Iraqi Journal of Market Research and Consumer Protection

This experiment was conducted in one of fields belong to College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences/ University of Baghdad –Station Research (F) in Jadriya. to find out effect of natural zeolite, organic fertilizer (poultry manure) and mineral fertilizers and their interactions, “Dounia" cabbage growth and yield, a field experiment was carried out in fall season 2021and the number of plants in the experimental unit was 20 plants. Treatments were replicated three times at factorial design in a RCBD. Factors of study experiment included addition of three levels of natural zeolite (without addition (Z0), 5 Mg.ha-1 (Z5), and 10 Mg.ha-1 (Z10)), while poultry manure was added with three levels; without addition (O0) , 5 Mg.ha-1 (O5), and 10 Mg.ha-1 (O10), As for mineral fertilizer treatments, they were added in three levels (50%, 75%, and 100% of complete fertilizer recommendation), which were 100 kg ha-1 N, 150 kg ha-1 P, and 150 kg ha-1 K, which are denoted by symbols M50, M75, and M100, respectively. The experimental results showed that natural zeolite at 10 Mg. ha-1 (Z10) significantly increased in shoot dry weight of 113.74 gm plant-1, root dry weight of 37.07 gm plant-1 and total yield of 27.66 Mg. ha-1. Results also shows that poultry manure at 10 Mg. ha-1 (O10) gave highest shoot dry weight of 105.33 g. plant-1, highest root dry weight of 31.38 g. plant-1, highest leaf chlorophyll content of 174.37 mg 100 g plant-1 and highest total yield of 27.98 Mg ha -1. As for addition of mineral fertilizers, data cleared that, addition at 100% of complete fertilizer recommendation (M100) gave highest shoot dry weight of 109.24 g. plant-1, highest root dry weight of 33.02 g. plant-1 , highest leaf chlorophyll content of 172.07 mg 100 g plant-1 and highest total yield of 27.94 Mg ha-1.

The aim of this study was to extract the enzyme actinidin from kiwi fruits and purify it partially and determine the pH and the optimum temperature for the effectiveness and stability of the enzyme. Three concentrations of the purified enzyme were used for treatment of aged poultry meat for a period of 2, 4 and 6 h for the purpose of softening it. Some variables used as indicators of oxidation were monitored. The results showed that the crude enzyme had activity of 23 units/ml and specific activity of 19.65 units/mg, and the purification steps resulted in obtaining the enzyme with specific activity of 52.80. The results indicated that the optimal pH for enzyme activity and stability was 7, and the optimum temperature for enzyme activity was 40°C, and the enzyme retained its activity in the range of 20-60 °C. Treating aged chicken breast meat with enzyme led to a significant decrease in peroxide value with increasing enzyme concentration, and it increased with incubation period. The value of total volatile nitrogen was at the lowest value in the control treatment (5.44%) and increased with increasing enzyme concentration and incubation period. The values of Thio barbituric acid showed a significant increase in the control treatment and reached its highest value in the longest incubation period, and actinidin enzyme decreased the values of Thio barbituric acid at all concentrations used. The values of free fatty acids decreased in the enzyme-containing treatments, compared to the control, which gave the highest value (0.68 for an 8-h incubation period).

The experiment was carried out in one of the fields of the Agricultural Research Department affiliated to the Ministry of Agriculture in Abu Ghraib in the year 2022 for the purpose of calculating the total costs of the Renault type tractor and studying the effect of three different equipment represented by the disc softener, masher and seeder and three levels of depths of 5 cm, 10 and 15 cm on the performance of the type tractor (Renault has been studied) overall economic costs, The Randomized Completely Block Design (RCD) system was used, and the results were analyzed using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) method at the level of 0.05 and compared with the averages of the coefficients. The results showed the following:
1- Changing the type of machine from disc harrows to packers and then to seeders led to a significant decrease in the total costs from 24119 to 24055 and then to 19793 (D.ha -1).
2- Increasing the depth from 5 to 10 and then to 15 led to a significant increase in the total cost of the mechanical unit from 22521 to 22678 and then to 22768 (D. hectare -1).
3- The overlap between the disc harrows and the depth of 15 cm led to recording the highest value in the total costs, which was 24245 (D. Ha-1).
As for the overlap between the seed and the depth of 5 cm, it led to recording the lowest value in the total costs, and it was 19639 (D. ha- 1).

The research aimed to identify some of the personal characteristics of the respondents and their agricultural systems (educational level, age, experience in palm cultivation, tenure, the importance of palm in income) and determine the level of spread of palm trunk injection technology for fertilization and control in the Tarmiya district, the research community included palm farmers, who numbered 1708 and distributed as follows (1000 Tarmiya, 495 viewing, 213 Al-Abaiji) A proportional random sample was taken by 7% and by 120 respondents and distributors on ( 15,35,70) researcher, and to achieve the objectives of the research prepared a questionnaire consisting of two parts, the first part included some of the personal characteristics of the respondents, the second part included (11) paragraph and distributed on 4 areas and 8 axes, was measured according to a bilateral scale (yes, no), was given the following weights (0.1) respectively, used many statistical means of frequencies and arithmetic mean, percentages, and the equation of alpha Cronbach, weighted mean, percentage weight, The results of the research showed that most of the respondents are from the age group of 46-58 years and holders of an intermediate certificate, and have experience of 22-38 years, and own small areas distributed between (3-35) dunums, plant palm trees with small areas distributed between (3-35) acres, and the number of palms is estimated between 20-280 palm trees, and the respondents rely on palm cultivation as the main source of their income, which is 72.5%, and the results also showed that farmers apply technology to all the area of the orchard, which is 95.8%, and that The number of years of application ranges between 4-6 years and by 47.5%, and that the respondents continue to apply the technology by 95.8%, and the results showed that the respondents want to continue to apply the technology by 95.8%, and that the technology of injection of the palm trunk is compatible with the experiences of palm growers and appropriate with their farm systems and by 96.6%, and compatible with the values and customs prevailing in the region by 92.5%, as well as that the respondents have sufficient experience and skills to apply the technology and by 95.8%, and the researcher recommended to Continuing to spread this injection technology because of its role in preserving humans, animals, the environment and beneficial insects such as bees in all governorates of the country, and Increasing interest in technology and increasing government support for farmers by providing this technology and training farmers on how to use it.

A molecularly imprinted polymer was used to make two electrodes (MIP). MIP was manufactured using Diazepam (DZP) as the template, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propan sulfanic acid as the monomer, and N.N-methylene bis acrylamide as the cross-linker. Non-imprinting polymers (NIP) were created using the identical composition, minus the template (Diazepam). Tritolyl phosphate (TTP) and dibutyl sebacate (DBS) are examples of plasticisers utilised in the PVC matrix to produce films. DZP-MIP electrode slope, detection limit, durability, and linearity range are evaluated. The outcomes of the selectivity measurements on the interfering cations (Al + 3, Ca + 2, and K +1) indicate that they do not inhibit Diazepam. The produced electrode exhibited favorable response, including to conduct research on pharmaceuticals.

the aim of the study is determining the effect of agricultural investment and operation expenditure in agricultural domestic product in Iraq for period(1990-2020) . The public expenditure is include of investment and operation expenditure .the investment expenditure increase production capacities it's so effect in agricultural growth ,but it's unsteady because economic and security state of the Country on other side reduction in public and private agricultural investment but the operation expenditure features with increase it's size because expansion the employment in public sector. It was obtained on time series data of variables in model after test stability of the variables in the first different.We used Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) to analysis the data to measurement the effect of operation and investment expenditure at agricultural domestic product ,the results explained when operation expenditure increase by% 0.01 due to reduce in agricultural product by%0.10 it's refer to un employment in ministry of agriculture and their institutions , The higher operational expenditure compared to investment expenditure, the last have significant on Agricultural product, when it's increase% 0.01 cause increase% 0.06 in agricultural product, we recommend, restructured public sector to reduce operation expenditure and raise investment, efficiency workers in agricultural public sector .

The experiment was conducted in agricultural fields of the Agricultural Research Department in Abu-Ghraib region during November 2022 to study three levels of depths: 2, 4, and 6 cm, and three speed 5, 6.5, and 7.5 km h-1 on the performance of the fertilized seed drill, SAKALAK SK-FM, with the Renault tractor as a mechanical unit in the silty clay loam soil. The following characteristics were studied: the percentage of slippage, actual field productivity, fuel consumption, and number of plants per square meter. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design, with split plot arrangement with three replications. The depth allocated to the main plots, and the forward speed allocated to the sub-plots. The results indicated that highest slip ratio7.06% and pulling force 12 KN at the interaction between depth 6 cm and forward speed 7.5 km/h , the lowest slip ratio 3.55 and pulling force 8 KN at the interaction between depth 2 cm and forward speed 5 km/h. The lowest fuel consumption 6.39 and the number of plants per square meter 4.33 at the interaction between depth 2 cm and forward speed 7.5 km/h, The highest fuel consumption 10 and the number of plants per square meter 5.67at the interaction between depth 2 cm and forward speed 5 km/h.

The research has aimed to determine the problems of using digital agricultural extension in providing agricultural extension services from the viewpoint of agricultural extension agents. The research population has included all agricultural extension agents who work in the Agricultural Extension and Training Department, the Training and Rehabilitation Center, the Agricultural Extension Center for Training, Al-Tarmiya Farm, as well as Al-Rashidiya Farm in Baghdad Governorate. The population consist of (100) agricultural extension agents, thus, a random sample has been taken from the research population at a rate of (83%). Accordingly, the proposed sample size has included (83) agricultural extension agents (from male and female). To achieve the goal of the research, a questionnaire has prepared that included two axes: the axis of administrative and financial problems, and the axis of technical and human problems, and the approval of the agricultural extension agents (male and female) has measured by asking them about the extent of the problem or non-existence of the problem, using the phrases (yes, no) and assigning degrees (0,1), and then identifying the extent of the impact of these problems (if they exist) using the phrases (low, medium, big) and grades were assigned to them (1,2,3), respectively. The results of the research have shown that most of the agricultural extension agents have indicated the existence of these problems as well as their direct impact on the use of digital agricultural extension in providing agricultural extension services to target audience, as the general impact rate of administrative and financial problems was (2.41) degree, and the rate of technical and human problems was (2.32) degree, so, these results may reflect the realism and objectivity of the problems addressed in the research, as well as their direct impact on the use of digital agricultural extension. Accordingly, the failure to confront and solve these problems will turn into a threat that prevent or fails the entire process, and in return, seeking to solve these problems and overcome them by the decision-making authorities in the Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture and the Agricultural Extension and Training Department in particular, will provide an appropriate environment and achieves a satisfactory level of efficiency and effectiveness in the process of using digital agricultural extension in providing agricultural extension services to the target audience.

A field experiment was conducted in a research station affiliated to the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad, from March to Juley 2021. The study's objective was to investigate the effect of foliar application of the urea, nano-amino acids, and yeast extract, under two different lighting intensities on the growth and yield of leaves. The experiment included two factors: the environment type, involving an open field (100% lighting) and 50% shadow (50% lighting). The second factor included foliar spray of the yeast extract 5 and 7.5 g L-1, 1000 and 2000 mg L-1 (as urea), and nano-amino acids 1 and 1.5 ml L-1 with half the amount of nitrogen and the entire recommended amount of N, P, K and treatment (full amount of N,P,K fertilizers). The experiment was conducted using the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) according to the Nested system with three replicates. the results observed that cultivation under shade achieved a significant increase in plant height, number of branches, leaf area, and total chlorophyll (83.6 cm, 10.63 branch plant-1 and 15.45 dm2, 1.05 mg g-1 respectively), while the result was reversed in The fresh and dry yield of the leaves reached the highest at 100% lighting (1902.6 and 877.6 kg ha-1, respectively),the concentration of N,P,K leaves. Results showed that all foliar spray treatments increased significantly compared to the control. The highest significant increase was from the two spray treatments, urea of 2000mgN L-1 and nano-amino acids of 1.5ml L-1 at the shadow plants for the traits, the plant height, number of branches, leaf area, and total chlorophyll content, while in the open field environment, recorded the highest fresh and dry yield of leaves(2007.8, and 995.2; 1955.1 and 957.7 kg ha-1 for the two treatments, respectively).

A field experiment was in research station Aljadriya at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad– Iraq (33̊ 16̍ 02̋ N. 44̊ 22̍ 33̋ E) during spring season - 2022. The purpose of the investigation was to evaluate the effect of Tillage, Crop Rotation and Crop Residues Management Practices on soil organic carbon (SOC) and active soil carbon (ASC), Aggregate stability and saturated hydraulic conductivity. The experiment was laid out on Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with Split –Split Plot Arrangement. Factors were: Crop Residues (0% Residues (0%R) and 100% Residues (100%R)), Tillage (Minimum Tillage (MT) and Conventional Tillage (CT)) and Crop Rotation (Clover – Maize and Clover – Mung Bean) with four replicates. Results of the trial indicated that the best results were with the treatment (100% R + MT + Crop Rotation Clover – Mung Bean) giving (12.78 g SOC Kg-1 Soil , 178.92 mg AC Kg-1 Soil, 44.72% Aggregate stability, and 2.79 cm h-1 for Saturated hydraulic conductivity) compared with results of the Treatment (0% R+ CT + Crop Rotation Clover - Maize) giving (8.08 g SOC Kg-1 Soil, 88.88 mg AC Kg-1 Soil, Aggregate stability 39.05%, Saturated hydraulic conductivity 2.32 cm h-1). So, it can be concluded that adopting good management practices can improve many soil properties like Organic Carbon and Soil aggregate Stability leading to healthy and productive soil.

The object of this study was to measure the effect of air pollution on the health of the workers exposed to the heavy fuel oil (HFO) combustion fumes. This was achieved by testing the alteration in the levels of saliva and serum nitric oxide (NO), peroxynitrite (ONOO¯) and ischemia modified albumin (IMA). The participants enrolled in this study were male workers (N= 59) at heavy fuel oil combustion unit in Dora station of electricity in Iraq. Healthy individuals with matched age and body mass index (N=53) were also enrolled in the study to be used as a control group. The results detected a significant increase in the level of serum nitric oxide (NO) and peroxy nitrite (ONOO¯) (p<0.005), meanwhile a non- significant alteration of these levels was found in the saliva (p>0.005) of the workers group when compared with that of control group. The measured parameters also included measurement of serum and salivary level of ischemic modified albumin (IMA), which showed a highly significant increases (p<0.001) in both types of the tested fluids. The influence of different factors such as the age of the workers, mode of working, smoking habit and using the safety equipment on the levels of the measured biochemical parameters were also checked in this study.