JOURNAL OF HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL STUDIES

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the Seal of the Prophets, our Master Muhammad, and upon all his family and companions, now to the point:
This is a research entitled (King Abdulaziz\'s strategy towards British politics (1332-1351 H / 1914-1932 G). It discusses King Abdulaziz\'s strategy towards British politics. It dealt with Britain\'s situation in the Arabian Peninsula region when King Abdulaziz appeared, and the march of the unification of King Abdulaziz - may Allah have mercy on him - for his country, Britain’s reactions, and King Abdulaziz’s strategic ability to deal with it, as King Abdulaziz’s strategy - may Allah have mercy on him - in dealing with Britain led to its recognition of his sovereignty over the areas under his control, and it guaranteed him financial and military assistance. which was badly needed in order to confront Ibn Rashid, as well as to secure the British position.
The treaty did not stipulate the necessity of an actual participation in military operations, as Britain wanted to win King Abdulaziz - may Allah have mercy on him - and weaken Ibn Rashid, an ally of the Ottomans, from attacking its forces heading towards Iraq thanks to his presence, and to ensure that King Abdulaziz - may Allah have mercy on him - would not attack Sharif Hussein, an ally of Britain, and to secure Britain\'s maritime lines of communication in the Arabian Gulf, so the Saudi-British relations became more and more closer.

The House of Sorrows is a town located on a ford near Damascus. In the year 574 AH, Saladin was preoccupied with ending the state of disobedience of Ibn al-Muqaddam in Baalbek, who refused to surrender the country, so the Sultan besieged the country, until Ibn al-Muqaddam relinquished his position and surrendered the country.
The Franks took advantage of the Sultan\\\\'s preoccupation with the order of Baalbek, and they built a heavily fortified fortress on that image, and his position in it was dangerous to the Muslims and their movements.
And when Sultan Salah al-Din completed his orders towards Damascus, and he was preoccupied with the matter of the fortress, and asked them to destroy the money, and demanded from them, and urged them to obtain money, so he gave the Sultan until he reached a hundred thousand dinars, with the Franks inside them. Greed and abstained.
And he removed the fort by force, so he besieged the fort and then attacked it, and the soldiers were able to break through the wall, and they entered the fort, and they fought in it until they became dead and captured.

The Abbasid state gave great attention to economic aspects. As one of the important components of building states and their prosperity, this indicates the stability of the political situation, and the system of confiscations emerged explicitly during the period of the Abbasid Caliphate due to the large number of Confiscations that Spreaded in Country Abbasiya led that to necessity construction Debt private Organize Affairs Country, Which Release on him Diwan The confiscations, in order to supervise everyone included in the confiscation, and the first beginning of the emergence of the Diwan was during the rule of Caliph Abu Jaafar Al-Mansur (136-158 AH / 754-775 AD). However, the nature of its purpose did not become clear until the days of the Caliph Al-Mutawakkil Billah (232-247 AH). /846-861 AD) when he ordered its establishment in order to take care of the confiscations and their money. The confiscation of the Umayyad state’s funds was considered one of the first confiscations that occurred in the Abbasid state. That is when the Abbasids quickly began confiscating the Umayyad property, which included ammunition, money, and many residential homes and herds, after the Abbasid victory in the Battle of Zab in the year (132 AH/750 AD).

The twenties of the twentieth century are the turning point in the position of British women. As the Women's Federation for Syndicates and Definitions has played an important role in enhancing women's position in conservative policy Especially because this organization made its primary goal that politics is a duty that must be practiced by women as citizens and consumers. This was proven in the twenties of the twentieth century, As the central office of the Conservative Party made strenuous efforts to attract women, it began to focus its publications on the role of women for the first time. This policy continued until the end of World War I (1914-1918). As the feminist organizations embarked on their political path to demand their electoral right in 1918, they were supported by the inclusion of their demands and orientations within the electoral platform of the Conservative Party, which is for equality and defending their rights in all fields. He expressed his platform by supporting the conservatives' progressive record in local politics, sympathizing with the social cultures of working women, and infusing a spirit more compatible with activities that could belong to all classes. This program, which the organization used, played a pivotal role in consolidating conservative speeches in the constituencies. In fact, the call of the Conservative Party was somewhat late, as it faced a challenge from the Workers’ Representation Committee, which announced its establishment and changed its name to the Labor Party in 1906 and its adoption of the Women’s Support Project, which was reflected in the Conservative Party’s acquisition of this aspect, especially since the Labor Party provided a lot These events led to an intensification of the conflict between women affiliated with the Conservative Party and their competitors from the Labor Party.

The Islamic holy places remained a source of interest and excitement for orientalists, and Mecca and Medina remained far from the maps of Western orientalists because they remained inaccessible to non-Muslims. Accordingly, orientalists tried to enter them, some after they converted to Islam and some after they pretended to be Muslims. In addition to the scientific and exploratory goals, there were some economic, political and perhaps colonial reasons that prompted them to study them. In this research, we present their opinions and studies in an analytical form.

The aim of this research is to identify the crossings through which Arab-Islamic civilization entered the West in the fields of applied sciences (astronomy - physics - chemistry - medicine and pharmacy...), by examining Islamic civilization and highlighting the most important things that the West learned from it, and showing the extent to which Westerners were influenced by Islamic civilization. In applied sciences.
The Arab Islamic civilization had the credit for laying the basic building blocks for the human and applied sciences in Europe, and that the first to discover the experimental method were Muslim scholars, and that Ibn Sina, Ibn Rushd and others are considered professors for many Western scholars in philosophy and human sciences, and it is necessary to benefit from them Among the Islamic scientific schools that were the foundation of the Western Renaissance, and positioning these schools as building blocks upon which the Islamic Scientific Renaissance was built again, is benefiting from Western sciences derived from Arab-Islamic sciences, and developing educational curricula in Islamic countries according to their style, taking into account that they do not conflict with the Islamic faith, morals and principles. Islam.

This is a summary of the research entitled (The scholar and his approach in his book Noor Al-Absar fi Bayan Mawlid Al-Nabi Al-Mukhtar), which, as is clear from its title, discusses the biography of the Great Messenger (peace be upon him) and his book: (Noor Al-Absar fi Bayan Mawlid Al-Nabi Al-Mukhtar), a unique manuscript copy, except that it contains a major omission. In appreciation of the author’s efforts, which are unknown to many specialists, I wanted to introduce him and his book in this research entitled: In the hope of finding a complete copy of this book, I divided this research into three sections: The first section: Introduction to the author, the second section: Introduction to the book, and the third section: The author’s approach in the book.
Sheikh Suwaidan, an Egyptian scholar who has approximately 46 books and letters, died (may God Almighty have mercy on him) in the year (1234 AH/1819 AD) in Cairo. His book was characterized by brevity, as the author stripped his book of the chains of transmission or duplicate information, and limited it to the most important information

What is said about the Utterance of Ustadh
This research deals with the word “Ustadh”, which is one of the most frequently used words on the tongues. There is almost a consensus that this word is not Arabic, but rather it is an Arabization of the Persian language. There is a huge gap in its use, as it is sometimes specific and restricted in its application, but most of the time it is absolute and is applied to anyone without any control, especially in the speech of the common people. In this research, we try to clarify its meaning and origin, from which language it came, when it entered the vocabulary of the Arabic language, to whom it is originally applied, how the meaning of this word developed historically, the extent of accuracy in applying it to whom it is applied, and how the Arabs dealt with it, deriving from it and collecting it in a sound masculine plural, a sound feminine plural, a broken plural, and so on.

In the Umayyad era, a class of political opponents appeared who insulted the so-called SA'alik and were called tramps, knowing that we do not know whether these were really tramps or whether the SA'alik was a charge attached to them for one reason or another, perhaps because some of these stood in the face of the Banu Umayya and opposed their style of government, the class of Tramp poets who and moving away from the Islamic faith, their confrontation was with rebellion and revolutions, fleeing from the face of power and they were organizing poetry in this position.

Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allaah be pleased with him) did not shoulder the task of making conquests, but he gave Science and learning a special importance and showed great keenness to teach people to read and write, and founded the true religion by sending emissaries who specialized in this or assigned his workers to carry out these tasks, resulting in a generation that loves the book of Allah and in accordance with the Sunnah of His Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, understands what religion requires to be applied and this confirms the success of these missions in reaching the purpose of sending them .

The peace prevailed over Ottoman-Austrian relations starting from the end of the reign of Sultan Suleiman Alqanony until the last decade of the sixteenth century, and political and economic motives led to renewed conflict between them in 1593 AD. The first years of the war witnessed Ottoman defeats and failures in more than one location, then the Ottomans achieved some progress by conquering Akri Castle in 1596 AD, and as the battles continued and approached their tenth year, neither side was able to end the conflict on its behalf in the final stage of the war (1604-1606 AD) The Ottoman army achieved some victories, but the situation on the eastern front and the internal conditions made the Ottoman leadership tend to end the war, Also the government of Austria was forced to search for peace to avoid losing more lands to the Ottomans, so the two sides concluded the Treaty of Zittvaturk in 1606 AD.