Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal

Twelve animals regardless of the sex divided equally into two age periods (30, 90 days age). The adrenal glands were collected and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for cortical tissue and Orth’s solution for medullary tissue. These specimens were conducted for histomorphologic investigation applied in both age periods. The glands of rabbits were paired white to creamy in color, oval to crescentic in shape. It was embedded in fatty tissue, lying cranial to the cranial pole of kidney within the retroperitoneal cavity similar to these of other mammals. The left adrenal gland was far off from the left kidney as a compared with the right gland. Histological part included fixation of the adrenal glands and then processed by routine paraffin embedding. The sections of 6 μm thicknesses were stained by H&E, PAS and Van Gieson stains. The adrenal capsule observed as one layer in the two age periods. The zona glomerulosa appeared as arches of cells at sub capsular region, while the zona fasiculata and reticular zone were developed with age. Medulla composed of central vein surrounding by chromaffin cells.

This study was conducted in the Animal Farm, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, from march to may 2013, to clarify the effect of subcutaneous vitamin C injection on semen characteristics of Awassi rams. Six rams (1.5-2 years old) were randomly divided into three groups of 2 rams. Rams in T1and T2 were subcutaneously injected, every other day with dose of 50 and100 mg/kg body weight respectively ,for 45 days while control group in T0 received normal saline. The results showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in the The sperm concentration of T1 as compared with control group, while there were no significant differences among treated groups(T1 and T2). Group 2 showed a significant (P<0.05) increases in mass activity, individual motility and live sperm percentage. There was a significant decrease in individual motility and percentage of live sperm in T2 as compared to T1 and control group. In conclusion, despite of the significant improvement of some semen trail as in T2 group, the lower dose of vit. C(less than 50 mg/kg of body weight) was recommended represented the skin tearing(T2group) as well as the redness and sensitive skin in T1 group.

This study was carried out at the Animal Farm pertaining to the Department of Animal Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, using 18 multiparous Holstein cows following their beak milk production. The cows were randomly divided into two main groups (with and without spraying the body with water). Each group was sub-divided into three sub groups including 3 cows each representing treatment of anise (0 and 30 gm of formaldehyde- treated anise as well as 30 gm. Formaldehyde untreated anise to the concentrate diet/cow/day). The field part of the experiment was continued for the period from 1/7/2012 to 2/10/2012 to study the effect these treatments on the productive and physiological performance under heat stress conditions in Summer. Results revealed that the experimental cows were exist under severe heat stress during the experiment which negatively affected on some studied traits. The highest temperature-humidity index (THI) was 85.05 during the fourth week of July. The cow's average daily milk yield (DMY) was 11.97 kg. Evening rectal temperature was decreased (P< 0.05) as influenced of treated and non-treated anise in 1/8/ 2012 namely 38.55 and 38.51º C respectively, while being 39.00º C for control group. On the other hand, the evening average respiratory rate was decreased (P < 0.05) for the 30gm anise –formaldehyde treated group in 1/8/2012 namely 41.66 respiration/minute in comparison with the control group (42.33 respiration/minute). In 1/9/2012 a significant (P < 0.05) decreases in evening average respiratory rate was observed for treated and untreated anise groups namely 38.66 respiration/minute as compared with the control group (45.83 respiration/minute) till the end of the experiment. The water spraying decreased (P <0.05) average rectal temperature, respiratory and pulse rates in 1/8/2012 namely 38.37 º C, 38.00 and 61.55 once/minute in comparison with non-sprayed group 39.00º C, 46.66 and 64.77 once/minute respectively and till the end of the experiment. The interaction between the anise and water spraying was positively significant on most studied traits.

Used in this study, 27 ewes of different breeds (Awasi Turki, Awasi Local, Karadi, Hamdani) and the age range of 2-4 years to study the effect of breed the dam and age the dam and the month of birth and sex born and weight of the dam at birth in recipes growth of lambs of weight at birth and weight at weaning and increase the weight daily from birth until weaning and increase the weight daily gain . Through the comparison between the dam breed show a significant effect (p <0.05) breed in weight at birth, as it outperformed breed Alkaradi the rest of the breed is not observed any significant effect of breed in the rest of the qualities and found a significant effect (p <0.05) for the age of the dam in weight Birth where excelled ewes 4 years old on the rest of the ages. while for the month of January significant effect in weight at weaning and increase the weight and daily gain . through statistical analysis shows that the weight of the dam at birth significant effect (p <0.05) in weight at birth if dam weights outperformed the rest of the 60-66 kg weights, showing no significant effect of the sex of the born in the studied traits

This experiment was carried out at the poultry farm of Animal Resources Dept. / College of Agriculture / University of Baghdad during the period from 22/ 10/2012 to 22/ 4/2013 to investigate the effect of adding different levels of sesame oils to layer hens diets on some biochemical trails of blood serum. Sixty four Lohmann Brown laying hens at 20 weeks age were used in this experiment. At 22 weeks of age، the hens were individually weighed and randomly distributed into four treatments and each treatment with two replicates (8 hens / replicate). The treatments were as follows: T1 (control) no addition. T2، T3 and T4 included addition of 0.5، 0.75 and 1% sesame oil respectively. The results revealed that the treatments included the addition of sesame oil were significantly lowered the levels of total blood serum cholesterol ، blood serum triglycerides compared with control ، and the treatments achieve the lower low density lipoprotein (LDL)، but significant increased in the level of high density lipoprotein (HDL).

This study was carried out at the Animal Farm pertaining to the Department of Animal Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, using 18 multiparous Holstein cows following their beak milk production. The cows were randomly divided into two main groups (with and without spraying the body with water). Each group was sub-divided into three sub groups including 3 cows each representing treatment of anise (0 and 30 gm of formaldehyde- treated anise as well as 30 gm. Formaldehyde untreated anise to the concentrate diet/cow/day). The field part of the experiment was continued for the period from 1/7/2012 to 2/10/2012 to study the effect these treatments on the productive performance under heat stress conditions in Summer. Anise -treated group exhibited greater (P < 0.05 )average daily milk yield (DMY) during weeks 7th and 9th as compared with the control group. At the week 11th, higher (P < 0.05) average DMY was noticed for formaldehyde treated and untreated anise treatments namely 11.85 and 11.36 kg/cow respectively as compared with the control group (10.30 kg/cow), and this effect was continued until the end of the experiment. The average DMY for water- sprayed cows in the third week was 13.16 kg/cow, whereas for non-sprayed group being 12.00 kg/cow. This influence was continued till the end of the experiment. The anise treatment had positive effect (P < 0.05) on milk components including protein, fat, lactose and ash during the last periods of the experiment recording 3.01 , 3.66 , 4.45 and 0.66 % respectively for anise-treated group and 2.80 , 2.18 , 4.15 and 0.62 % respectively for non-treated group. The spraying effect of milk fat lacked significance, while decreased (P< 0.05) milk protein and lactose constituents in 1/9/2012 of the experiment as compared with non-prayed group. This effect was continued until the end of the experiment.. The interaction between the anise treatment and water spraying was positively significant (P<0.05) on most studied traits. The formaldehyde 30 gm/cow/day anise treated group was always better than untreated group during the experiment.

This study has been conducted at two locations, the first one was at the sheep and goat breeding station which belongs the states board of agricultural researchers/ Ministry of Agriculture which located in Akarkouf25 Km west of Baghdad. The 2nd one was in a farm of sheep owner (Private sector) in AbuGhraib, during the period from 15/5/2011 to 15/4/2012 to study the different production system and breeding system on some production performance of Awassi sheep and to study the milk production. Study include three flocks of Awassi sheep each one consist of 40 Awassi ewes.(The first one was the improved flock and the second was the unimproved flock (both of them belongs to the sheep and goats station) while the third one belong to the sheep owner). Also the born lambs of the unimproved flock were significantly (p<0.0.1) heavier than the born lambs in the improved and grazing flock in the birth weight in the first and second month after calving as it was 13.20,19.41 kg , while there are no significant differences in the total weight gain (from birth to weaning) among the three flocks. Higher (P<0.05) percentage of birth mortality was recorded in the unimproved flock (20%) while it was the lowest percentage in the grazing flock (9.5%).The improved flock showed highest rate of ewes mortality (7.5%) and unimproved flock (5%), no ewes mortality were observed in the grazing flock during the experimental period. The grazing and unimproved flocks showed higher milk production (1127.5, 927.08 cm3) during the fourth month after calving, while the lower milk production was in the unimproved flock during the first and second month after birth.

This study was conducted at two locations, the 1st was at the breeding station of the sheep and goat which belongs to the States Board of Agricultural Researchers/ Ministry of Agriculture which located in Akarkouf 25 Km west of Baghdad). The 2nd one was in a farm of sheep owner (Private sector) in Abu-Ghraib, during the period from 15/5/2011 to 15/4/2012 to study the different production system and breeding systems on some reproductive and productive performance of Awassi sheep. Study includes three flocks of Awassi sheep each one consist of 40 Awassi ewes. (The 1st was the improved flock and the 2nd was the unimproved flock (both of them belongs to the sheep and goats station) while the 3rd belong to the sheep owner). Grazing flock had higher (P<0.05) fertilization percentage (80%) as compared to the unimproved flock. Also the grazing flock showed higher value (P<0.01) in twining percentage. As well as results of the study showed that the grazing flock had lower chest (39.2 cm), abdomen circumference (38.74 cm), body width at pelvis (11.28 cm) and the shoulder (11.3 cm) and the body length (34.10 cm) at birth. The unimproved flock had higher body height at shoulder at pelvis, chest and abdominal circumference.

The study was involved 450 records of the lamb birth weight and 185 records of the weight at weaning and growth rate to 433 records the qualities of milk yield of a flock of Awassi Turkish sheep belong to the Research station, Ruminants in the Abu Ghraib (20 km west of Baghdad) of the Public Authority agricultural Research for the period from 01.01.2007 until 31.12.2008, in order to study the effect of some environmental factors in a number of growth traits (weight at birth , weaning and growth rate weighted from birth to weaning) as well as the attributes of milk production (milk production daily and the total length of the milk season) were also regression to the decline in growth characteristics of the three above-mentioned all of the weight of the mother at birth and the age of weaning.The results showed that the average weight at birth and weight at weaning and growth rate weighted from birth to weaning were 3.93 ± 0.06 kg and 29.05 ± 0.49 kg and 24.61 ± 0.46 kg, respectively, as the overall average for the production of milk daily and total lactation length 1.025 ± 0.021 kg and 122.201 ± 2.61 kg and 115.81 ± 0.93 days.It has been shown that the month of birth significantly affected (P<0.05) in growth traits and milk production, also results showed the presence of highly significant differents for the year of birth in birth weight, and the effect was highly significant for the type of birth in all the characteristics of growth studied, also showed that the gender of the lamb significant effect (p <0.05) in weight at birth and highly significant in weight at weaning and growth rate weighted, and did not notice any significant effect on the type and sex of the baby in the qualities of milk production of the three studied while it became clear that the sequence of birth effect highly significant in all the qualities of milk production studied and the effect of birth weight significantly in production milk daily, kidney and the disappearance of his moral influence in the length of lactation. It was observed that the lack of moral decline of the three growth traits studied on the weight of the mother and the age of weaning. It was concluded that the majority of the factors under study showed a significant impact in the performance of Awassi sheep which requires study and determine the impact of interest and administrative aspects of the herd to increase performance and maximize economic return.

Afield experiment of flaxseed was carried out during the growing Seasons of 2010 – 2011 and 2011- 2012 in college of Agriculture – University of Mousl in clay soil. The experimental design was split- split plot design according to the complete random block design (RCBD) with two replications which in volve soaking seeds at three levels of concentrations the first is iron (0.5، 1، 1. 5) % Fe sub sub plot، The second is three levels of nitrogen fertilization (urea 45%)، (0، 100، 200) kg N.h-1 as sub plot under rain fed only and with. Supplementary irrigation as main plot The results revealed that : 1-The Addition of ( 100 kg N . h -1 ) of Nitrogen fertilization led to asiginificant increasing in content secoisolariciresinol diglucoside for the first and second seasons of growing، while (100 and 200) kg N.h -1 led to asignificant increase of yield secoisolariciresinol diglucoside in the first and second seasons of growing 2- The soaking seeds of I% Fe concentration led to significantly increase in secoisolariciresinol diglucoside in the first and second seasons، whereas the soaking of 1% and 1.5% Fe led to siginificant increase yield secoisolariciresinol diglucoside in the first and second seasons of growing 3- The rain fed led to significant increase of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside in the first and second seasons of growing. While yield secoisolariciresinol diglucoside gained significant increase at the supplementary irrigation for the first and second seasons .The second order interactions between different factors show significantly differences in the studied characters

This study was conducted at a private orchard in Awnat village-Tikrit city Salahaddin governorate during 2013 season to explain the effect of foliar nutrition (Humic acid) and spraying with Brassinosteroid on decreasing flower drops and fruit set as well as improving some specific and qualitative properties of orange. The experiment included spraying plants with Brassinosteroid (0.00، 0.010، 0.020 mg.l-1) and then completed with spraying with Humic acid conc. (0،2،4،6) m.l-1 Result show the significant effect to BRs treatment( 0.020) mg.L-1 gave highest fruit set and lowest dropping and The highest proportion of the remaining fruits on trees (25 ، 5.66 ، 53.6) % respectively. Humic acid treatment gave highest leaf area was 29.6 cm2 and relative chlorophyll was 74.1 Spad Unit and highest proportion dried material in the leaves reach 45.19.%. Humic acid treatment gave highest fruits reach 15.89 kg and highest proportion fruits number was 92.4 fruit.tree-1 also gave significant top in fruit volume reach 321.7 cm3.

A study was conducted at experiment field of the college of Agriculture ، University of Baghdad for two seasons 2011- 2012 and 2012- 2013 to investigate the effect of last irrigation date applied at ( full bloom ، beginning of pods formation، 50% of the pods with green color and 20% of the pods with brown color ) and thinning treatments within the row using the ratio between reminder : removal stands as fellow ( 10 cm : 10 cm، 10 cm : 30 cm، 10 cm : 50 cm، 20 cm : 20 cm، 20 cm : 30 cm and 20 cm : 50 cm) on seed yield and Its components in a local cultivar of alfalfa. Layout of the experiment was in Randomize Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D.) in Nested – split plot arrangement with three replications. Last irrigation dates were used as main plot، while thinning treatments were used as sub- plot. Results showed that in both season، last irrigation had significant effect on number of stem/m2 ، racemes/ stem ، pods/ racemes، seeds/pod and seed yield. 1000 seed weight significantly influenced only in 1st season. In both seasons، Results has also indicated a significant effect of thinning treatments on all seed yield components and seed yield except number of seeds / pod and seed yield in 2nd season. As average for two seasons ، higher seed yield ( 578.35 Kg/ ha) can be obtained from stands thinning to 20 cm : 30 cm and last irrigation was applied at beginning of pods formation.

It was necessary to find a new and different way in tilling the soil equivalent to the difference that occurs in the amounts of rainfall within the same region or adjacent regions ، so came the way of dams in tilling the land ، which is working on the conversion of the land area or field to a semblance of small dams converged and cascading which ensures the benefit of water levels or rain ، whatever the quantities so was chosen piece of land a square-shaped area defined in the area adjacent to the University of Mosul and divided the land ostensibly without breaks real into three equal parts space almost as were planted the first part of the seeds of wheat in a manner of Agriculture in Brief the second way conversion of the land the field to semblance of small dams adjacent and successive As for the latter part was planting prose considered part comparison and after the completion of agriculture relying on rainwater only results were achieved this way significant increase evident in the average number of tillers per plant per average spike length (cm) to the extent awn and the average number of spikes in the plant and the total number of spikes per unit area and the average number of grains / spike and thousand kernel weight

This experiment was carried out in the experiments station of the agriculture college/ university of Diyala in the spring season of 2014 in 23/2/2014 . using a silty loam soil. Experiment have achieved on sunflower with a factorial experiment ، a split split plot randomized complete block design with three replications . This study included three factors ، first the NPK fertilizer with three levels (0، 150 ، 300) Kg/h-1 which are divided into two times first after 30 days when seeds germinated and the second after 35 days after the first . The second factor was the plants density with three levels ( 66666، 80000، 100000) plant/h-1 and the third factor three varieties of sunflower (shemoos ، Akmar and Euroflower ) ، and here it was the important results obtained:The highest density level (100000) plant/h-1 gave the highest results the characters studied which were ، head diameter ، yield ( ton / h-1) . Level of 150 Kg/ h-1 of NPK fertilizer was the best for head diameter and yield ( ton / h-1) . Shemoos variety exceeded other varieties in head diameter ، 1000 seed weight ، yield ( ton / h-1) and (seeds number in head-1) . The interaction ( Akmar variety X 150 Kg NPK / h-1 ) gave the highest values in head diameter. The interaction (Shemoos variety X 66666 plants per hector) gave significant differences in seeds number per head ، 1000 seeds weight ، yield ( ton / h-1) .The interaction (Shemoos variety X150 Kg NPK / h-1 X 100000 plants/ h-1 ) gave the highest significant results in seeds yield

Afield experiment was conducted during two growing seasons ( 2012 -2013) at Abu Ghraib by using peach seedlings of Crimson Baby cultivar to investigate the response of these seedlings to the foliar application of NPK nutrients. And Magesto nutrient solution . Five types of NPK Fertilizer were used (0، balanced (20:20:20)، high-nitrogen NPK (30:10:10) ، high-phosphorus NPK (10:28:10)، and high-potassium NPK(10:10:28) at 2ml. L-1 and the nutrition solution Magesto at(0،2.5، 5) ml.L-1 ، three times each season، the obtained results indicated that The application of (Magesto at 5 ml.L-1) alone gave the highest increase in all characters in both seasons . leaf area، dry weight percentage ، chlorophyll content. The highest leaf nitrogen percentage obtained from high – nitrogen alone and high nitrogen+Magesto 5ml.L-1treatment ، the single application of high phosphorus NPK and high-phosphorus + Magesto5ml.L1TREATMENT increased carbohydrate and phosphorus percentage. The single application of high potassium NPK and high potassium + Magesto5ml.L1treatment increased leaf potassium percentage in both seasons .

This experiment was carried out in the Biology Department، College of Education for pure sciences، University Diyala، on Calendula officinalis L. plants((yellow flower)، to investigate the effect of foliar spraying on the plants with three concentrations of liquorice 0 ، 2 ، 3 g/L and interacted with foliar spraying the plants with four concentrations of organic fertilizer for poultry dropping 0 ، 10 ،15 ، 20 ml/L on growth and flowering، by using The Factorial Experiment within Completely Randomized Design، each treatment replicated four times. The results were summarized as follows: spraying liquorice extract conc. 3 g/L، record highest significant values for plant height(28.4 cm) ، number of branches (5.2 branch/plant) ، number of leaves (45.7 leaf/plant) ، leaves contents of chlorophyll (39.6 spad ) ، emergence earliness of flower buds(84.0 days) and significant increase in number of flowers (10.1 flower/plant)، flower diameter (6.5 cm). Spraying the plants with conc. 20ml/L of organic fertilizer of poultry manner recorded highly significant values of plant height، number of branches، number of flowers and leaves contents of chlorophyll reaching 25.8 cm، 4.9 branch/plant، 41.6 leaf/plant and 38.6 ﺳﺒﺎد، respectively، besides، the duration of flowers buds emergence and number of flowers reaching 82.4 days and 9.5 flower/plant. The interaction between spraying liquorice extract conc. 3 g/L and spraying the plants with conc. 20ml/L of organic fertilizer for poultry manner record highly significant values of plant height، number of branches، number of leaves and number of flowers. All interaction between treatments achieved increasing flower diameter compared with the control treatment.

To study the effect of different levels of salicylic acid on the activity of enzymatic antioxidants and proline in the vegetative growth of maize plant under NaCl stress . A pot experiment was carried out in the greenhouse of the Department of Soil Sciences and Water Resources in the College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad in a silt clay loam soil classified as Typic Torrifluvent . A factorial experiment based on a Randomized Complete Block Design ( RCBD) with three replicates was used . Treatments consisted of three salinity levels (0.5, 5.0, 9.5 dS m-1) and five salicylic acid concentrations ( 0,250,500,1000,1500) µM SA . Results showed significant increase in SOD , POD,CAT activity and proline concentration with the increasing of salinity levels . Foliar applications of salicylic acid significantly reduced the activity of antioxidant enzymes ( SOD, POD,CAT) and proline concentration in Maize plants leaves

An experiment was conducted at the College of Agriculture, University of Tikrit for two seasons 2008 and 2009 to evaluate the performance of six genotypes of Muskmelon which three local cultivars ( Hafz nafsah , Kata\'a nafsah and Kahdrawy) and three foreign Ananas , Golden beauty , and hybrid Judy using two methods of planting the seeds direct ,and planting of seedlings in the open field. using ( R.C.B.D.) for split- plot design with three replications to study their effect on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Muskmelon and some genetic parameters. The results showed the superiority significantly of Kata\'a nafsah and Golden beauty in earliness yield and Ananas , Kata\'a nafsah and Hafz nafsah scored increase the number of fruits , fruit weight and yield per plant respectively .also genotypes Golden Beauty and Khadrawy showed significant increase in the thickness of the pulp and Kata\'a nafsah showed increasing percentage of total soluble solid and degree of hardness of fruit in Golden Beauty. Method of planting was showed significantly increasing in earliness of yield for two seasons and number of fruits , fruit weight, and yield per plant for the first season only. The interaction between method of transplanting with Kata\'a nafsah and Khadrawy gave earliness yield and significant superiority to the yield per plant while the interaction between Kata\'a nafsah and Khadrawy with method direct agriculture caused significant effect on the thickness of the pulp fruit for two season respectively and interaction of Ananas and Hafz nafsah with transplanting in the fruits number , fruit weight and Golden Beuty with mothed of direct planting gave significantly increase of degree of fruit hardness for second season only . While cracking of the fruit was showed that Annas ,Judy and Hafz nafsah were without cracking also genetic variation was different form zero of all quantitative and total soluble solid for both seasons and hardness of fruit for second season only the degree of heritability broad sense was high for all characters and medium for degree of hardness of fruit and expected genetic advance showed low values for earliness yield and the degree of fruit hardness for two seasons and medium of number of fruits while it was high for the remaining characters .

To study the effect of different levels of salicylic acid in Zea mays L. photosynthetic pigments under salt stress , a factorial experiment based on a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates was used . Treatments consisted of three salinity levels (0.5, 5.0 and 9.5 dS m-1) and five salicylic acid concentrations ( 0,250,500,1000 and 1500) µM.L-1 SA . Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and Carotene concentration in leaves were measured . The results showed that salt stress caused a significant decrease in photosynthetic pigments concentrations (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotene) . Foliar application of salicylic acid caused a significant increase in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotene concentrations , especially under salt stress.

A field trial was conducted at the Experiment Farm، College of Agriculture. Abu Ghraib ، Baghdad ،Iraq in two winter season 2000-2002 . The objectives were to investigate the effect of application timing of nitrogen levels and seeding rates on some growth characters، dry weight yield at different stages. Seeding rates 80 ،120،160 kg/ha were assigned in the main plots ،nitrogen levels 200،300،400 kg /ha in the sub plots and application timing of nitrogen in sub – sub plots. Nitrogen timings included five combinations of growth stages ( ZGs00، ZGs21، ZGs32and ZGs(49 it was D 1: 1/2N at ZGs00 + 1/2N at ZGs21 ، D2 : 1/2N at ZGs00 +1/4N at ZGs21+1/4N at ZGs32 ، D3 : 1/2N at ZGs00 +1/4N at ZGs21+ 1/4N at ZGs49، D4: 1/2N at ZGs00 +1/4N at ZGs32+ 1/4N at ZGs49 ، D5 : 1/2N at ZGs00 +1/6N at ZGs21 +1/6N at ZGs32+ 1/6N at ZGs49. That higher mean of dry matter weight in higher seed rate (160 kg / a ) in all growth stages and biological yield .Nitrogen level of 400 kg/ha gave higher means dry matter weight ) in all growth stages and biological yield in both seasons . The application timing in (D5) produced higher dry matter weight in both seasons .

This research was implemented in Bakrajo Technical Agricultural Institute/ Sulaimani governorate during autumn season 2012 in Classic clay sandy soil to test six genotypes of Zea mays L. using RCBD design .The results showed that there were significant differences(p≤0.05) between the plant genotypes for the studied characters as in the following :- The Hollandaian genotypes was higher in the characters (mean of grain weights 340.6 gm/plant but the Iranian genotype superior in the characters (mean of Ear weight 220.3 gm ,mean number of grains per ear rows 37.4 grains/row and mean of ears length 21.7 cm).The local genotypes showed only a super pass in the characters of mean number of ears 1.7 ear/plant. The Hollandian genotype F1 exceeded in(mean weight of only core 77.23 gm/ear and mean number of rows per ear 15.5 rows). The Hollandaian genotype F2 was higher at the characters (weight of 1000 grains by 383.3 gm).The Hollandaian genotype F3 was supervised in the characters (mean plant height 226.65 cm ,mean number of ears 1.7 ear/plant , mean of leaves width 9.8 cm and mean of on leaf area 574.05 cm2 .

This research was implemented in the fields of Bakrajo Technical Agricultural Institute /Sulaymani governorate during winter season 2011/2012 . Hapil cultivar of strawberry which is well known in the area used in this research with six planting dates ,with 15 days interval , starting from Dec.10/2011 until Feb.25/2012 respectively in addition to control treatment (planting in the nursery). RCBD was used in three replications .Each plot involved 20 plants , data were recorded from five plants randomly for each experimental units. Data analysis and LSD test at %5 level were achieved . The results showed after the fruits ripening and that have been harvested starting from April 282012 And with fifteen picking until May 30-2012,that the planting date Dec.10-2011 and Feb.10 -2012 gave earlier and more fruits compared with the others . The mean number of leaves were 24.22 and 21.5 leaves/plant during Feb.10-2012 and Jan.15-2012 respectively. The mean number of flowers were 8.33 and 6.63 flowers/plant during Feb.10-2012 and Dec.10-2011 plant dates respectively. The mean number of lateral shots were higher in the three planting times Feb.25,10,2012 and Jan.102012 with mean 4.80,4.87 and 4.90 shots/plant . The mean number were 6.84 and 6.6 during Feb.10-2012 and Jan. 25-2012 respectively ,The mean length of leaf petioles were 11.43 and 10.10 centimetres during Dec.10-2011 and Feb.102012 planting dates respectively.

The area of this study located in Iraqi Mesopotamian plain، in Western of Falluja city between longitude 43°36 to 43° 50 East and latitude 33° 16 to 33° 38 North. Used Soil Quality Index Model. The soil quality index parameters are as follows ( texture، soil salinity، organic matter content and drainage states). The Soil Quality Indices are mapped by ArcGIS9.3. The results indicate that 4354.83 ha. of the studied area were moderate soil quality with relative extent 54.08% from studied area ranges from 396.9 ha. to 1921.5 ha. at river levees and irrigation basins physiographic unit. respectively. While low soil quality about 3697.11 ha) with relative extent 45.92% from studied area ranges 130.23 ha. to 1572.57 ha. at river terraces and irrigation basins physiographic unit. Respectively. that due to salinity and poor drainage.

This paper aims to evaluate and study the economic analysis of fish farming in the cages culture in the Thiqar province in the year of 2013. To get this purpose a sample of 8 farms used in this study، which cover 18% of the total approval farms in the province، the total number of approval farms equal to 44 farms subdivide into two groups، group one consists of 29 farms constructed on the Euphrates river، while the second group 15 farms constructed on the AlGarraf river. The economic analysis was carried out using 21 indicators after determine of the average values of the construction cost and incomes. The values of these indicators were determined on the base of one cage. The projects are success to contribute the national income through its total income which equal to 8404724، 7839093، 5933367، 6747096، 8661971، 9562612، 6548733، and 7034943 I.D، respectively. And the total income of total farms was equal to 7770214 I.D. whereas the construction cost was equal to 813099، 7691093، 581967، 6559596، 8306971، 9184300، 6353733، and 6634943 I.D، respectively. And for the total farms was equal to 7513984 I.D. This indicator shows the decrease of production investment of these projects. Therefore these projects in need of financial and technical support from government or supply the investors with the accessories and elements of production، which can expand these projects from the side and from other side، encourage the new investors to attend these projects. As well as the results showed that these projects presents a good employee of the available economic resources، it varies between1.586 – 2.067 to the farms، also the period of return the capital cost around 5.13 – 7.23 months، and as soon to the other indicators which proved that there are positive deviation on its values to all the farms which can encourage the investors to invest on these projects although the variation of the income and outcome cost due to local market conditions ، and the difference on the indicators values from farm to another farm because of the difference on the administrative skills.

Experiment was conducted in the fields of the College of Agriculture - University of Diyala during agricultural season 2013 \ 2014 to study the effect of the types of organic fertilizers animal، Chemical and mixing between them in the growth and yield of two varieties of garlic (Chinese and local)and carried out using R.C.B.D. for split – plot design with three replicates .The agriculture has been done directly after irrigation using drip and the cultivation of the lobes in 11/ 10 / 2013 on two lines (line of each side of the tube drip) and for each experimental unit consisted of 50 plants and studied the number of leaves، value of chlorophyll in the leaves ، plant height، thickness of the neck of the bulb ،number of lobes in each bulb ،lobes weight and yield per dunom .The significant differences between the averages has been tested by the least significant differences (L.S.D.) at level of probability of 0.05 . The study showed superiority of local variety in plant height ، number of leaves ، number of lobes in bulb، while the China variety give high total yield per dunom، high diameter neck bulb، high bulb weight. There was no significant differences between the two varieties in chlorophyll of the leaves. Organic manure sheep showed moral superiority in the height of the plant and number of lobes. The poultry manure excelled in weight bulb and total yield per dunom. The mixture of poultry manure with fertilizer DAP moral superiority in the value of the chlorophyll in the leaves. The compost cow mixture with DAP was superiority in the diameter to of the bulb and weight lobe. There were no significant effects for fertilizer treatments in leaves number for each plant. The interaction between local variety with sheep manure was significant superiority for height plant and number of lobes. The interaction between china variety and poultry fertilizer was significant superiority for weight bulb and total yield per dunom.