Journal of University of Babylon

The aim of the research is to find out the level of modern trends in the preparation of science teachers (biology) in accordance with the dimension of sustainable development by investigating their availability, byexploring the views of school principals and directorates in which science teachers are present, specializing in life sciences.
To achieve the research objective, a questionnaire consisting of (50) paragraphs distributed over (4) areas was prepared:
The technical dimension and the number of its paragraphs (10).
The environmental dimension and the number of its paragraphs (14).
The economic dimension and the number of its paragraphs (13).
The social dimension and the number of its paragraphs (13).
The questionnaire was presented to the arbitrators as calculated by the coefficient of honesty and consistency. The research sample consisted of (40) headmasters or headmistresses of a school. To indicate the availability of Sustainable Development Dimensions, the weighted mean and percentage weight of the questionnaire paragraphs were calculated after distributing the questionnaire to the research sample and calculating the repetitions for each paragraph and field.
The results have shown that most of the dimensions of sustainable development of teacher preparation are available to science teachers according to the estimates of the research sample school administrations of both sexes, and some paragraphs received low estimates, especially related to the technical and social fields of little or weak attention to them، and the results also showed the similarity of the views of administrations according to the gender variable with a small difference regarding the evaluation of the questionnaire paragraphs and the main components of the questionnaire and the estimates of school administrations for females were higher than for males for all paragraphs. In the light of the results of the research, a number of conclusions, recommendations and proposals were drawn up.

This study aimed at finding out the relationship between Iraqi EFL university students’ productive skills and the attention control strategies of focusing and shifting obstruction. The problem of this study can be expressed in this question: Is there a correlational relationship between Iraqi EFL university students’ attention control strategies and performance in productive skills? The research random sample consisted of (360) university students at English Departments in three Iraqi universities. A modified version of Derryberry and Reed’s Attention Control Scale (2004) was adapted to measure the subjects’ attention control strategies. Second language productive skills were measured by a constructed oral test (interview) for speaking, and a (250) word-essay task for writing. Statistical data analysis was carried out by using (SPSS). Results revealed a positive correlation coefficient between the subjects’ second language productive skills and both of the strategy of attention focus (at 0.589, with a computed t-value of 13.089) and the strategy of attention shifting obstruction (at 0.446, with a computed t-value of 9.911) at a significance rate of (0.05). Thus, this study concluded that attention control is a crucial factor in foreign language learning process since it helps students be more active in learning and developing language skills.

The importance of the research has emerged through the application of modern Geographic Information Systems and remote sensing data in building a geographical database of the aquarium, as the aquarium is one of the important basins in the study area because of its importance in agricultural uses, and the importance of the research lies in revealing the nature of the hydrological processes that operate in the basin and the resulting effects that lead to environmental imbalance, as well as the scarcity of water suffered by the region in the summer, rainwater management and ways to exploit it in agriculture, which has become one of the most important challenges we face today, and is one of the studies of spatial analysis using modern techniques. The study also aims to provide a picture of the nature of the shishin Valley Basin in the degradation and erosion of agricultural land soils, and to reveal the nature of this impact using remote sensing techniques and geographic information systems to determine the impact of erosion, as the ratios of hydrological risk levels for agricultural land erosion in the study area were very dangerous (21.76%), medium risk (38.86%) and low risk (13.95.(%

The importance and role of unilateral acts in forming the rules of customary international law lies in the fact that they may take the unilateral form in the field of legal legislation. They may come in the form of national legislation of a complementary nature to international agreements or pave the way for the purpose of implementing these agreements, or they may come in the form of unilateral action in the strict sense. For this word, it may also be issued by actions and actions of each country in isolation from others and considers it necessary to be respected by others, as this formula leads to some unilateral actions taking the form of international dealings carried out by some countries, which subsequently follows in a repeated and consistent manner and does not provoke any Negative reaction from other countries, which is the formula that leads to the formation of international custom.
Thus, customary international rules are considered one of the most important sources of public international law, because most of the rules of9 this law have acquired a global character and have become established in the international environment through customary rules, and thus reveal the factors of integration and cooperation that can occur between them, as the subject of international custom (customary international rules) ) is one of the topics that some researchers in the field of international law consider to be among the most important foundations of this law. Some treaties may generally suffice with providing provisions and principles that must be developed and supplemented by customary international rules or by the internal laws of states. This is what is called unilateral action within the scope of Customary international law.

This research means studying (the realistic content of the artistic form in pottery works from the era of the Sumerian-Akkadian revival) and trying to learn the extent to which pottery works from the era of the Sumerian-Akkadian revival are characterized by realism. The research may include four chapters, the first chapter of which is divided to explain the problem of the research, its importance, the need for it, its goal, its limits, and its definition. Terms that refer to it. The research problem was defined by examining the most important artistic features of pottery pieces from the era of the Sumerian-Akkadian revival. The research problem was limited to the following question:
Is it a character built in artistic works from the era of the Sumerian-Akkadian revival based on realistic content, or is it abandoned in the formal rhythm of what could be?
But the goal is to search for the realistic content of the art form in the field of pottery works from that era.
The second chapter includes two sections: the first deals with studying the concept of realism, while the second deals with form in art in the arts of ancient Iraq, and then comes up with indicators related to the research topic. The third chapter includes research procedures, with regard to the fourth chapter with the results of the research on productions.

The goal of teaching biology at various levels is to develop the mental abilities of students, and to awaken their love for biological exploration and learning concepts, which are of great importance not only because they represent knowledge but also produce it. Therefore, concepts have received increasing interest among educators and psychologists who research teaching concepts and based on Teaching science according to modern methods that exclude the teaching of information and are concerned with acquiring concepts, which are among the modern trends in teaching science, which have led to the development of effective educational models. Therefore, the researcher decided to study the effect of Jordan's model on the acquisition of biological concepts among second-year intermediate school students in biology. The researcher conducted equivalence between the two research groups and encouraged the Gordon model to participate in understanding biological vocabulary. The researcher suggested conducting similar studies to study the effect of the Gordon model on other dependent variables such as scientific thinking, scientific trends, etc.

The problem of the study is represented in monitoring the trends of the communicator towards employing artificial intelligence techniques within newsrooms in Saudi media institutions, and to identify the extent to which media institutions adopt these technologies, and how to benefit from them in serving and developing the journalistic work environment, and to identify the factors affecting the acceptance of the communicator’s use of technologies of artificial intelligence and the rates of their use of it, to reach the trends of the communicator towards employing artificial intelligence techniques in Saudi media institutions. The study’s procedures required the use of the media survey method, depending on the questionnaire tool, to be applied to a sample of media professionals, amounting to 170 respondents. This study has several results, But the most common result is the awareness of the communicator of the importance of employing the technical requirements for employing artificial intelligence techniques within newsrooms. The study also provided a number of recommendations, perhaps the most prominent of which are: strengthening the infrastructure of media institutions to enable artificial intelligence techniques and employing them in a required way and paying attention to developing curricula and training in proportion to the media journalist market, and the requirements of artificial intelligence journalism, due to the importance of the professional performance of the communicator.

The research is concerned with studying the technical transformations in the works of artist Mahmoud Al-Obaidi through examining the meanings of technical transformations. The current research consists of four chapters. The first chapter deals with the research design: the research problem realized by the following question: What are the technical transformations in the works of artist Mahmoud Al-Obaidi? In addition to the importance of research and the need for it. The research aims to identify the technical transformations in the works of artist Mahmoud Al-Obaidi. As for the limits, the research is limited to the period of studying technical transformations in terms of topics (cultural - political - social) and how the artist represents them in form and content. The second chapter introduces the theoretical framework and some previous related studies, with the first section examining the concept of technology and mechanisms of transformation. The second section deals with: Technical transformations in the work of the artist Mahmoud Al-Obaidi. The chapter ends with the indicators that result from the theoretical framework, The third chapter explains the research procedures, which includes defining the research community according to the temporal and spatial limits. The research sample is chosen intentionally and, as for the research tool, the researcher rely on the indicators that have resulted from the theoretical framework, then the research methodology and sample analysis. The fourth chapter mentions the results, conclusions, and recommendations, Proposals, footnotes and sources.

This research is concerned with studying the Aesthetics of the Artistic Form in the Ancient Civilizations of Iraq and Egypt. Art in ancient civilizations in general witnessed a series of artistic developments in many concepts that had an impact on the differences in artistic methods in the civilization of ancient Iraq and Egypt, which relied on human efforts to discover a method that employs the various realistic forms with the meanings and connotations they carry. The research was divided into four chapters. The first specialized in the research problem, its importance, the need for it, its purpose, its limits, and defining the terms contained therein, while the research problem dealt with the subject of the study “Aesthetics of the Artistic Form in the Ancient Civilization of Iraq and Egypt,” an analytical study, which was summed up by the question. of What are the aesthetics of the artistic form in the civilization of ancient Iraq and Egypt? An analytical study that includes, the second chapter, two sections, the first concerned with the aesthetics of the artistic form in the ancient civilization of Iraq, while the second concerned with the aesthetics of the artistic form in the civilization of ancient Egypt. This chapter included a presentation of the indicators of the theoretical framework, and the third chapter concerned the research procedures, in what specialized Chapter Four: The results and conclusions of the research were:
First: results
1- The artist in ancient Iraqi civilization relied on the realistic, aesthetic form, including a more comprehensive and philosophical vision of reality.
2- The Egyptian artist’s artistic form is concerned with the aesthetic aspect that supports what surrounds and enhances the mutual aesthetic relationship through the head and body that face the viewer.
Second: Conclusions
1- The artist relied on form in his collections and became more interested in topics of a social nature. The art form strengthened the relationship between the artist and the recipient
2- The religious influence had a prominent role in the formation; Because it made Egyptian statues of little variety and pose.

This study aims to find out how watching cartoons affects the development of aggressive behavior among primary school pupils from the point of view of their parents and the educational personnel by employing the grounded theory methodology. The study has found out that the contents of cartoons provide the pupil with perceptions and dreams that embody imagination far from lived reality. It is also found that frequently watching cartoons leads pupils to take as models some characters that promote violence. Additionally, pupils will use phrases and words that contradict our values and contradict the nature of our Arab society. The study has also found that cartoons make the pupil use violence as if it were acceptable behavior, especially for the pupil who does not distinguish between reality and imagination and feels as if life consists of violence, destruction, and crime, so he practices it with his classmates in the street, at school, or with his family at home. Moreover, the longer the pupils watch cartoons, the more they employ inappropriate behaviour while speaking.

The concept of inevitability is represented in theatrical texts that adopt the problems of social and environmental reality with their intellectual, economic, social, and ideological trends. The research included four chapters، the first chapter tackled with the methodological framework of the research problem, which was briefed by the following question: What are the most important features of inevitability in the Iraqi theatrical text? while the importance of the research and the need for it began by highlighting the concept of inevitability in the international and Iraqi theatrical text, and the goal of the research was briefed in identifying the concept of inevitability in the Iraqi theatrical text, this chapter included (the limits of the research), which were determined by the time period from (2013-2017), and the location of the Iraqi theatrical texts. The chapter was concluded by defining the terms and defining them linguistically, terminologically, and procedurally.
The second chapter (the methodological framework) included two sections. In the first section, the researcher studied inevitability cognitively, which included five axes, the first of which included essence and origi, and then philosophically, psychologically, and socially. The fifth axis included the types of inevitability, during which the researcher reviewed the points of view of scientists, their opinions, and theories of inevitability varied according to their scientific and humanitarian specializations. While the researcher studied in the second section the study of the use of inevitability in the international and Arab theatre, especially the Iraqi one, in order to carefully monitor the manner in which the features of inevitability were dealt with in the theatrical text (internationally-Arabic). The researcher then concluded the most important indicators that resulted from the theoretical framework. As for the third chapter, which is (the procedural chapter), the research community was determined, and its sample was chosen intentionally while the analysis tool, the indicators that resulted from the theoretical framework were relied upon, and the descriptive (analytical) approach was used to analyze the sample models.
The fourth chapter included the results, some of them were:
1- The play (Jaaban) by Abdul Karim Al-Amiri contained the laws of inevitability, including causality, which requires that every phenomenon in nature is inevitable with causes and consequences، due to the harsh conditions that the individual lives in, which are full of wars, and because of which the individual’s behavior is formed.
2- Environmental inevitability was explained in the play (Jaaban) which is one of the types of inevitability, which has a great impact on the individual if the environment suffers harm, it necessitates his life because it is in control of a person’s life, directing him according to its laws, then conclusions، recommendations, and proposals, so that the research ends with a list of references.

إنّ هذا البحث هو محاولة لاستجلاء التناص نظرياً، ومن ثمّ رصد استعمالاته التطبيقيّة في شعر محسن الموسوي، إذ سيذكر الباحثان من خلال قراءة وتحليل نتاجه الشعري التناص الديني، بعدّه تقانة فنية إبداعيّة مهمّة ساهمت بشكل فاعل في أدق تفاصيل بنيته التركيبية والدلالية، ثم التناص التاريخي القائم على استجلاء الأحداث التي وظفها في الشعر، متمنياً أن يجد هذا البحث رواجاً في الدراسات النقدية، وأن يكون إضافة في فهم هذا المصطلح وأساليب توظيفه في النصوص الشعرية الحديثة.