in him the personality that affects independence from cooperation with the British and Britain's attempt to exploit the wealth of the Kurdish regions, including oil. which will play a big role in the later historical era.