Journal of University of Babylon

This thesis study (representations of the environment in contemporary Iraqi porcelain) which is located in four chapters, the first chapter included a presentation of the research problem, which summed up to answer the following questions: Do you have affected the natural environment in the products of contemporary Iraqi artist?


And how to represent it in artistic influence outcomes? The aim of the research is known representations of the environment in contemporary Iraqi porcelain. Find study identifies representations of the natural environment in contemporary ceramic works (murals, dishes, carving Vhari) and in Iraq for the period (1982-2007) to determine the most important readings and stylistic shifts in the natural environment processors in contemporary Iraqi porcelain.
The second quarter included a theoretical framework which included two sections Me first concept of the environment, while the second dealt approaches the natural environment in the contemporary ethnic porcelain.
The third chapter dealt with research procedures which are from the research community consisting of (50) model casserole, and to ensure that the research sample
(5) and ceramic works of selected deliberate manner and by 5%.
The fourth chapter FD included research and conclusions results and foremost of which is: 1. of the features representations of the natural environment in the products of contemporary Iraqi porcelain nesting species or natural environmental vocabulary plant Kalmferdh and the environment river and animal single as shown in the sample (1.5) for the production of aesthetic data are overlapping neighboring structures.
2 .Some natural environmental vocabulary appeared realistic simulation of the form, or close to it (fish, rock) as in the samples (4.5), and others appeared in the abstract and as a reducing in the samples (Palm, Water Bird) (1,2.3).
The most important conclusions remind Mayati: 1-characterized Iraqi ceramic texts contemporary take signs and symbols abstract natural environmental vocabulary with symbols that come close to reality, even relatively, and thus the height of creativity reached in brainstorm and topics taken potter Iraqi Almasr.2- that affected deliberate Iraqi potter contemporary multicast intellectually and continuing with data in the formal questioning by the technical achievements of the environmental and cultural influences and then beat her portrayal of coding,and conduct and interpretation of my mind and this is what came in the creative texts all.
The research was the development of the recommendations of a special hall where the products of artists progress in general and ceramics in particular so as to provide for students abreast of constant and continuing with technical productions. As proposals came studying representations of the natural environment in the contemporary ceramics. And then of sources and references

Due to the importance of environmental awareness and environmental education has become necessary to include the preparation of teachers materials programs methodology to help them in that and this became the faculties of education include the decision of environmental education within the curriculum and methods and techniques varied that can be used by a professor of modern methods and working to attract the attention and interest and not feel bored therefore, the work of a researcher on the use of cartoons aimed at teaching environmental education became a research problem in the identification and measurement of the impact of the use of cartoons in student achievement textured practical education and represents a target search in measuring the impact of fees on student achievement and measure the impact of fees on the collection of all of the students and is there teams achievement between students of the researcher experimental approach adopted by taking a sample of 90 students divided into two groups studied control in the usual way and experimental studied mediated cartoons promising researcher achievement test of multiple choice to measure achievement at the end of the experiment and after the end of the probationary period, which classrooms researcher test grades dimensional dish and

corrected long been averages account for the collection of the two groups and when testing the two test samples t for two independent samples show that the test results support the superiority of the experimental group that studied mediated cartoons to the control group, who studied in the usual way as the use of samples t-test to test the difference between the arithmetic average of student achievement and the collection of the students in the experimental group had between that there is no statistically significant difference between males and females and the researcher concluded the findings of the most important positive impact of teaching environmental education mediated cartoons as he has little, according to the sex of the student effect and researcher recommends diversity and renewal of teaching methods used in education according to suit every article or subject and researcher suggests further prospective studies include research variables which cartoons and collection fees.

The Abu Hashem of important personalities that filled the intellectual arena learning more and more, and enough of His Majesty the pot and bone status he had as

resource when Ahlulbait peace be upon them, until it came when some historians some doctrines and Mahdtijm that they have and they described the following description that he did not know of Al Abi Talib Ashraf him proportions and louder in Manzala, included research on a range of topics: the search in his name and lineage, and his birth and his qualities, his elders and his disciples, and his novels and his positions with the Imams (peace be upon them) (satisfaction - Gawad - Pacific - the military - the Mahdi peace be upon them), and then his death . It relied on a number of sources and references in the completion of this research and these sources, promoter gold and metals essence of Messaoudi and book index of Tusi and the history of Baghdad al-Baghdadi and the history of Islam's golden and men of my father David to my father David, and men son Algdhaira for Gdhaira and virtues Al Abi Talib, Ibn month Ahob. The references are book Nicknames of Sheikh Abbas Qomi and Book Encyclopedia layers scholars to Sobhani and the balance of wisdom to Mohammed Richehri and men left their fingerprints on the facial features history of Mr. Nice Caspian and sailor Anwar Mohammed bin Muhammad Taqi Majlisi and notables Shia Mohsen Secretary global In Rehab Shiites Baqir al-Sharif al-Qurashi & Glossary Men talk to Abu al-Qasim al-Musawi al-Khoei and Encyclopedia Mustafa Hussein, marjoram for Shakiry and criticism of the men Tafrha. There are sources and references cited within the context of the research and come to the set of results is that back in proportion to Ja'far ibn Abi Talib and this title Jaafari .asr five of the Imams (peace be upon them) as of satisfaction with the peace and the end of the Mahdi expected (hurry God reappearance). Suffered from the Abbasid authorities and been jailed for more than once, the most recent being the cause of his death. Abu Hashem achieved for many miracles at the hands of the Imams peace be upon them. He had a great status when imams so that became the subject of their families. He had a sharp and strict attitudes towards the Abbasid power and followers. Move between Baghdad saw the mystery of communication with the Imam Hadi and military agents Imams peace be upon them. Despite the narrowing of the Abbasid power enables Abu Hashem of communication with the Imams peace be upon them. Different narrators in determining the credibility Some have not documented the and I consider ultra Shiites but promised a tongue and casual Snippy while claim narrators of Shiites and Mahdtija and considered as resource Perhaps the reason for this is his version of the miraculous about the infallible that are inconsistent with the thought and principles follow the Umayyad and Abbasid line for this was not considered by historians Umayyad and Abbasid line as resource. Abu Hashim was the subject of confidence and so we find that in some cases have Kmersal between imams and their followers or agents.

Find devoted to the study of personal attributes and their relationship with the director of theatrical scenery. Find and contained four chapters, Chapter One: Find a problem and identified the following Balastvham: What personal Iraqi director and its relationship with the view of theatrical features? And it included the importance of research in which the research is to provide accomplishing cognitive benefit students in the field of competence in terms of presenting analytical and descriptive study of the personal attributes of the Iraqi theater director in terms of the reflection of those psychological and social attributes on the theatrical scene. This chapter included the goal of the research focuses on known Iraqi director personal attributes and their relationship to the view included the theatrical Chapter limits Find identified spatially in the presentations at the Faculty of Fine Arts / University of Babylon theater, either temporally in the presentations made during the years 2005 and 2006. The objective is


to study the personal attributes Iraqi director and its relationship with the theatrical scenery.
Chapter II contains the theoretical framework and previous studies and discussed, and included three sections, the first section is a personal concept and theories dealt with, and Me The second topic of personal characteristics of the creative, and the third section Fna Bmkhrgen playwrights global and reflection of their characters in their presentations theatrical features and concluded Chapter previous studies and the most important indicators resulting from the theoretical framework.
And devoted Chapter III of the research procedures, which included the research community, which included all the presentations made at the Faculty of Fine Arts / University of Babylon Theater for the period from 2005- 2006, and included chapter research methodology and its tool and sample of the research and the selection of samples are a play (doubt), directed by Ahmed Mohamed Abdul Amir and display play (reasonable!), directed by Ali Reza fried, and deliberate manner. Then the sample analysis by indicators resulting from the theoretical framework.
Chapter IV contains the results obtained Allehaualastantajat and a list of sources and references Arab and foreign.

The Arab Islamic Civilization has attached great importance to the subject of the mark because it is a sensitive topic associated with the emergence of the Arabic grammar . The goal of its evolution is to serve the Holy Koran. It is the first source of the legislation of all Muslims . By its means it is possible to understand the Holy Koran text and produce the legal provisions that regulate the individual and Community life .
This service works on spreading prosperity , happiness and stability throughout the whole existence . This service has been the maintenance of the Arabic from extinction and distortion .
The topic is going to go into the following three stages : 1/ First , the linguistic stage .
2/ Second , the diagram stage . 3/ Third , the logical stage .

The Faculty of Arts at the University of Babylon, one of the most important arts colleges in Iraq are working on educators and teachers competence of art education graduate as well as "for professional artists. The project material from Aldharria materials most important in the number of plastic artists, but with all Aljhodalta efforts of specialists in order to project success especially in the field of painting, but we note a clear lack of output this article so it was necessary to disclose the difficulties faced by students in this article and stand by to be addressed in order to improve the students and Article desired level therefore present study aims to reveal the difficulties faced by the fourth grade students in material embark Thus current research on four chapters were included
Chapter One: The first chapter discusses the research problem and its importance and the need for it, and goals of research and its borders as well as the definition of terminology
The second chapter: it included the theoretical framework of the research and previous studies as the Department of the theoretical framework into two sections in the first section dealt with researchers meaning of difficulty and learning difficulties and in the second section dealt with researchers substance of the project and the types of projects and the process of the establishment of the project but also addressing researchers steps to implement the project and the importance of the time and place for for practical lessons in the Department of Art Education.
While included Chapter III: the research methodology and the search tool and procedures, as the researcher reviewed the research community and the specimens and the tools used and which were extracted validity and reliability, represented as a percentage of the extraction ratio of the agreement between the experts and researchers used the weighted average, which represents the degree of sharpness to find the value of the paragraphs of the tool according to (equation sharpness of Fisher) and the researchers used also law percentile weight: to demonstrate the value of each paragraph and he read the questionnaire and to benefit from it in the interpretation of the results and also the Pearson correlation coefficient to find a retail stability busts between odd and even paragraphs and researchers used the Spearman Brown formula to correct retail stability midterm coefficient.

The idea is based on searching for ways to achieve women's power during Umayyad era, and whether this power was linked to the community by the same perceptions and adapted according to the parameters in the society where all kinds of petty physical pleasures and methods of women's employment to be prepared for one of those pleasures, and to contemplate this environment and its clear and direct impacts on women in production of contradicted prevailing in society, from women delicacy and their vulnerability to prominent as powerful in battle and shares in military leadership and managed to reject the policies of AlHajaj publicly, in an environment where AlHajaj had quieted all sound louder than his voice.

The criminal imageries of financial and administrative corruption the Iraq penal Code No. 111 of 1969 .
The subject of administrative and financial corruption of topics beginning to her a lot in our society and especially after 2003 , and with the growing economic recovery in Iraq and its transformation toward democracy . but we hear financial and administrative corruption is a crime and punishable by law.
But the question her Is there a specific law criminalizing the administrative and financial corruption?
Is the financial and administrative corruption specific chiefs offense?
There are a lot of questions that arise in this research will try to shed light on them , trying to find a legal answers in the light of the Iraqi penal Code . where we will discuss the definition of corruption , forms and images contained in the penal Code as a crime as a misdemeanor or a felony and penalty according to law. What are the proposals to be put forward as a means to limit the growth of this phenomenon and the development of effective legal solution to address them.

Among psychologists that when human study, no factor is more important than the psychological point of a sense of security factor, because each element of the elements of the environment involves almost everything from the need of the individual to security, there is a need for a sense of security regarding access to food or housing or insurance clothing or other physiological needs, personal or social needs such as the need for love and belonging and appreciation.

While Failure to satisfy the need for security makes the individual tense and more worried about everyday situations, and less able to proactive and flexible than others, and more susceptible to suggestion, and more rigid and cautious and hesitant, responds to life situations driven by what felt by the lack of security concerns, and the behavior is structured and inefficient and illogical.
The lack of security generates Aware variable value judgment negative, leading to the emergence of behavioral methods or goals or values are not socially acceptable, hence the need for psychological security pay the individual to belong to the group and the formation of social relationships result in a social interaction between him and members of the group appears to have needs love and belonging, which is the foundation component of social behavior.
: The current research aims to achieve the following objectives
.- Measure the psychological level of security to the students of the Faculty of Fine Arts.
.- Measure the level of the concept of concern to students of the Faculty of Fine Arts.
.- knowledge of psychological security relationship to the concept of anxiety.
.knowledge of psychological security relationship sex (male - female )) -know the concept of relationship anxiety sex (male – female - After analyzing the goals and based on what emerged from the search. results researcher concluded the following:
-The students of the Faculty of Fine Arts, enjoy a high level of psychological security.
-The presence of a statistically significant positive relationship between psychological security and the concept of anxiety.
-The presence of statistically significant differences in psychological security level differences among college students according to gender in favor of females.
-The presence of statistically significant differences in the level of anxiety is understandable differences among college students according to gender and in favor of males.

The following research has dealt with the aesthetic features of the form in the ancient murals Egyptian, trying to find out the value of the form in frescos which are interested in building a mental idea provide the interpretation of structure behind the visible surface manifestations to construct text parietal.
The research has contained four chapters ;the first chapter included the research’s problem and its significance and the need for its. Are there any specific features to

this style? And what are these features or the aesthetic? And if it is enriched the form as it was a structural for philosophical , intellectual and aesthetic meanings in the ancient frescos Egyptian ?
In addition to that , The first chapter has also dealt with the aim of the research which is reflected identifying the aesthetic features of the form in the ancient Egyptian murals conceptual and constructing , besides the limit of the research and determine the terms.
The second chapter has included three searches, the first one contained the study of the of the form concept and its aesthetic functions in according to the endoscopy and philosophical views, while the second search contained the study of art in modern state in Egypt, and the third one showed what is the form aesthetic in the ancient Egyptian art ( murals ).
The third chapter has contained the search procedures and because of the expansion of the research community, the two researchers have obtained only ( 50 ) works from this community and it has been chosen the research sample in intentional way according to series of reasons and set in (5) models for the sample of the research and the two researchers have depended on the descriptive approach in analysis the samples and in a way of content analysis.
The fourth chapter has contained the results and conclusions, in addition to recommendations and proposals , among of these results is;
1. The Egyptian murals has two structures ; one is superficial to describe direct form and the other is deep, operates a text drilling area and to search an Alsimeology by organizing the relationships which form the visible text inscription or drawing, and do not oblige with relations in place and time, this is clear in all models of the search sample.
2. The aesthetic features of the form in the ancient murals Egyptian, have symbolic energy, some of them environmental metaphors filled with ideas in the structure of the text growing from its nature towards other meanings in the text as in examples (3) and (4) and others metaphysical metaphors emitted from the artist’s ideas which are filled with many examples and which are far away from the living reality, that is mean, it is just photos in his mind and especially gods and this is clear in models (1, 2 and 5 ) from the sample .

1- definitionsearch
1-1 Introductionresearchand its importance
That sporting activities, including the game hand ball rely basic skill sare important as a base for progress as to make teachers and coaches spend most of the time in the education and training to perform these skills, education and giving its biggest share in the educational and training programs' but a long time in physical training is not the only way to learn basic motor skills there area lot of way sand methods that help to speed learning motor skill sand acquisition, including the use of training on mental training, where this training to ease the burden on the player through the exchange of labor between the physical side,the mental side, learning a unified process that involves the mental and physical sides works.
Mental training is one of the strategies technology sports training, which got the attention of many specialists in this area' because of its positive and effective role in the development of the level of performance, especially after it became a mental and psychological skills of importance to the upgrading of the level of performance, the ability to mental training of important variables affecting performanceas used for the purpose of rendering performance and by reviewing the skill mentally includes the elimination of errorsperception of the correct method of performance,and that most of those who have a clear idea about the key aspects of skill can by mental training compared their responses to performance optimization and the ncorrect serroneous responses.

1- definitionsearch
1-1 Introductionresearchand its importance
That sporting activities, including the game hand ball rely basic skill sare important as a base for progress as to make teachers and coaches spend most of the time in the education and training to perform these skills, education and giving its biggest share in the educational and training programs' but a long time in physical training is not the only way to learn basic motor skills there area lot of way sand methods that help to speed learning motor skill sand acquisition, including the use of training on mental training, where this training to ease the burden on the player through the exchange of labor between the physical side,the mental side, learning a unified process that involves the mental and physical sides works.
Mental training is one of the strategies technology sports training, which got the attention of many specialists in this area' because of its positive and effective role in the development of the level of performance, especially after it became a mental and psychological skills of importance to the upgrading of the level of performance, the ability to mental training of important variables affecting performanceas used for the purpose of rendering performance and by reviewing the skill mentally includes the elimination of errorsperception of the correct method of performance,and that most of those who have a clear idea about the key aspects of skill can by mental training compared their responses to performance optimization and the ncorrect serroneous responses.
The importance of the research is to go to the field of junioreducation in the game handball and try to facilitate the educational mission 'as well as mental training link in the operations control the thought sand movement sphysical and organization of motor behavior and exploitation of phrases and positive thought sand appropriate models to assist in the ability to mental training and regular process compatibility between training mental and learning skill practice.
1.2 Research Problem: That physical training only on the performance of motor skills is not enough to learn and master the full' as the educational and training process in the field of Physical Education rely mainly on physical and mental coherence and diversification in the use of methods and this require sattention to these two sides and focus on the aspects of mental especially while learning new skills and during research erexperience for being a teaching aid for several years to material handball

note that mental training excludes within the modules used in the college curriculum, along with the piece lack of attention means learning(visual 'audio' sensory), which is an important means and effective learning hand ball skills when combined with training mental therefore felt researcher studying this problem through the use of mental training as a means associated with the teaching skill and improve the educational process for the better((The mental practicea strategy of knowledge more effective than non-practice and should be used complementary way with the practice
of physical to give the best)) results(14: 343).
1.3 Research Objectives
1-numbers program for training associated with mental skill education for the students of the second stage in the Faculty of Physical Education-University of Babylon 2.determine the impact of mental training associated with teaching the skill to learn some basic skills Hand Reel.
1-4Hypotheses:Mental training program associated with the teaching skill positive impact on learning some basic skills Hand Reel
Find1-5majalat
1.5.1 the human sphere:a sample of students from the second stage-Teaching. Department/Faculty of Physical Education-University of Babylon.
1.5.2 temporalsphere: for the periodfrom09/27/2013up to15/01/2014.
1.5.3 spatialdomain: College of Education Hall of Mathematical University of Babylon.

The current research was devoted to the study of intellectual references playwright (Taha Salem), and contains a search on the four seasons.
The first chapter discusses the research problem and identified by asking the following:
What are the intellectual references in the play texts playwright (Taha Salem)?
Chapter also included the importance of research in which lies provide search accomplishing cognitive intake of Iraqi writer has a long history and the presence of a distinct specialization qualitative field authoring theater, as this chapter included the goal of the research focus to identify the intellectual references in the play texts playwright (Taha Salem).

And contained the second quarter included the first two sections came from the study of intellectual references Bmarjaaat Iraqi theatrical text while the second topic Me studying the life of the writer Taha Salem in the first axis and the second axis was interested in studying folklore understand and inspired.
The third chapter devoted to research procedures, which included the research community, which included all the plays this playwright which was annexed by the limits of search spatially and temporally.
The research sample chapter also contains choosing Msarhatan a play (Tuntal) and (city under the cube root) and in a manner modernizing reasons Sogtha researcher to cope with the detective and to achieve the objectives of research and problem- solving and reach scientific results.
Also included Chapter research methodology and its tool and then the samples analyzed by observation form prepared by the researcher based in drafting the indicators resulting from the theoretical framework that.
And contained the fourth quarter results that Touseln to which I referred in its entirety to the playwright (Taha Salem) has put forward ideas and new visions through his plays and adopted by the inspired folklore, how annexation chapter conclusions and recommendations and proposals, including intellectual references to the legend in the play texts Iraqi and concluded researcher studied a list of sources and references Arab and foreign.

TV works on the development of values and rules of conduct systems whether in young or adult persons, This development comes in the frame of the social development pursuing that happened in the society.
The passive use of modern methods has led to increased patterns of undesirable behavior in the community by watching Turkish soap operas and imitating, or contact between criminal groups and the coordination of their operation or in terms of inventing advanced criminal me thods .
Dubbed Turkish drama has been swept Arab and Iraq satellite channels since 2005 and until now. This drama took control of its events and stories win heroes on the behavior of individuals especially teenagers of them Faces and features of ( Lamees\ Noor \ Mohanad\and others ) are still engraved in the young persons memory
. As far as ( MurradAlam Dar ) had influential stories and events. These events are applied in the rooms and popular districts , In Iraq, some young persons held champions Turkish soap operas in their dress and behaviour and the type of their cut hair , the color of tie, the color of shirt and dress.
The researcher observed that Arab satellite channels competed each other to attract Turkish soap operas and dubbed them into Arabic dialects, Young persons crowd to watch them . The young person derives a part of his experience and culture of them , and problem here lies in his acceptance to what has broad casted This happens because of his actual experience is limited.

The scientific importance of this research comes into being from the knowledge of the serious effects in the imitation of the young persons for the dramatic scenes that they have been watched. Consequently, these scenes reflected on their criminal behaviour.
The present research deals with the influence of watching Turkish series on criminal behaviour, The digital space helped this category of imitation the crime in the same image that was watched of the commited crimes.
It has been performing research on those who watch Turkish soap operas order to identify the impact of these series on the conduct of young person,
Several inquiries were put by the researcher to researched persons of youth prison in the province of Najaf for the purpose of answering them. These inquiries are related to the extent of youth watching and camses of youth watch. Also , they are related to the scope impact of demographic factors on the follow-up, and the impact of watching on criminal behaviour .

The Holy Quran a special approach in the delivery of its objectives to the addressee, he is in his speeches sometimes summarizes and outlines, and sometimes separates the shows and sometimes repeats. Repetition has been a prominent phenomenon in the fiction side more than the other aspects of it. This phenomenon has formed a problem when some scientists and researchers Negotiable between her and dismissive. And the certainty that the defect is not in the Koran, but the imbalance in the minor understanding which was unable to understand the purposes of the Koran behind the phenomenon of repetition in the side stories in particular aspects to year in general has this understanding born of a minor by some scholars suspicion raised about repeating the Koran story Quranic, of course, is the suspicion is not misplaced. And raised suspicion about the phenomenon of repetition formed the researcher research problem, and became incumbent on the researcher to seek a statement of the purposes redundancy in the Koranic story; because it is a statement purposes fall suspicions, and prove other aspects such as the miracle of Pthdehm Balataan Similarly statement that each repeat destination different from mentioned elsewhere Repetition but it came depending on the significance of the diversity of intentionality, which are


as diverse symptoms Hence it is clear that it is not frequent, such as tampering with just a few students. Find and over (meaning without repeating word) in the Koranic story, which is this cantho- repeat Mamdouh; because Oadzhm that come surah like him and he came what were unable to come by in many citizen In many Wall dealt with Quranic stories. So is the authentic study in this section; as they unveiled the purposes of the Koran in the phenomenon of repetition in the Quranic stories diaspora subject and Hdhirath collected at senior and latecomers and re-drafting of a new, they began to approach descriptive then launched Foundation to approach critical analytical constructive combining theoretical aspects, and aspects Applied, at the same time did not ignore what inductive approach has been able to afford it in determining the purposes of the Koran

The research current (anxiety and Assimilation in modern painting) in an attempt to detect the concept of anxiety and Assimilation in the artistic output expressionist, and for stopovers in artistic styles of the currents modern _ painting expressionist _, this study was to highlight the importance of the psychological dimension and Assimilation in works of art to artists (expressive movement) . In order to achieve the goal of the research, has included four chapters, the first of which was allocated: methodological framework starting with the problem of search and search through in order to: - Know representations concern in modern painting. For the time period (١٨٨٥- ١٩١٨) in works of art (drawn textured oil paintings), as well as identifying terminology suffered by the search. As such the second chapter, the methodological framework for research, the three sections, within the first topic, the concept of anxiety and attention has been focused in the second section about, concern in light of the theories of psychology. As the third section has included: Anxiety and Assimilation in

expressionist art. The third chapter research procedures in terms of inventory of the research community has been contained, and the tool, which included the collection of information, and was a sample of it to adopt deliberate manner, was the number (١٥) model (paintings drawn textured oil) covered the limits Find the adoption of the descriptive approach for the purpose of analysis. Finally, the fourth quarter included the results and conclusions also included the fourth quarter, the recommendations and proposals that emerged from the research in light of his
goal, and with data relate to the theoretical framework, and the mostimportant results: -
١ -for self-expression and concern ways to show the shape and dimensions of meaning by giving semantic and symbolic form after the failure to absorb the real psychological dimensions and insider self.
٢- represented shapes in Expressionists fees varied in content and themes and ideas, as the artist to take advantage of one key idea and embodied in creative new optical broadcast speech, loaded connotations and implications of symbolic and expressive values of the deepest and most prolific, as in all the sample models.
One of the main conclusions: Unseen Expressionists authority of mind for the sake of freedom and the will of the painter, the proposed Topics once and shapes rebellious flowing by internal impulses, and the modification and distortion in eating forms, in order to obtain the expression sign in psychology, and surprisingly greater than is characteristic of forms actually fashionable, is a feature Expressionism, which led to the launch of imagination and expression conscious about the implications.

Metaphoric competence is the knowledge of and ability to use metaphor appropriately and effectively. It contributes to all aspects of communicative competence, and is therefore highly relevant to foreign language learning, teaching and testing. This study investigates the effect of instruction on the use of the conceptual metaphors. The sample of this study consists of forty students. Twenty students were enrolled in an experimental group that received instruction designed to increase their ability to useand understand metaphors. The other twentystudents were enrolled in a control group, which received no instruction.The results show that, compared to the control group (traditional-based approach), systematic presentation of the target figurative expressions on life around the two conceptual metaphors they instantiate improves comprehension and spontaneous preservation of these expressions among Iraqi EFL learners

Education is an essential determinant of development in any country . the rate of Illiteracy and low education is unacceptable nowadays in Iraq , Babylon province population was suffering from this serious problem which has very bad economic, social and health consequences, Babylon Illiteracy rate is among the highest rate in Iraq.
This is a descriptive cross section study was conducted was conducted during the period November,2013 through April 2014 to identify the main challenges that affect the Illiteracy elimination campaign in Babylon province- Iraq this survey included interviewing a sample of teachers and participants involved in this activity through a pretested questionnaire ; the results show that the majority of Illiterate people are in the productive age and they are belonging to the poor socio economic sector , the vast majority 95% of teachers were not exposed to training courses in this field. Poor managerial skills of the supervisors were evident in this study, late providing of financial support to teachers and students, lack of teaching materials and the far distance between the places of residence of participants and some learning centers.

Urgent actions are strongly needed to overcome these chalanges.

Motivation has been widely accepted by both teachersand researchers as one of the key factors that influencethe rate and success of second/foreign languagelearning. Motivation provides the primary impetusto initiate learning the foreign languageand later the drivingforce to sustain the long and often tedious learning process(Dornyei, 2001: 117). The Factors that affect the learners motivation towards English language are investigated in the present study. The results obtained throughout the questionnaire and the statistical analysis show that learners are motivated mostly by learning a foreign language to be used and especially the English language.