Thi-Qar Medical Journal

Background and Objectives:
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is caused by the accumulated high amount of fat in the liver
independently of alcohol consumption.The aim of this study was to identify risk factors and their association
with certain laboratory tests in nonalcoholic fatty liver patients.
Methods:
This case-control study was conducted from February 2022 to July 2022 in both Shar Hospital
(public sector) and Baxshin Hospital (private sector). 148 Kurdish adult, their age 18 to 70, participated in
the study. 148 participants were interviewed in a questionnaire; 74 peoples were of NAFLD (cases), and 74
were without liver disease (controls). SPSS was used to analysis the data.
Results:
A total of 148Kurdish adults were included in the study. Participants in control group had a higher
intake of tea and vegetables compared to case group, was statistically significant. But smoking and physical
activity had no statistically significant relationship with NAFLD between bot group (P>0.05). Patients with
NAFLD had dyslipidemia, higher mean (s.triglyceride, LDL, and s.cholesterol levels, and lower mean HDL
values) than those without NAFLD, and statistically significant differences (P<0.05).
Conclusions:
It was concluded that drinking tea and eating vegetables strongly correlate with NAFLD because
they help the liver be protected from fatty liver changes.

This study is undertaken the explore effect of chronic leptin administration on body weight,
reproductive organ weight, sperm count and male sex hormones. Rats were treated daily with a single
intraperitoneal injection
15g/kg body weight of leptin for 45 days. Body weight, were measured
every five days over the experimental periods. At the end of treatment, rats were anesthetized with
ether and immediately killed by cervical dislocation. The right epididymis was removed and minced
in 2 ml normal saline. The suspension was filtered and stained with 1 % eosin. Sperm count were
conducted. Blood was collected from the heart puncture, clotted and centrifuged to obtain the serum.
Serum testosterone, FSH, LH and leptin were measured using ELISA technique. The testis,
epididymis and prostate were calculated their relative organ weights. In this study was significantly
decrease body weight in leptin-treated group. However, Serum testosterone, FSH and LH levels were
however increased significantly in leptin-treated group compared to controls. Sperm count was
significant lower in leptin-treated groups when compared to age-matched controls.

Objective:
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is becoming a stand-alone bariatric surgery
for obesity.
Aim
To evaluate the effectiveness of LSG for weight loss and associted comorbities on
obese patients in medium term follow-up
Patients and Methods:
The study consisted of 47 patients (40 females and 7 males) underwent LSG the
period from September 2012 to january 2018 at Medial city Baghdad teaching hospital 3rd
floor single team results. The BMI ranged from 36 to 66, and aged from 18 to 66 years.
Patients were grouped into three groups according to preop. BMI 3539.9 (11) 40-49.9 (18)
>50 (18).Medium-term outcome measures were: total weight loss (%TWL), excess weight
loss (%EWL) and associated co-morbidities.
Results
47 patients underwent LSG in our unit comprising 40 women and 7 men with a mean
age of 33.7±7.2 years. preoperative mean body weight (BW) and BMI were 127±23.8,
47.2±7.6 respectively, After LSG, the mean BW significantly declined to 97.2±17.1 kg at 6
months, 88.3±14.4 kg at 1 year, 85.1±13.7 kg at 2 years,83.7±13.6 kg at 3 years and
82.2±11.1 at 4 years, Postoperative BMI was 36.1±5.3kg/m2 at 6 months,32.9±4.49 kg/m2 at
1 year, 31.7±4.3 kg/m2 at 2 years,30.8±4.09kg/m2 at 3 years and 30±3.3 at 4 years
Conclusion
LSG is effective in weight loss and is a resonable option for obese patients,especially
for patients with a BMI >40 kg/m2

own to restore hepatic glutathione) could prevent acetaminophen-induced hepatic
injury. Use of these agents resulted in dramatic increases in survival, but the side effects
(flushing, vomiting, and “misery” associated with these therapies led researchers to seek
alternative treatment(7).
This study which was done for a total (45) mice, over a time of 30 days, reflects that
paracetamol overdoses causing hepatic enlargement with high significant results (P<0.0001),
although combined together with Methionine and by the same intra-gastric route of
administration, with no any hepatoprotective effectiveness of Methionine, that there is no
significant results (P=0.1566).
Also this study reflects; that there were no any effect of Methionine on the ratio of the liver
wt. / body wt. of the mice, in which the (P=0.1668 "no significant results), against
paracetamol over-doses induce hepatomegaly, while paracetamol was highly significant
(P=0.0001) on this ratio, when compared with control group.

There are different surgical techniques recently to reduce the size of the inferior turbinate
such as; coblation technology, submucosal diathermy, endoscopic piriform turbinoplasty. The
purpose of the study is to assess the effectiveness of endoscopic turbinoplasty in patients who are
suffered from nasal obstruction because of inferior turbinate hypertrophy.
In our research 50 patients were included who are complained of nasal obstruction with bilateral
inferior turbinate hypertrophy, surgery in form of endoscopic turbinoplasty were performed on
them.
Finally, the endoscopic turbinoplasty is considered as an effective surgical management of
inferior turbinate hypertrophy.

Background:
Different studies conducted nationally and internationally to find out the different
factors for oral fungal infection in the diabetic patients. The connection between hyperglycemia
and fungal infection has been studied extensively. However, this issue is underexplored in Dhi
Qar context. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of oral fungal infections among
patients with diabetes were diagnosed and treated in Alnassiryia Diabetes center , Alnassiryia
teaching hospital and Consultant Clinics in Dentistry College in Dhi-Qar city.
Method
This is a cross-sectional, study was conducted on Diabetic patients from different
healthcare centers , living in different areas in Dhi-Qar governorate. It was carried out during
the period from first of November 2021 to 20th of February 2022, where a 145 diabetic patients
of both sexes ,who previously diagnosed with diabetes, presented with various oral cavity and
other systemic diseases, were enrolled in this study by using simple random sampling technique ,
and the oral cavity for each one was examined clinically . Data were collected through a
predesigned questionnaire covering medical history of diabetes with multiple demographical
and clinical characteristics of patients and , Microsoft Excel for Window version 2010 was used
for data management and descriptive statistics were analyzed by SPSS version 20.0.
Results:
The current work found that there were significant associated of a state of poor or bad
oral hygiene , and type of diabetes therapy especially in those patients that used life style
changes , or those using insulin with
oral hypoglycemic drugs on the risk of oral fungal infection.
The older the patient , comorbidities as respiratory tract infections , Cardiovascular system
infections , Gastrointestinal tract infections , and kidney diseases and the smoking type social
habit for diabetes patients , the higher probability they get oral fungal infection (p<0.05).
Conclusions:
Oral fungal infection is prevalent, while presence of poor or bad oral hygiene , and type of
diabetes therapy along with poor glycemic control and with the higher age group of the patients
presence of comorbidities , and those of smoking type social habit . are the most important
factors affecting the incidence of fungal infections in oral cavity.

This study was conducted in order to determine some of the changes that thalassemia
can cause on some of the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the blood. (60)
samples were selected and divided into three groups, the first represents control and includes
(20) samples from healthy people, the second includes (20) samples and represents the group
of people with thalassemia with spleen, and the third group includes (20) samples and
represents the group of people with thalassemia who have had their spleen removed. The
results of the current study showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the levels of both
hemoglobin and compacted cell volume in the second and third affected groups compared to
the control group, while the results did not show any significant differences (P < 0.05)
between the three groups in the rates of both Cholesterol, protein and glucose.

early workers. Although the Taggart and Walker theory has probably been the one most
CSF path ways dilatation accompanied by a posterior compartment cavity& both cerebellar
atrophy is known as Dandy Walker malformation, is a rare syndrome with facing a challenge
in its presentation & management. The sign & symptom rely on congenital malformation in
toddler. If the problem due to raised ICP the infant is presented with large size head& sign &
symptom of CSF pathways dilatation. In older children, cerebellar atrophy principally imitate
axial trunk instead of peripheral limb ,intellectual retardation , papilledema & extra ocular
muscle extirpation are apparent .
Materials:
By this retrospective study 14 cases were collected , diagnosed and treated throw out our
neurosurgical field in Nasiriyah teaching hospital from 2014 to 2020. The diagnosis depends
on radiologic investigation. Presently, the most definitive diagnostic imaging method is
magnetic resonance imaging.
Outcome:
Surgical treatment of 10 cases with douple catheter of ventricular system & posterior
cranial fossa sac.Four cases treated with standard shunt system originating in the lateral
ventricle with aid of endoscope for fenestration of membrane responsible for non
communication to facilitate creation of one compartment. Patient outcome good and
discharged well.

Background:
Discrete subaortic stenosis is a dynamic and presumably gained cardiac anomaly in which
the left ventricular outflow tract is impeded by a subvalvular fibromucular band. This
condition may occur as an isolated defect or be associated with other anomalies. Discrete
subaortic stenosis remains a surgical challenge for the comparatively high prevalence of
relapse of stenosis or evolution to aortic regurgitation.
Objective:
To review surgical outcome in discrete subaortic stenosis and evaluate of additional risk
of associated anomalies in surgical outcome.
Methods:
Thirty-seven patients (16 males and 21 females) underwent surgical resection of subaortic
membrane. Their data were collected and retrospectively studied from 1st of January 1999 to
1st of November 2017 at Ibn-Alnafees Teaching hospital for cardiothoracic surgery in
Baghdad, Iraq. We divided the patients into two groups, group A: included eight patients who
had isolated subaortic membrane and group B: included 29 patients who had associated
anomalies. A comparison was made between the two groups according to preoperative
variables and postoperative morbidity and mortality.
Results:
Postoperative mitral valve injury, iatrogenic ventricular septal defect,residual subaortic
stenosis and aortic valve injury were not observed in any patient. Post-operative complete
heart blockwasseen in one patient only belong to group B (3.45%). Tachyarrhythmia post
repair was founded intwo patients in group B (6.89%) versus no any patient in group A. There
was no operative death, the mortality was (0%) in both groups.
Conclusion:
Surgical outcome of resection subaortic membrane is excellent in early term with low
morbidity and mortality whether it was isolated lesion or associated with other anomalies.

Cryptosporidium is one of the parasites that is most frequently found in cancer patients
receiving chemotherapy and HIV patients. Several epidemiologists indicated that there was a
connection between cryptosporidiosis and cancer. Cancer patients with parasitic infections were
the targets in the current study. The present study was carried out during the months of July
through December 2022 in the governorate of Thi-Qar. The total number was 260 cancer
patients, blood samples were collected from them and examined via the ELISA system to detect
the infection with intestinal parasites (C. parvum,). The total number of a positive patients for
intestinal parasite C. parvum were 2(2.85%), the examination of serum samples for anti
cryptosporidiosis antibodies revealed that (2.85%,1.4%, and 2.85%) of them were positive for
IgG, IgM, and IgA respectively. According to the ELISA findings, elevated immunoglobulin IgA
level in cancer patients infected with C. parvum are evidence of invasive infection.

Background:
During pregnancy, blood changes occur in order to meet the requirements of fetal and placental
development, with significant changes in blood volume. The abnormal bloody appearance affects
pregnancy and its outcome. This study aimed to assess the blood parameters of pregnant women in
Thi- Qar Governorate .
Methods:
The samples was collected in Al-Furat Specialized Laboratory in Thi- Qar Governorate, Iraq,
during the period from December 17, 2021 to the end of February 2022. The study included (90)
pregnant women of different ages in the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Pregnancy.
Oral consent was obtained from each participant prior to participating in the study. They were given
questionnaires for information such as age, address, duration of pregnancy and Folic A supplement.
Samples of 5 ml of venous blood were collected by sterile disinfection technique and 2.5 ml of
blood was placed in EDTATube.
Results:
There are a significant differences were shown in hematological parameters of 1st and 2nd
trimesters, these variations were seen in Hb, WBCs, granulocyte and PCT levels under (p value ≤
0.05). significant and highly significant differences in the WBCs and their components between
pregnant of 1st and 3rd trimesters under (p value ≤ 0.05). WBCs and its related parameters showed
high significant correlation between them and different trimesters, also the present study revealed
significant and high significant correlation.
Conclusion:
In brief, hematological parameters are differ during different trimesters of pregnancy with low
levels of hemoglobin and high WBCs and their components which differ significantly through
different stages of pregnancy.

Background: Trauma affect maxillofacial region represent a high challenging difficulties for
healthcare specialist worldwide. Especial attention was produce with a high diversity and
incidence of traumatic facial injuries.
Objective:
This study was conducted to evaluate the etiology and pattern of maxillofacial injuries, in
addition to the treatment plan among patients in AL Kindy teaching hospital / Baghdad- Iraq
Materials and methods: A total of 1965 patients were attending to the Al Kindy teaching
hospital / oral and maxillofacial department, suffering from maxillofacial injuries were
involved in a retrospective analysis conducted in a period of 3 years from July 2019 - July
2022. From 1965 patients, only 165 patient’s records who were manage at department of
emergency or in maxillofacial department were analyzed as indoor patients. Gender, age,
etiology of trauma, type and location of injuries, with management methods must happen
were recorded.
Results:
Result of 1965 individual, associated trauma were recorded about one hundred sixty five
(165) patients. The most etiological factor was (RTA). Mandible was the major bone
fractured. Predominant maxillofacial treatment plan were inter maxillary fixation. In addition
to that, suturing of soft tissues laceration were recorded a high percentage among treatment
method. the "Fisher‘s exact test" was recorded a statistically significant differences between
cause of maxillofacial fractures, with the type of fracture.
Conclusions:
Application of a sever road with safe measures in a different regions in Iraq, to prevent and
minimize mortality and morbidity related to the RTA is very important. Trauma of facial
skeleton should be approaching with a good knowledge of possible related injuries may be
happen.

Hyperthyroidism is a group of illnesses characterized by excessive thyroid hormone production
and secretion by the thyroid gland, resulting in thyrotoxicosis, a hypermetabolic state. Diffuse toxic
goiter (Graves disease), toxic multinodular goiter (Plummer disease),and toxic adenoma are the
most frequent types of hyperthyroidism. Thyroid hormone levels are high in thyrotoxicosis, with or
without increased thyroid hormone production.[1,2] Graves disease is the most frequent kind of
hyperthyroidism in the United States, accounting for 60-80% of thyrotoxicosis cases. During a 20
year period, the annual incidence of Graves disease was determined to be 0.5 cases per 1000
population, with the peak occurrence in adults aged (20-40) years.[13] Toxic multinodular goiter
(which accounts for 15-20% of thyrotoxicosis) is more common in iodine-deficient areas. Most
people in the United States have enough iodine, while the incidence of lethal multinodular goiter in
the US population is lower than in iodine-deficient are as of the world. Thyrotoxicosisis caused by
toxic adenoma in (3-5) percent of patients.
Methods: Descriptive, Cross-sectional study Retrospective study The study took place in Thiqar
governate , study begun at 14thof march 2022 and ended at 11thof may 2022. The population of
Thiqar about 2 million [20] , The study includes the students and staff from Thiqar university,
children younger than 15 and elderly above 70 were excluded. Sample size is 430 given by the
supervisor, collected through Google form–based Questionnaires published in the official websites
of colleges of Thiqar University.
Analysis : Qualitative data had been analyzed by using SPSS (statistical package for social
science),were Reliability, frequency, percentage and chi square had been calculated.

Two local isolates of acetic acid bacteria belonging to the genus Acetobacter sp. Were isolated from
natural sources. The first isolate (Acetobacter sp. N1) was isolated from soil sample taken from
garden of biology department and the second isolate (Acetobacter sp. N2) was isolated from raw
vinegar by using yeast extract agar and nutrient broth, (pH 5.0 & 5.5) respectively.
Both isolates were identified according to morphology of colonies, type of cells according to Gram
staining, catalase, oxidase, moility test, and also their production of acetic acid as Acetobacter sp.
Production of acetic acid was detected from both isolates by using fermentation medium (apple
extract medium supplemented with other nutrient). The total acidity was 14% and 16% for both N1
and N2 respectively.