Tikrit Journal of Pure Science

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic in Iraq and represents a real threat to public health and causes skin lesions. The current study was aimed to investigation of epidemiological aspects of cutaneous leishmaniasis infection in Tikrit city and in the districts and sub-districts around the city center. The current study was conducted for people with cutaneous leishmaniasis that attending Salah Al-Din General Hospital for treatment, during the period from 14 September to 30 December 2020. The study included 100 cases of clinically diagnosed as Cutaneous leishmaniasis and confirmed by show of Leishmania parasites on smears from lesions. The results showed that the majority of infections appeared in December (71.00%), males are more infected (51.00%) compared with females (49.00%). The age range was from ≤ 2 to 60 years, the majority of patients were infants in the age group ≤ 2 years (40.00%). Higher infection occurred in the districts and sub-districts around the city center (73.00%) compared with city center (27.00%). The results showed that the majority of patients had dry type lesions (67.00%), while wet ulcers were present in 33.00%. Also, the prevalence of infection was higher in face (44.23%), whereas the lower prevalence was recorder for the lower limbs (17.31%).

During the period from September 2020 to February 2021, the current study was conducted to determine the total prevalence of infection with hydatid cysts disease in the various organs (especially liver, lung, spleen, kidney, heart, and mesentery) of abattoirs animals (sheep, cattle, goats and buffaloes) in Kirkuk governorate and its suburbs. Visual examination and hand-feeling were used to detect and identify the site of infection with hydatid cysts, as well as a microscopic examination was used to determine the fertility of hydatid cysts.
A total of 4122 abattoirs animals were examined, including: 1860 sheep, 1550 cattle, 680 goats and 32 buffaloes. The hydatid cysts was found in 133 animal samples (42 sheep, 83 cattle, 6 goats and 2 buffaloes), the total prevalence of infection was 2.25%, 5.35%, 0.88%, 6.25% in sheep, cattle, goats and buffaloes, respectively. The prevalence of infection in females of abattoirs animals was more than in males, which was 0.48%, 1.77% in sheep; 1.48%, 3.87% in cattle; 0.29%, 0.58% in goats, for male and female respectively. While, the prevalence of infection was 6.25% in females of buffaloes compared with their males which didn’t infected.
The results showed that the liver is the most organ of the animal’s body to be infected with hydatid cyst, the prevalence of infection in the liver of males and females was 63.63%, 44.44% in sheep, 46.66%, 65.21% in cattle, 50.00%, 50.00% in goats and 0.00%, 50.00% in buffaloes, respectively.
The infection with fertile hydatid cysts in sheep, especially in livers of females (80.95%) is higher compared with other infections of abattoirs animals, while it was noticed that the highest prevalence of sterile hydatid cysts in the lungs of females cattle (93.33%). In addition, the most cases of calcified hydatid cysts were observed in the lungs of females sheep (50.00%) and livers of females cattle (32.14%).

The current study aimed at the possibility of benefiting from the plant extracts of the Costus speciosus and Salvia officinalis plants in the treatment of bacterial diseases through knowing the inhibitory effect of these extracts on the isolated bacterial species. The aqueous cold - hot and alcoholic extracts ethanol – methanol were tested with concentrations of 70,50,10 mg / ml and by the method of diffusion in pollen of Costus speciosus .L and Saliva officinalis L. on the bacterial genera Pseudomonas areuginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter spp. that isolated from patients with urinary tract infection in the city of Samarra, where the results showed that the two types of water extracts, especially the hot ones, are more efficient than both alcoholic extracts of The two plants mentioned above. Where the concentration of 70 mg / ml gave the aqueous extracts a high inhibitory capacity and for both plants compared to the other concentrations, as it was found that the inhibitory capacity increased with increasing concentrations, while the alcohol extracts had a low inhibitory capacity to no compared to the aqueous extracts.

The current study indicated possibility determining the inhibitory activity of silver nanoparticles which synthesis by the Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark against 5 pathogenic bacterial isolates of to Multidrugs resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa collected from hospitals (Azadi Education, Kirkuk General, Tuz General), Silver nanoparticles showed their inhibitory effect against bacteria by the Well diffusion method and The Diameter of inhibition zones ranged between (23-14)mm As for the growth inhibition assaysilver nanoparticles showed activity against the bacterial species at concentrations of ( 25,50, 75, 100)%, respectively through the absence of colony growth on the surface of the culture media at these concentrations Therefore it is possible to use nanoparticles synthesis from plants for some minerals due to their effective inhibitory properties that they have against bacteria.

The aim of this study is to investigate the histopathological changes induced by the anti-tuberculosis drug (isoniazid) in the kidney and liver tissues of white male mice Mus Musculus. 25 mice were distributed into five groups that included a control group, a therapeutic dose group of 0.625 mg, a group of 1.25 mg toxic group and a dose group The semi-lethal (LD50) is 80 mg, and the lethal dose LD range is 150 mg.
Oral administration of isoniazid led to pathological changes. In the kidneys, the tissue lesions were represented by the occurrence of necrosis in the cells of the urinary tubules in some areas, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells clearly, and the desquamation of some cells of the urinary tubules, and the swelling of some cells, which led to a narrowing in the lumen of the urinary tubules. The nuclei are necrotic and disintegrated. The glomerulus was some areas enlarged and some areas atrophic.
As of the liver, it was represented by the occurrence of necrosis, hemorrhage and congestion, infiltration of inflammatory cell, thickening of the plasma membrane, widening of the sinusoids some araes and narrowing them at other times.
Conclusion
The administration of isoniazid led to pathological changes in the kidneys, including necrosis, infiltration of inflammatory cell, glomerulosclerosis, nucleoli, as well as changes in the liver, including hemorrhage, rupture of the vein wall, and hemolysis of blood cells

This study aimed to determine the main species of dermatophytes which caused skin infection and effect of antifungal and Ago and Zno nanoparticles on them. The result of this study showed that out of 80 sample, 54 sample were positive to fungal isolation with ratio 67.5%, male 72.0% and female 62.1% the results show that’s highest infection case was Tinea Capitis with ratio 26.2% and lowest was Tinea cruris with ratio 2.5% , according to culture and PCR results 38.8% of isolated type belong to Trichophyton mentagrophytes and 3.7% of Epidermophyton floccosum .
Trichophyton mentagrophytes resistant to Nystatin and Fluconazole while sensitive to Griesofulvin, Clotrimazole and Flucytosin. MIC of Ago and Zno nanoparticle against Trichophyton mentagrophytes were 250 and 275 μg /ml while MFC were 275 and 300 μg /ml respectively. Results of RAPD PCR showed that both Ago and Zno nanoparticle effect in genetic material which showed as appear or disappear in thickness of bands of Trichophyton mentagrophytes .

Chalcone was prepared by claisen- schmidt condensation between reaction equivalent moles from 4-amino acetophenone with thiophen -2-carboxaldehyde in presence sodium hydroxide as base, the mechanism was involved the abstraction α Proton by base from the α-carbon of the ketone to form carbanion, which attacks carbonyl of aldehyde contains no α-hydrogens to produce α-β-unsaturated ketone, Chalcone derivative used to synthesize pyrazoline derivatives by condensation with 2,4-dinitro phenyl hydrazine. The newly synthesized compounds were determined using spectroscopic methods such as FTIR, Mass spectra, 1H-NMR.

Effect of Micro and Nano particle of Zinc Oxide on the mechanical and thermal conductivity properties of an epoxy micro and nanocomposite were studied. Micro and nanocomposites were prepared using Open template method and by different weight ratios of micro and nano of ZnO particles having an average size of (45 µm) and (50 nm), respectively. The mechanical properties of micro and nano-composites were studied using Mechanical measuring devices including tensile strength devices, Shock resistance and Shore hardness Effects of ZnO micro and nanoparticles on the curing behavior of these micro and nanocomposites were investigated utilizing lee disc method. It was found that, ZnO micro and nanoparticles can effectively influence on the mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy coating. In addition, as the results showed an improvement in the mechanical properties of the epoxy compound supported with nanoparticles better than the compound supported with micro-particles, The values of hardness (81,82,82.4, and 83 N/mm2 ) for the microcomposites and (81.2,82.8,83, and 84 N/mm2) for the nanocomposites compared its value (79) for pure epoxy and the impact values (17.5,18.75,21.25, and 26.25kJ/m2) for the microcomposites and (18,21.25,23.75, and 27.5kJ/m2) for the nanocomposites compared its value (16.25) for pure epoxy and for the ratios (0.1,0.3,0.5, and 0.7 wt%) respectively , while the results showed a decrease in the thermal conductivity of the epoxy compound supported by micro and nanoparticles with an increase in the weight ratios. Micro and Nano particle of ZnO

In this research work, a resinous matrix, epoxy with a hardener at a ratio of 1:2 at room temperature, was prepared with nanoparticles (nano-magnesium, nano-zinc and nano-boron) at a ratio of 1% and 2%.
All samples for thermal tests were prepared using the mechanical method.
The method of hand-lay was used to prepare the resinous molds.
Thermal tests were conducted that involved using a Lee's disk to calculate the coefficient of thermal conductivity at room temperature.
The results showed a significant improvement in the properties of the composite material containing nanoparticles due to its properties that led to the improvement of the thermal properties. The positive effects of the dispersion and mixing process in the composite materials was also observed through the results obtained from the composite materials reinforced by nanoparticles and comparing it with the resinous matrix.

In this research, the Concentrations of uranium and radon gas were measured in the samples collected from the Qayyarah refinery and field, which is located south of Mosul. The samples included soil and water associated with the production of oil, sludge and crude oil. After prepared samples, the radioactivity was measured using the CR-39 solid-state nuclear trace detector. Radon levels ranged between 10.79-19.67 Bq⁄kg in soil samples, and in water samples 7.25 Bq⁄l , in sludge samples 13.42-16.96 Bq⁄kg and in crude oil 8.57 Bq⁄kg. While uranium concentration levels, ranged in soil samples from 0.870 - 1.457ppm, in water samples 0.585 ppm , in sludge samples 1.299 - 1.369 ppm, and in crude oil samples 0.692 ppm. These results indicate that it is within the internationally permissible limits, as the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) determined the value of uranium in soil at 32 Bq/kg and in water at 50 Bq/l, and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) determined the value of uranium in The slag has a value of (8-5×〖10〗^5 ) Bq/kg, and the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (IOGP) has determined the value of uranium in crude oil (800-4×〖10〗^5) Bq/kg and therefore does not pose any danger to the lives of workers in the refinery. field and environment.

The simulation model used in this study is the heterojunction solar cell with SnS absorption layer using the AFORS-HET simulation program. Where the effect of interface defect density (Nit) and the location of these levels within the interface on the electrical and optical properties was studied. Through the study, we learned the effect of the locations of the energy levels for defects within the junction, and it was found that the largest effect of the defects is within the locations of the deep energy levels, D.deep traps and A.deep traps within the junction. After that, the effect of interface defect density and its relationship to thickness and impurities concentration of both the buffer and absorption layer were studied, as the increase in the thickness of the absorption layer indicated a clear decrease in the effect of the density of the interface cases, otherwise the increase in the thickness of the buffer layer did not reduce the effect of these defects. The effect of the interface defect density increases with increasing the concentration of impurities in the SnS absorption layer, the effect of the density of the interlayer defects decreases with the increase in the concentration of impurities in the buffer layer.

In this research, a practical study was conducted to measure the temperature of objects remotely using a semiconductor laser and a heat-sensitive liquid crystals thermotropic material at different temperature values, starting from 30 ℃ to 70 ℃, at each value of the temperature the temperature is known To the bodies by reflected laser beams loaded with a portion of the measured body heat.
The final results showed that the best measurement of body temperature can be obtained at large distances such as 1, 1.5, 2 meters, as this is due to the fact that the scattered laser beams have less impact on the detector, and this is what was observed in the study when taking distances 1, 1.5 And 2 meters, where the graphs at these distances show good stability of the reflected laser beam loaded with a part of the heat to that point which reflex of it and whose temperature is to be known, which radiates heat perhaps more or less than other parts of the body.
As for less distances, the results obtained from this study lack accuracy, and this is what was shown by the graphs at a distance of 0.5 meter, This is due to the interference caused by the reflection and scattering of the laser light falling on the polarized plates and returning it to the detector

In this article, we development a methodology to solve an objective function of a quadratic fractional programming problem (QFPP), and the constraints are linear. We introduce a new method called RBM-Technique, which is directly solve the problem and have same optimal solution. Finally, the nonlinear problem is transformed to a linear programming problem with two constraints and no mor convert to the initial problem. Numerical examples are illustrated to show the efficiency of the method and the computer operation of our algorithms was also discussed by using MATLAB 2013a to solve a constructed numerical example.

In this article, we present a new hybrid conjugate gradient method for solving large Scale in unconstrained optimization problems. This method is a convex combination of Dai-Yuan conjugate gradient and Andrei- sufficient descent condition, satisfies the famous D-L conjugacy condition and in the same time solidarities with the newton direction with the suitable condition. The suggestion method always yields a descent search direction at each it iteration. Under strong wolfe powell(SWP) line search condition, the direction satisfy the global convergence of the proposed method is established. Finally, the results we achieved are good and it is show that our method is forceful and effective

The goal of this paper is to introduce numerical solution for Volterra-Fredholm integro-differential equations of the second kind. The proposed method is Touchard polynomials method, and this technique transforms the integro-differential equations to the system of algebraic equations. Four examples are presented in order to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of this method