The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine

This study was designed to investigate the effect of dill (Anethum graveolens) seeds in mitigating the complications of induced diabetes mellitus such as nephropathy of adult female rabbits. Thirty adult female rabbits were randomly assigned to 5 equal groups and treated daily for 45 days as follows: Control group (C) drenched tap water, control group intubated orally with 700 mg/kg B.W ethanolic extract of dill (T1), diabetic group drenched tap water (T2), diabetic group intubated orally700 mg/kg B.W of dill (T3) and diabetic group treated with insulin injection 3 I.U S/C (T4). Blood samples were collected by heart puncture at 0 and 45 days of experiment to assess renal efficiency: Serum creatinine, serum urea, and serum glutathione (GSH). The results indicated that diabetes mellitus without treatment group (T2) caused renal damage manifested by significant (P<0.05) increase in creatinine, urea and significant (P<0.05) decrease in serum glutathione (GSH) concentration. Oral intubation of alcoholic extract of dill seeds in diabetic treated group (T3) improved renal function through significant (P<0.05) decrease in serum urea, creatinine, and significant (P<0.05) increase in serum glutathione concentration (GSH). It was concluded that alcoholic extract of dill seeds was effective in reducing the complications of diabetes mellitus such as nephropathy.

This study focuses on diagnosis of Clostridium difficile causing Antibiotic – Associated diarrhea and colitis by Elisa method and to detect of C. difficile Toxin A and B in stool samples by Elisa test. Two hundred forty (240) stool samples were collected from children suffering from antibiotic- associated diarrhea and Colitis cases at ages from after birth to 15 years old from Baghdad hospitals. Samples were taken during the period of first of June 2013 until the end of April 2014. In addition to that 80 samples from healthy children of the same age and sex as a control group. Clostridium difficile Toxin A and B in stool samples were detected. Results of this study indicated that females were more infected than males. Overall positivity was 21.25% in present studied group compared to controls (P<0.05). In conclusion, the majority percent from age <1year 15% and this percent decreased with the advance in age.

The aim of the present work is to determine the hematological parameters in clinically normal local breed goats. The study was conducted on 130 goats (40 males of them 20 bucks and 20 buck kids and 90 females of them 20 doe kids, 20 dry does, 25 pregnant and 25 lactating does) aged 6 months-4 years in AL-Najaf province-Iraq. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein into EDTA tubes during October 2013 untill February 2014. Results showed that the ranges and means ±SE of blood picture were as follows; packed cell volume (PCV) 26-40% and 31.8±0.32%, Hemoglobin (Hb) 8-14.3g/dL and 10.3±0.13 g/dL, Red blood cell (RBC) 10.6-17×106/μL and 13.3±0.14×106/μL, Mean cell volume (MCV) 18.4-32.5 fL and 23.9±0.14 fL, Mean cell Hemoglobin (MCH) 5.5-8.8 and 7.7±0.05 pg, Mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) 28.3-36.9 g/dL and 32.4±0.15 g/dL, Erythrocyte sedimentation (ESR) 1-10 mm/ 24h and 4.1±0.14 mm/ 24h, White blood cell count (WBC) 5500-15900/μL and 10732±242/μL, Lymphocyte (L) 2772-10172/μL and 6080±149 /Μl, neutrophils (N) 1863-8680/μL and 4112±121/μL, monocytes 57.0-622/μL and313±11/μL, eosinophil’s 0-918/μL and 222±14/μL, basophils 0±0/μL and 0±0/μL, L/N ratio 0.4-3.8 and 1.5±0.04, respectively. There was a significant (P<0.05) increase in PCV, Hb, RBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC and no difference in ESR,WBC, DLC and L/N ratio between males and females. However, significant (P<0.05) differences in most hematological parameters of sub groups have been recorded. In conclusion the present data recorded the reference values of hematological parameters in clinically healthy local breed goats with a significant difference between males and females as well as in normal subgroups.

The current research aimed at obtaining principal data on the morphological developmental changes that could occur during the post hatching periods in the female genital system of the Indigenous Mallard ducks and to conduct that twenty (immature and mature) ducks were used. Gross findings have revealed that the left ovary in 4 weeks sold ducklings appeared small triangular in shape, located at the dorsal part of coelom in contact caudally with the cranial division of the left kidney and cranially with left lung. In 8 and 12 weeks the left ovary has enlarged showed prominent granular surface. The left oviduct appeared as thin, translucent straighten tube with unapparent regions fixed by a thin doubled folds of oviductal ligament and ureter. In mature and laying ducks, the left ovary was large and irregular in shape, and showed numerous follicles of different developmental stages. The mature and laying left oviduct was fully developed into six well distinguished regions (infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus, junction region and vagina). The present study has concluded that the first twelve weeks of post hatching periods had similar morphological features and showed inert genital organs which were not completely differentiated, while the age of twenty four weeks revealed completely differentiated female genital organs with sexual activity.

The aim of this study is to explain the effect of Ethanolic extract 70% of Metracaria chamomella on some physiological parameters in male rabbits. Twelve adult male rabbits were used in this study and were divided equally into two groups: First group was control (C) and received normal saline for four weeks, the second group (Treated group) was intubated orally with ethanolic extract of Metracaria chamomella in a dose 70 mg/kg B.W. for four weeks. Blood samples were collected by heart puncture from each animal at the end of experiment. Blood sample was divided into a part for hematological study and a part for biochemical analysis. The value of serum urea, and creatinine were reduced in animals that received Metracaria chamomella extract at dose of 70 mg/ kg B.W. as compared with the control group. Significant decrease in serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activity was observed in Metracaria treated animal as compared with the control group. This study explained that there was significant increase in serum total protein, serum albumin and serum globulin in treated animals as compared with the control group. The value of total cholesterol, serum triacylglycerol, serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration were reduced significantly in animal received Metracaria chamomella extract while the high density lipoprotein cholesterol was elevated significantly as compared with control group. While the effect of Metracaria chamomella extract on blood picture showed no changes in red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value but showed significant decrease in platelet count, and significant increase in white blood cell count as compared with control group. Over all this study explained that Metracaria chamomella extract had Reno protective and hypolipidimic effect in male rabbit.

A research was carried out to detect Brucella antibodies of sheep and goats in Al-Sulaimanya governorate by using modified Rose Bengal test and indirect ELISA. A total of three hundred and eleven (311) whole blood samples (160 sheep and 151 goats) were collected randomly from eight different regions in Al-Sulaimanya governorate from unvaccinated flock with different ages. A total percentages of positive result by using modified Rose Bengal test was 14.46% (20% in sheep and 8.6% in goats), while by using indirect ELISA was 27.6% (35.2% in sheep and 19.2% in goats) with significant (P<0.05) differences. It revealed that rates to modified Rose Bengal test were 14.34% in female and 10.09% in males while to indirect ELISA 26.35% in female and 33.9% in males in sheep and goats, In conclusion of this study the high seroprevelence was at 1-3 years 19.2% and ˃3 years 33.96% according to modified Rose Bengal test and indirect ELISA, respectively.

This study is carried out to determine the prevalence of abomasal nematodes of slaughtered sheep in AL-Kut province from the beginning of October 2013 to the March 2014. A total of 450 abomasum from sheep with different ages and sexes were collected and examined for nematodes detection. The results showed that 311 samples of examined sheep abomasal were infected with Haemonchus contortus. Ostertigia spp. and Parabronema skrjabini and the highest level of prevalence was showed in December (100%) and lowest level was recorded in March (43.47%) and the percentage of infected in young animals (92.35%) compared with adults while the females revealed a high prevalence (75.37%) as compared with males (66.5%). In conclusion, there was a significant effects for the month's ages and sexes on the prevalence of abomasal nematodes parasites.

The aim of the study is to compare the histological changes that occur in the sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglion at L6 and L7 levels of the spinal nerve in different age groups in rabbits. Fifteen rabbits were divided into three groups of equal number according to their age (weaning, maturation and adult). Dorsal root ganglion of spinal nerve at L6 and L7 levels were removed and examined histologically under light microscope. Comparison were made in diameters of neurons and their numbers in different age. The results showed a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the number of sensory neurons and a significant (P<0.05) increase in their diameters with advancing age. In conclusion, the structures of sensory neurons are altering by the age factors in which morphology, number, and color of neurons change also.

This study conducted to find out the protective role of ethanolic extract of Eruca sativa leaves against the deleterious effect of hydrogen peroxide on some aspect of male reproduction in adult rats. Forty adult male rats were randomly assigned into four equal groups as follows: control group received tap water (untreated); group T1 were received tap water containing 0.5% H2O2; group T2 were received tap water containing 0.5% H2O2 plus administration of 300 mg/kg. B.W. ethanolic extract of Eruca sativa leaves and group T3 administration ethanolic extract of Eruca sativa leaves only at the same dose of group T2. All treatments continued for 60 days. At the end of the experiment, samples of tests and epididymis tissues were taken to prepare histological sections for measurement the diameter of seminiferous tubules, thickness of epithelial cells of seminiferous tubules and histological examination of testes and epididymis. The results in Group T1 showed a significant decrease in the diameter and thickness of epithelial cells of seminiferous tubules, but these parameters clarified a significant increase in T2 and T3 groups as compared with T1 group. Histological sections of testis and epididymis in group T1 revealed incomplete spermatogenesis, cell debris, vacculation of Sertoli cells and view sperms in the lumen of seminiferous tubules and epididymis. Besides, normal obvious histological architecture of seminiferous tubules and epididymis with complete spermatogenesis were shown in sections of testis and epididymis of T2 and T3 groups' as compared to T1. In conclusion, hydrogen peroxide may impair spermatogenesis, furthermore, the results confirm the protective role of E. sativa leaves extract against oxidative stress induced by H2O2 in rats.

This research aimed at studying the effect of different concentration of hydroalcoholic leaves extract of Datura stramonium concentration against pathogenic Candida albicans isolated from clinical cases of diarrhea in cows and dogs in Baghdad province. Hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of Datura stramonium were prepared in different concentrations for In vitro and In vivo study against Candida albicans. In vitro test includes the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.12 and 1.75mg/1ml), and it was found that the minimum inhibitory concentration was 3.12 mg/1ml. Whereas the in vivo test was performed for the determination of sensitivity test of Candida albicans in concentration of plant 10, 15 and 20 mg/1ml which was compared with same concentration of Nystatin. The study was performed in seven groups of mice according to different concentrations. The infective dose of Candida albicans was 1X108, which was proved by histopathology changes after eight day. The result obtained from invivo study revealed that after the end of the therapeutic period that lasted for 8 days. Confirm the efficacy of Datura stramonium extract at 20% as a treatment for mice infected with Candida albicans.

The present study aims at using the biological techniques in a genotoxicity assessment of low doses of radiation in samples of workers in Al-Tuwaitha site due to decommissioning to radioactive contamination as a result of work. This study included 50 male blood samples, aged 35 - 63 years as well as 35 blood samples from non-smokers and non-alcoholic as control group which included 25 male and 10 female aged 25 -57 years. The endpoints used were sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) mutation assay. The sister chromatid exchange in the human lymphocyte for radiation worker was significantly (P<0.05) higher than in the control group. While the results of mutation for HPRT were non-significant when compared with the control group. In conclusion, the results indicated the possibility of using the changes in sister chromatid exchange as useful biomarkers for the detection of human exposure to ionizing radiation. In conclusion, the increase frequencies of sister chromatid exchange in radiation workers indicate the cumulative effect of low-level chronic exposure to ionizing radiation.

This research aimed at identifying the relationship of iron-deficiency anemia caused by insufficient dietary intake and the iron-deficiency anemia caused by parasitic worms such as hookworms. Whole blood was drawn from 40 specimens; 20 males and 20 females, normal healthy controls with age ranges 8-50 year. Blood samples were collected from 80 patients with symptoms of anemia, with age range from 10-50 year. After fecal examination, they were divided into two groups: Group one, iron-deficiency anemia with non-parasitic; and group two, iron-deficiency anemia with parasitic. Blood samples were divided into two container, one for the hemoglobin, other for serum ferritin and elements of iron, zinc in tubes without anticoagulants. Results demonstrated a significant decrease in the levels of serum iron, serum ferritin, and hemoglobin in male and female patients (in group one without parasitic worms) as compared with control groups. Furthermore (in two groups with and without parasitic worms), a significant decrease in the level of serum zinc in male and female patients as compared with control group. A significant decrease in the levels of serum iron, ferritin and hemoglobin were observed in male and female patients with iron-deficiency anemia caused by parasitic hookworms compared with control group. The worm burden was classified as light, moderate and heavy as estimated by egg counts per gram of faeces, so results showed the median increase with developing of iron deficiency anemia from parasitic hookworms.

Pigeonpox virus was isolated from severe cases of avipoxvirus infection affecting 64 pigeons in Ba'aquba of Diyala governarate. The virus grew well on chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryos of 11-12 days old, and produced typical pock lesions. Histopathological sections of infected tissue samples revealed typical pox lesions. The virus was identified as Pigeonpox virus using of specific hyper immune serum and indirect immuno-flourescent and indirect immuno-peroxidase tests. The virus agglutinated RBCs of pigeon, fowl, turkey and duck. Experimental infection in pigeons produced moderate infection as compared to the diseased birds, while in chicken the virus produced mild infection.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cellular immune responses of salt-Extractable Brucella abortus S19 antigens with immunoadjuvant soluble βeta-glucan in BALB/C mice later challenged with B. abortus virulent strain. The 0.72mg/ml of SEBA was used according to the results obtained from experiment to determine the macrophages Nitric oxide production and delayed type hypersensitivity test. One hundred BALB/C mice were divided into four groups. G1 were injected i.p with 0.2 ml of saline, G2 were vaccinated S.C with 0.1ml (108 CFU/mouse) of B. abortus S19, G3 were vaccinated i.p. with 0.2 ml of salt-Extractable Brucella abortus S19 antigens and G4 were vaccinated i.p. with 0.2 ml of salt-Extractable Brucella abortus S19 antigens and 0.2ml βeta glucan. At 27 days after immunization the delayed type hypersensitivity test was conducted with the significant (P<0.05) an increase in the foot pad thickness of the G4 as compared to G3, G2 and G1. At day 30 of immunization all remaining mice were i.p. challenged with 0.2ml of 1x104 CFU/ml B. abortus virulent strain. The log10 CFU/spleen count was demonstrated at day 7 and 14 after challenge; G2, G3 and G4 recorded low bacterial count with a significant difference (P<0.01) as compared to the control. In conclusion, this study indicated that immunized mice with salt-Extractable Brucella abortus S19 antigens and β-glucan were effective vaccine, the activated innate immunity was an important key to activate the protective Th1 responses through a significant decrease in the bacterial splenic count after challenge.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of force 6 poultry (conc.) in Log. of infectious bursal disease Virus on tissue culture and Virus, on Virus alone and on tissue culture alone. Different concentrations (0.5, 12.5, 25 and 50 µg/ml) were used to consider the anti-viral activity. The result showed effect of force 6® poultry (conc.) in Log. of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus. On tissue culture and Virus, the results revealed higher value with more significant (P˂0.05) differences at concentration (0.5 µg/ml) than other concentrations and control; On Virus alone, it showed more significant (P˂0.05) differences at concentration (0.5 µg/ml) than concentration (50 µg/ml) which showed less value of Virus growth. And on tissue culture alone (chicken embryo fibroblast) it showed lesser value and significant (P˂0.05) differences than other concentrations. In conclusion, the main changes in tissue culture explained at concentration (0.5, 25 and 50 µg/ml) but not (12.5 µg/ml and control). This group also were more affected on Virus titer when compared with other than two groups (tissue culture and Virus and Virus alone).

Fifty seven out of ninety bovine milk samples were collected from different areas inside and nearby Baghdad which were positive for Bacillus cereus. The isolates were checked on chromogenic Bacillus cereus agar which was specific for detection of B. cereus colonies. The colony appearance, gram stain, spore stain and oxidase lipase monitol catalase tests were carried out to identify this bacterium. Bacteriocin extracted from Lactobacillus acidophilus was used as a tool to control the growth of undesirable B. cereus growth as spoilage and pathogenic bacteria as well as to keep the food more acceptable and safe to consumer. The results of this study showed that bacteriocin (LAK) had 8 a bactericidal effect against B. cereus in refrigeration and room temperatures at pH 4, 7 and 9, respectively. High potency of bacteriocin (LAK) was confirmed by minimum inhibitory concentration at 30, 60 and 120 minutes. It was found that the zone of inhibition of B. cereus by bacteriocin at 4°C and pH 7 was 26 mm. The present study revealed that bacteriocin was highly effective against locally isolated B. cereus.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of injection hatching eggs with different doses of vitamin E on productive traits, some physiological and immune response to Newcastle disease vaccine. Two hundred fertile eggs of broiler breeder Ross (308) strain were incubated in automatic incubator machine after divided into four treatments (50 eggs per treatment) with two replicates. First treatment was injected 0.1ml/egg of phosphate buffer sterile into amniotic fluid at day 18th of incubation which it was considered as control group, second treatment was injected with 0.1ml/egg of inactivated Newcastle disease vaccine, third treatment was injected with 0.1ml/egg of inactivated Newcastle disease vaccine and 0.1 ml/egg of vitamin E, fourth treatment was injected with 0.1ml/egg of inactivated Newcastle disease vaccine and 0.15 ml/egg of vitamin E. All injected eggs were carried back into incubator for complete hatching process. Hatched chicks were transferred to the hall in farm of the Veterinary Medicine College/University of Baghdad; therefore, the chicks were distributed into four treatments with two replicates depending on the previously treated groups until fifth week of age. The results revealed that the treated groups with vitamin E were significantly (P≤0.05) increased in hatchability percentage, body weight, weight gain, as well as significant reduce in feed intake and improvement in feed conversion ratio as compared with second group and control, the results of third group showed significantly increased (P≤0.05) in antibody titers against Newcastle disease virus at aged (21 and 35) day as compared with the other treated groups and control.

This study was designed to investigate the effects of the addition of different ratios of sunflower oil to the diet of Awasi ewes on the rumen fermentation and milk composition. It was conducted by using 12 Awassi ewes (2-3.5 years old) with average body weight 56.62 kg. The ewes were randomly divided into three groups. Each group had four ewes according to the age, body weight and milk yield. The ewe in each group received 1.4 kg/ dry matter for three rations consisting of barley, wheat bran, soybean meal and alfalfa hay. The first group was fed on control ration, while 2.5 and 5 % of sunflower oil were included in the rations of the second and third groups, respectively. The results showed that the treatments had no significant effect on the average body weight, milk production and milk composition (lactose, protein and SNF percentage). Milk Fat percentage was significantly (P<0.05) decreased in second and third groups (4.30 ±0.31 and 4.23 ±0.40) %, respectively as compared with the control group (5.89 ±0.53 %). The pH value of rumen liquor in hours (0 and 3) after feeding showed no significant differences between groups, also there were no significant differences in the volatile fatty acid and ammonia concentration in the rumen liquor in all groups, despite that the volatile fatty acid decreased insignificantly in all treated groups as compared with the control group after feeding. The blood parameters were not affected by the experimental treatments. These results indicated that the fermentation patterns were affected by the increased oil supplementation to the diet of ewes.

This study dealt with the toxic effect of the Ficuscarical latex experimentally in mice where the minimal lethal dose was calculated after intraperitoneal injection of Ficuscarical (30 mg/kg body weight), then four dilutions from the Ficuscarical material (1, 3, 4 and 5 mg/kg body weight) were tested. Four groups of mice, every group injected by one of these concentration (intraperitoneal by 0.2 ml/daily for 30 days), then the animals were euthanized. Gross lesions examination there were congestion, hemorrhage in kidney, liver, intestine and splenomegaly. The histopathological study also done for these formerly mentioned organs which showed hepatic and renal blood vessels hemorrhage and congestion, hydropic degeneration and necrosis of renal tubules and hepatocytes. There was dilatation of red pulp as well as accumulation of hemosidrin pigment and amyloid infiltration in spleen. The second aspect of experiment compare the effect of the FC latex with phytohemagglutinin and colchicin on human lymphocytes in vitro, which were cultured in ratio by doing 6 two fold dilutions of Ficuscarical material (31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 μg/ ml of culture medium). The resutlts showed that the 125 concentration up to high concentration of Ficuscarical had toxic effect on lymphocytes whereas, mitotic index were 0.13%, 0.2% for concentration of 62.5 and 31.25, respectively. Lymphoblasts mitotic index for two previous concentration were equal to 15%, 18%, respectively which was less than that recorded for phytohemagglutinin where the mitotic index was 0.6 and lymphoblasts mitotic index was 35%. In vitro study included comparison effect of different concentration of Ficuscarical latex on human lymphocyte during studying mitotic index, blastogenic index to phytohemagglutinin and colchicines. The Ficuscarical material does not act like colchicine for all concentration used in this study which were equal to same concentrations were used when compared with phytohemagglutinin. In conclusions, ficus latex had toxic effects on some organs of mice and was not inhibited blood lymphocytes growth, unlike colchicine and had stimulatory effects on human lymphocytes at low concentrations and toxic effect at high concentrations.

This study conducted to investigate the validity of the three species of frozen fish imported to Iraq a whole trout fish “Oncorhynchus mykiss” “mersin” mark, catfish without head Pangasius hypophthalmus “sayad” mark and catfish fillets (same species) “fakher” mark which purchased from three areas in Baghdad, Amiriya, Adhamiya and Baya through chemical and qualitative analysis of the frozen fish samples as it has been estimating the percentage of moisture, protein, fat, ash, the amount of contaminated metals (A copper and lead) and find out the amount of histamine. The results showed that the moisture content of the samples of whole trout fish were 72.06± 0.33, 72.00±0.31 and 71.86± 0.23 % in Adhamiya, Amiriya and Baya respectively, But in the catfish without head were 76.14± 0.29, 75.57 ± 0.23 and 74.88± 0.25% in Baya, Amiriya and Adhamiya, respectively, where catfish fillets 81.30 ± 1.20, 80.33± 1.21 and 80.30± 1.24% in Baya, Adhamiya, Amiriya respectively. The percentages of protein for whole trout fish samples 21.50 ±0.17, 21.25 ±0.19 and 21.18± 0.21 % in Adhamiya, Baya and Ameriya respectively, and in the catfish without head 17.55± 0.11, 17.51 ±0.10 and 17.31 ±0.10 % in Adhamiya, Amiriya and Baya respectively, while they were in catfish fillets 16.81± 0.11, 16.75± 0.14 and 16.67± 0.14 % in Baya, Amiriya and Adhamiya, respectively. The results also showed that the samples were free of lead contamination but the amount of copper for the whole trout fish were 1.55± 0.02, 1.41± 0.08 and 1.29± 0.10 mg\kg in Amiriya, Adhamiya and Baya respectively, and in catfish without head 1.31± 0.17, 1.04± 0.14 and 0.87± 0.01 mg\kg in Baya, Adhamiya and Amiriya respectively, but in the catfish fillets were 1.50± 0.13, 1.29± 0.06 and 1.18± 0.13 mg\kg in Adhamiya, Amiriya and Baya respectively. The results indicated that the histamine in whole trout fish were 7.84± 0.38, 7.69± 0.33 and 7.55± 0.40 mg\kg in Adhamiya, Amiriya and Baya respectively, but in catfish without head 9.43± 1.10, 8.06± 0.64 and 5.93± 0.31 mg\kg in Adhamiya, Baya and Ameriya respectively, while in the catfish fillets were 5.85± 0.12, 5.55± 0.09 and 5.51± 0.07 mg\kg in Adhamiya, Amiriya and Baya respectively. In conclusion of this study, the results of chemical and qualitative tests of some frozen fish samples imported to Iraq have proven the validity of the studied samples for human consumption after comparing them with the values of the standard specifications of the Iraqi and international adopted.

The present study designed in fish diseases laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine/Baghdad University for a period between 1/3 to 1/6/2013 to investigate the toxicity of the herbicide glyphosate aqua on Barbus sharpeyi fish. Fish ranged between 10-15g. in weight were used to measure the (LC50), fingerlings were used to determine the acute and chronic toxic effect for the herbicide. The fingerlings were randomly distributed as 10 fish for each aquarium. Fish were divided into four treated and control group (without addition of herbicide). The first and second treated groups were exposed to 0.415mg/l of the herbicide for 90 and 15 days respectively, while fishes in the third and fourth treated groups were exposed to 0.207mg/l of the herbicide for 90 days and 15 days respectively. The present study aims to determine the effect of the pesticide on the number of red blood, white blood, hemoglobin concentration and the ratio of the number of packed cells volume, as well as to identify the small number of nuclei red blood cells in the experimental fish. The results of blood picture for the experimental fish showed that there are significant differences (P˂0.05) in the first and third treatments compared with the control group. The first treatment showed a significant decrease (P˂0.05) in the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin, and the percentage of the size of the compacted blood cells as well as the sharp rise in the number of white blood cells compared to the rest of the treatments and the control group. The results of the experiment reveal an improvement in the health status of the second and fourth treatments. In conclusion of this study the greater the concentration of pesticide Glyphosate Aqua, it would have a negative impact on the blood parameters for fish, and could improve the health status of the Bunni when improving environmental conditions for fish and removes exposure to a pesticide.

This study was conducted to explore the adding effect of enzymatic antioxidants Catalase, and glutathione reduced and their combinations to Tris extender on freezing ability of Holstein bulls for different periods. Seven Holstein bulls of 2.5-3 years old were used in this study. Semen was collected via artificial vagina at once ejaculate/ bull/ week. The fresh semen was pooled and then equally divided for various treatments within each experiment using Tris extender. The first experiment was considered as control group. In the second experiment, catalase was added and in the third experiment, glutathione reduced were added separately with the concentrations of 100 IU and 0.2 mM/ml, respectively and as binary combinations of them using similar singular concentrations in fourth experiment. The effect of these adding on freezing ability of Holstein bulls on different cryopreservation periods after 48 Hrs., 1, 2 and 3 months were studied. The results showed that in the second experiment where Catalase added exhibited highly (P<0.01) freezing ability percentage and during all preservation periods in compared with control group. In third experiment, addition of glutathione reduced to Tris extender has improved (P<0.01) in freezing ability during the whole preservation periods in comparison with control group. Considerable increasing (P<0.01) in freezing ability percentage was observed in fourth experiment following addition the combinations of Catalase, and glutathione reduced to Tris extender during all cryopreservation periods in comparison with control group. In conclusion of this study, the addition of some enzymatic antioxidants Catalase and glutathione reduced and their combinations led to improved freezing ability of Holstein bulls during different cryopreservation periods, or may lead to increase the fertility rate among the cows and then increase the economic return for owners.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of salt feeding on some physiological parameters in common carp (Cyprinus carpio), where food salt was used in the diets formulation in ratios: 1, 3 and 5 % beside the control diet which was free of salt, each of diet represented treatment with three replications. The effect of salt concentration sodium and potassium ions in blood plasma and packed cell volume were studied. 200 common carp fish were used, trial fish was distributed on 12 glass tanks as 6 fish /tank at average weight 30 ±10 gm. The results of physiological parameters, showed that sodium concentrations in plasma where 111.15 ±2.30, 127.20 ±4.04 and 151.46 ±3.46 mm/l in concentration salt at percentage 1, 3 and 5 respectively, compared with control (T1 107.22 ±2.88 mm/l) and the potassium concentrations were 9.34 ±0.19, 15.77 ±0.11 and 17.08 ±0.04 mm/l in concentration 1, 3 and 5 respectively, in comparison with control (7.16 ±0.09 mm/l).The packed cells volume was decreased to 21.00 ±1.00, 18.50 ±0.05 and 10.50 ±0.50% in concentration 1, 3 and 5 respectively, while in control 25.50± 0.50%.

The Present study was concerned with utilizing muscles fibers for catfish silurus triostegus to prepare fish protein concentrate modified, the chemical composition, sensory and functional properties were evaluation during storage at (25-30) C° for 35 days and use in food system, the yield percentage 18.6 %. The chemical composition of product was contained highest percentage of protein and low moisture, ash and fat during along storage, in addition to that it contained high percentage of minerals (sodium, phosphorus, calcium and potassium) and low zinc. Also this fish protein concentrate have a good functional properties, especially solubility, emulsification, water absorption, fat binding and viscosity it\'s very good compared to commercial protein. The result also showed had good sensory properties (color and odor) so it light yellow color and the odor was light fish odor and kept this characteristics during storage, when employed in food system, as manufacture of fish balls, the product having a good organoleptic characteristics especially tenderness, juiciness and general acceptance.

فُحصت 100 عينة براز لبط بشكل عشوائي من خمسة مناطق مختلفة في محافظة بابل لكلا الجنسين و بأعمار مابين ستة شهور إلى سنة لتشخيص طفيلي الأبواغ الخبيئة (Cryptosporidium) وقد أظهرت النتائج إن نسبة الإصابة الكلية 8%. استعملت ثلاثة تقنيات تشخيصية مختلفة في هذه الدراسة لتشخيص أكياس بيض الطفيلي وهي الصبغة الصامدة للحامض المحورة (Modified Ziehl Neelsen) وتقنية التصبيغ بالأيودين وتقنية التطويف بالمحلول السكري المشبع. قيست أبعاد أكياس بيض الطفيلي باستعمال المقياس العيني Micrometer Ocular)) حيث بلغ معدل حجم كيس الطفيلي (9.5 ×6.4) مايكروميتر. أظهرت الدراسة وجود فرق معنوي في نسبة الإصابة بين الذكور والإناث حيث ظهرت نسبة إصابة أعلى في الإناث (72.9%) مقارنة بالذكور(57.3% )، في حين لم يظهر فرق معنوي في تاثير أشهر الدراسة على نسبة الإصابة حيث أنّ أعلى نسبة للإصابة كانت في شهر إذار (15%) في حين لم تسجل إصابة في شهر تشرين الاول. وكانت أعلى نسبة للإصابة في البط في منطقتي الحلة والكفل، إذ بلغت نسبتي الإصابة فيهما (20%) و (10%) على التوالي. نستنتج من ذلك أنّ أعلى نسبة إصابة كانت في الإناث وفي موسم ألربيع وفي منطقة الحلة والكفل.

This research aims to find the biophysical effect of electromagnetic radiation on some blood parameters such as packed cell volume (PCV), total and differential leukocytes count and their relationship with changes in power density using microwatt per centimeter (μW/ cm2 ). Twenty white female mice were used. The first group was consider as control group. Second group was exposed to 100 μW/ cm2, third group was exposed to 150 μW/cm2 and forth group was exposed to 200 μW/cm2. All groups were exposed to 5 GHz at period 6 hour for 45 days. The results revalued significant (P˂0.05) decrease in in PCV compared with total count increase in leukocyte count. Besides, there was a significant (P˂0.05) increase in lymphocytes count with decrease in Neutrophils and Monocytes count. Also, decrease in Monocytes and Basophils percentage at 100 μW/cm2 with significant (P˂0.05) increase at doses 150 and 200 μW/cm2.

The study designed to show the biophysical effect of electromagnetic radiation on mice male reproductive system and relationship with changing of power density by micro watt per square centimeters units (µW/cm2). The results of present study revealed obtained a reeducation in number of Epididymal sperms and increasing in the percentage of dead and abnormal sperms at waves 100, 150 and 200 µW/cm2 during exposure for 30 days at period 6 hour/day for 5GHz frequency of microwave radiation to three groups of mice in the same time. Any group contain 5 mice and obtained compared with control group. All natural boundary condition during experimental job were became unity.

أجريت دراسة تأثيرالعلاج التمهيدي باستعمال المركن كسيلازين وبجرعة (1.1) ملغم/كغم والمخدرالعام كيتامين بجرعة (2.2) ملغم/كغم والمرخي العضلي المركزي جوايفينيسين بجرعة (50-100) ملغم/كغم مع التخدير العام الانشاقي الايزوفلوران 5% على ستة من الخيول العربية الأصيلة لدراسة تأثيرها على بعض التحاليل الدموية والكيموحيوية حيث أخذت عينات الدم قبل التخدير وبعده بمدد 5 و15 و30 و60 و120 دقيقة وبعد 24 ساعة وأظهرت النتائج أن هناك تغيرات معنوية في عدد كريات الدم الحمر وتركيز الهيموغلوبين وكذلك في نشاط أنزيم ASTوكذلك في البوتاسيوم والصوديوم وكلوكوز الدم. في حين لم تحدث تغيرات معنوية في عدد كريات الدم البيض ومكداس الدم والصفيحات الدموية وكذلك في نشاط الأنزيمات ALT و ALPو GGT وCPK وكذلك SDH والكهارل والمغنيزيوم والكلور وعنصر الكالسيوم، ولم تحدث أي تغيرات معنوية في الكولستيرول والكرياتينين والألبومين ويمكن ان نستنتج بأن حقن كسيلازين مع كيتامين وجوانفينيسين ثم التخدير الانشاقي بالايزوفلوران أعطت مدّة مناسبة للتخدير وذات تأثير بسيط في المعايير الدموية والكيموحيوية.