Journal of Petroleum Research & Studies

Gasoline is a volatile mixture of flammable liquid hydrocarbons derived chiefly from crude petroleum, which is used principally as a fuel for internal-combustion engines. Gasoline is a blend of hydrocarbons with some contaminants, including sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and certain metals.
The octane number of gasoline increases continuously and linearly with antiknock additives percentages in gasoline. Hence, P (180-E.BP) is a fractionation cut of power former

effective compound for increasing the value of the octane number of gasoline when added to unleaded gasoline in percentage of 5, 10, and 15 on volume basis. The engine performance improves as the percentages of P increase in the blend. Fuel additives are used to improve gasoline performance in vehicles and to reduce specific emissions.

Yamama formation in southern of Iraq has been studied well, and 25 core samples have been chosen from 7 wells to study their responses to matrix acidizing experiments by different acid solutions. It is found that:
1. Solutions of 5% HCl as preflushes and afterflushes are needed in volume depended on cores porosity.
2. A solution of 15% HCl with its additives [0.6% A-250 and 0.75% of the solution of Iraqi detergent powder] was the suitable solution for the stimulation of these cores.






Previous acid treatments were analyzed and the following techniques were suggested to get the best results:
1. Using paccaloni planning- evaluation method to get the best quality control.
2. Placing the acid in front – of the perforation interval.
3. After completion of acid injection, an immediate opening to flow is necessary.
4. Adequate cleaning period would be important after acid job.

An experimental work was carried out for the recovery of carbon dioxide in monoethanolamine solution (MEA) using pilot plant of perforated sieve tray column. The effect of MEA concentration, carbon dioxide ratio in the gas phase, liquid flow rate, gas flow rate and CO2 loading in the absorption solution was investigated. The results show that the efficiency of recovery increased by increasing the concentration of MEA and better removal efficiency can be achieved by increasing the liquid flow rate and the contact time between CO2 and the absorbent and that can be happened by decreasing the air flow rate.

Poly (viny1 alcohol) (PVA) of 72000 g mol -1 molar mass was cross linked through cold cast esterification with different mol % of MA and EDTA (10 % , 20 % and 30 % ), and two different mol % mixture of MA / EDTA (20 %/5% and 20%/10%(.
Molecular structures of the produced membranes were identified by FTIR spectral analysis .
Mechanical measurements showed that, PVA cross linked with 30 mol% EDTA gave higher tensile strength value, while PVA cross linked with 30mol% MA gave higher elongation value at break.





Water swollen of the membranes was studied at ambient conditions and different pH solutions (4, 5, 6, and7) .

Water swollen of the membranes was studied at ambient conditions and different pH solutions (4, 5, 6, and7) .
Maximum swelling percent (Sw%) value at equilibrium was at pH7 for all membranes and this value decreases as pH was decreased.
Relation between maximum Sw% and the cross link density (c) was obtained mathematically to prove that the decrease in Sw% is due to the increase in c.

The fly ash of the residue of fired power station contains percentage of some valuable material. Their recovery is important regarding the environmental limitations and economically .The process of nickel recovery from ash using nitric acid was conducted. The effect of temperature ,acid concentration and time was studied and the limiting step was found .

The main purpose of this study is to estimate hydrocarbon potentialities of Yamama Formation (Valanginian–Early Hauterivian) by using assessment technique links up between gamma ray spectrometry logs and other conventional open hole logs for determining the petrophysical properties of Yamama units in Subba oil-field and oil water contact as well.
The Lower Yamama (YB); is considered the main reservoir unit, aptly composed of shallow high depositional energy levels of oolitic to bioclastic grainstone facies reflecting low clay-content, thus these properties had gave a fruitful chance as for immigrated oil to accumulate in the porous bodies of this reservoir units.

The non-improved petrophysical properties of upper Yamama member (YA) due to far-deep depositional conditions reflected by well-developed dense-compact sub-tidal open-shelf lagoonal benthic foram / algal wackestone facies and sparse-fossiliferous lime mudstone intercalated with bioclastic wackestone facies, are clearly displayed sedimentary intervals of high clay-content that is, the reduction potential depositional conditions are highly affected on these facies.
YB-unit have attained (22-29m) net pay thickness with porosity (9.35-10.9%) and water saturation ranged (40-40.6%),whereas the YA-unit net-pay thickness is reached to (7.5-16.5 m) with (6 % phi) and (35.3 %Sw). The oil water contact at the lower Yamama member may assign at depth 3573m (MSL) of southern dome on basis of electrical logs monitoring, well log interpretation and test results carried out the formation units.