Journal of the College of Languages

This paper investigated style and ideology in No Enemies to Fight – Goodluck Jonathan on the Marble, a compendium of quotable quotes from the former Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan’s speeches. Prominent linguistic features that project the writer’s ideologies were identified, and then analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively, employing the theoretical framework of Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics. Findings showed that Jonathan deployed simple syntactic structures, inclusive person deixes and lexical reiterations to advance personal and political ideologies founded on honesty, humility, fairness, forgiveness, friendship, openness, prudence and respect for the rule of law. These held beliefs earned him the desired public acceptance and support. The research has not only unraveled Jonathan’s ideologies; it has also thrown light on the deployment of stylistics for espousing ideological positions in political texts.

Influencing others and persuasion play an important role in human dialogues, with argumentation being a special aspect. Argumentation is the use of language to persuade an audience. Rhetoric plays a crucial role in the structure of discourse, which is linked to the use of language and the style of sentence formation. Rhetoric serves not only to produce texts but also to develop a vision for issues of language and discourse. By examining stylistic phenomena and their relationship to levels of perception, researchers uncover hidden psychological, cultural, and social layers of the text. Olivier Reboul's approach to rhetorical argumentation sees the rhetorical aspect as making the discourse convincing through the unity of form and content. In this research paper, the Suraht Adduha is analyzed on the basis of Reboul's model. The results show all three figurative sections of Reboul's model correspond to the goal of the Surah. On the phonetic level, there's a close relationship between sounds and connotations, which can be observed in rhymed endings. On a structural level, elements like ellipsis, oath, emphasis, and fronting and postponement contribute to achieving the surah's argumentative goal.

This paper aims at analyzing how gender, race, and class interact and how such interaction affects the way the masculine identity of Frank Money is formed in Home (2012) by Toni Morrison. I attempt to analyze Morrison's depiction of manhood and investigation of masculinity in the context of her book by adopting a particular interpretation of the concept of intersectionality. The novel's storyline demonstrates the conflict between racial identity and the social standards of masculinity, which is seen in how socioeconomic gender roles, class, and maybe racial bias are portrayed. To effectively comprehend and address the challenges and injustices experienced by people with multiple marginalized identities, we must take an intersectional approach when addressing problems associated with race and gender together. This method makes it possible to analyze social issues more thoroughly and to create inclusive, successful campaigns to advance social justice and equality. My intention is to examine the author's skillfully crafted depiction of Frank Money's refusal to conform to the identity imposed upon him by oppressive power.

The present study focuses on the complex relationship between neurotic personality traits and criminal behavior as illustrated in Deep Water. It examines the protagonist, Vic Van Allen, and his descent into criminality using the social psychological framework of Karen Horney’s Theory of Neurotic Personality (1950). Such examination analyzes how his deep insecurities, heightened anxiety, paranoia, and pathological relationship gradually contribute to his involvement in criminological acts. Additionally, it sheds light on how negative external factors and social constraints increase his internal conflicts and trigger his criminological behavior. Amidst these complexities, the protagonist struggles to maintain a façade of self-esteem and an illusion of an ideal suburban life in America, navigating the slight balance between social acceptance and deviant behavior. This study reveals the complex relationship between the neurotic traits and criminal behavior in both literary portrayals and real-world contexts by examining the protagonist's involvement in criminal activities within the framework of marital relations and social interactions.

The current study aims at investigating the discourse of the press war around the Lebanese- Saudi crisis of late October 2021. This diplomatic and press war created a splash on Arabic and international media. The nature of the published press releases took both sides of the crisis. This study delves into the written media war between the two countries in terms of Van Dijk's social-cognitive framework. The critical theme in Van Dijk's framework is based on the concept of manipulation. The analysis is conducted by selecting two articles from daily newspapers published in Lebanon and Saudi Arabia. The study is a qualitative attempt to account for the strategies used by the media to reproduce the discursive reality of the diplomatic crisis between the two countries. The findings of the study revealed that the main manipulation strategies used in this discourse are targeting the cognitive level of short term memory by means of negative lexical selection of the other part rather than the positive representation of self.

Oktay Rıfat Horozcu is one of the most important poets and literary persona in the modern Turkish literature. Although he focused on the conventions of popular poetry, social traditions, and critical issues, Oktay Rıfat Horozcu also wrote abstract poems that can be called scenarios.Body and spirit represent two important aspects in human life. Human beings enjoy a binary inborn character where the spirit has a great importance like the body and sometimes the spirit has more importance than the body. Both have their needs, problems, and taste. For instance, eating while hungry is a need for the body, love and loveliness represent the need for the spirit. There exist several mental diseases in the same way there exist body diseases. The body and the spirit, which cannot exist without the existence of the other, have been identified, described, and explained repeatedly by several groups in the history of humanity. When it comes to talking about the spirit, poetry has been used to explain the elements that cannot be interpreted. Throughout history, several poets enhanced their poetry by tales of the body and the spirit. One of those poets is undoubtedly Oktay RıfatHorozcu, who is considered to be one of the most important poets in the modern Turkish literature.The paper opens with this detailed abstract. It studies then literary career of Oktay Rıfat Horozcu, the focus would be on his poetic quality. In the next section, the paper focuses on the body and the spirit. Finally, the paper studies tales of the body and the spirit in Oktay Rıfat Horozcu’s poems.

Writing and composing about nature has formed a significant volume of literary works since long ago. Poets and writers in genres such as nature writing, pastoral literature, nature-centered poetry have expressed their poetic view towards nature. A view that is shaped according to the lifestyle of man and his relationship with nature, and of course affected by poetic imagination and emotion. The question here is that at the same time as the emergence of the environmental crisis, which was the result of man's entry into the industrial age and man's dominant and instrumental view of nature, what change has occurred in the view of poets and writers on the one hand and in literary criticism on the other hand? What has been the position of literature and literary criticism in the experience of development and what is the relationship between literary works with nature and technology in the contemporary world? Is it possible to imagine a role for literature in the environmental crisis? In this article, we will answer these questions as much as possible and will briefly discuss the response of literature to the environmental crisis in the 20th century under the title of Ecocriticism and the importance and necessity of such an approach in contemporary literature.

The problem of this research is a debate in the artistic creation of poetry and language. There are several concepts in the artistic creation of words, which attention has created scientific debates in various sciences for years. In this article, concepts such as reality, metonymy, experience, social truths, human psyche, imagination, and verbal norms are discussed, and according to various discussions in reliable sources, a philosophical view of the impact of art is presented according to these concepts. By categorizing Persian literary texts into contemplative, Sufic, and imaginative texts, the characteristics of each are discussed with an example, and relevant cognitive points are mentioned. In short, the final word of the article is that all these concepts have an effect in creating verbal art, but what really makes a language or poem effective and penetrating is escaping from habits and breaking norms and contradicting the poet. This contradiction is not necessarily in breaking syntactic rules or rhetorical mental images, but in breaking the heart and a new emotional understanding and honest experience of a feeling that breaks the process of a normal and ordinary understanding and engages the speaker and the reader in another perceptive and emotional horizon for a while.
مسئله این پژوهش بحثی در آفرینش هنری شعر و زبان است. مفاهیم متعددی در آفرینش هنری کلام وجود دارد که توجه به آنها سال‌هاست در علوم مختلف بحث‌های علمی ایجاد می‌کند. در این مقاله به مفاهیمی چون واقعیت، مجاز، تجربه، حقیقت‌های اجتماعی، روان انسان، تخیل و هنجارهای کلامی پرداخته می‌شود و با توجه به بحث‌های مختلف در منابع معتبر نگاهی فیلسوفانه به تاثیر هنر با توجه به این مفاهیم ارائه می‌گردد. با دسته بندی متون ادبی فارسی به متن های اهل تأمل ، اهل تصوف و اهل تخیل به ویژگی های هریک با ذکر نمونه ای پرداخته می شود و نکات شناختی مربوط ذکر می گردد. به صورت خلاصه سخن پایانی مقاله آن است که همه این مفاهیم در ایجاد هنر کلامی تاثیر دارند اما آنچه واقعاً اعث می‌شود زبانی یا شعری موثر و نافذ واقع شود گریختن از عادت‌ها و شکستن هنجارها و خلاف گفتن شاعر است. این خلافگویی لزوماً در شکستن قوانین نحوی یا تصاویر ذهنی بلاغی نیست بلکه در شکستن قلب و درک عاطفی جدید و تجربه صادقانه یک احساس است که روند یک درک معمولی و عادی را می شکند و برای مدتی متکلم و خواننده را درگیر افق ادراکی و احساسی دیگری می کند.

Nahj al-Balagheh is one of the valuable religious texts, which has always been the focus of Iranian translators due to its deep concepts, and because of its high literary level, it has faced translators with challenges. It is obvious that in the translation process, in addition to the linguistic factors of the text, the context-oriented metatext elements also play an important role. Among the metatextual elements investigated in the field of translation studies are the cultural and ideological elements that are implied in the text of Nahj al-Balagha. Since the model of Carmen Garces is considered one of the most important models in the evaluation of translation quality, the present research aims to first introduce the principles and foundations of this model using the descriptive-analytical method and using the model proposed in the Garces theory. , then analyze and evaluate Dashti's translation of the sermon of Mutaqeen Nahj al-Balagheh using this approach and analyze the quality and manner of transferring metatextual elements such as culture and ideology from the source language and its representation in the target language by the translator in this sermon. The results of this research show that the translator considered the target language in translation and tried to make the source text fluent and the cultural and ideological elements comprehensible to the Iranian audience with effective strategies such as syntactic change and semantic expansion and change of perspective. to give On the other hand, avoid factors that have a negative impact on translation, such as inappropriate expression in the target text, maintaining the specific structure of the source text, changing the tone, and removing the meaning of the original text. Therefore, it can be said that Dashti's translation of Motaqin's sermon is a destination-oriented translation with relatively good quality.
چکیده
نهج‌‌ البلاغه از جمله متونی ارزشمند دینی است که به دلیل مفاهیم عمیق آن همواره مورد توجه مترجمان ایرانی بوده و به دلیل برخورداری از سطح ادبی بالا، مترجمان را با چالش‌هایی مواجه کرده است. بدیهی است که در فرآیند ترجمه افزون بر عوامل زبانشناختی متن عناصر فرامتنی بافت محور نیز نقش مهمی دارد. از جمله عناصر فرامتنی مورد بررسی در وادی مطالعات ترجمه عناصر فرهنگی و ایدئولوژیکی است که در متن نهج‌البلاغه به صورت ضمنی نمود دارد. از آنجا که الگوی کارمن گارسس، یکی از مهم‌ترین مدل‌ها در باب ارزیابی کیفیت ترجمه محسوب می‌شود، پژوهش حاضر بر آن است تا به روش توصیفی- تحلیلی و با استفاده از الگوی مطرح شده در نظریه گارسس، ابتدا اصول و مبانی این الگو را معرفی کند، سپس به تحلیل و ارزیابی ترجمه دشتی از خطبه متقین نهج‌البلاغه با استفاده از این رویکرد بپردازد و چگونگی و کیفیت انتقال عناصر فرامتنی همچون فرهنگ و ایدئولوژی از زبان مبدأ و بازنمایی آن در زبان مقصد را توسط مترجم در این خطبه مورد واکاوی قرار دهد. نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که مترجم در ترجمه زبان مقصد را مد نظر قرار داده و سعی داشته با راهکارهای موثری چون تغییر نحوی و بسط معنایی و تغییر دیدگاه، متن مبدأ را روان و عناصر فرهنگی و ایدئولوژیکی را قابل فهم برای مخاطب ایرانی قرار دهد. از سوی دیگر نیز از عواملی که بار منفی در ترجمه دارد، همچون بیان نامناسب در متن مقصد، حفظ ساختار خاص متن مبدأ، تغییر لحن، حذف منظور متن اصلی دوری بجوید. از این رو می‌توان گفت که ترجمه دشتی از خطبه متقین یک ترجمه مقصدگرا و با کیفیت نسبتا خوبی است.

Sam Shepard (1943-2017) was an acclaimed American playwright renowned for his exploration of familial themes. His works often examine the complexities and dysfunctions of family life, making him an important figure in modern theatre. Buried Child (1978), one of his most significant plays, won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1979. The play stands out for its dark, surreal portrayal of the family narrative, setting it apart from more conventional realistic family dramas. The disintegration of the family depicted in Buried Child serves as an example for broader societal issues, emphasising the family’s crucial role as the foundation of society. This study aims to analyse the psychological aspects of familial disintegration in Buried Child, focusing on the reasons behind the family’s breakdown and its psychological impact on its individual members. By applying Murray Bowen’s Family Systems Theory and Sigmund Freud’s concepts of remembering, repeating, and working-through, the study provides a comprehensive understanding of the characters’ dysfunctional behaviours. The research highlights the importance of addressing familial issues, as they influence societal health. Through this analysis, this study stresses the cyclical and multigenerational nature of trauma and the potential for psychological recovery.

A Study in Scarlet is a detective novel first published in 1887. The setting of the novel takes place in the late 19th century. The title of the Novel is derived from Sherlock Holmes' speech when he describes the investigation in any murder case as a "study in scarlet" to his friend Dr. Watson (Doyle, 1887, p.53). Conan Doyle introduces an ordinary figure with extraordinary analytic, detective abilities to solve complex cases and challenge the conventional ways that policemen use to solve cases. Holmes was a consulting detective who would become the most important famous detective in English literature. The novel explores different themes like crime, the impact of society on criminal behaviors, the effectiveness of science in solving crimes, and the difference between looking and observation. According to certain symptoms, this paper explores Holmes' paranoid issues in Doyle's novel A Study in Scarlet.

Pedro Salinas' poetry was distinguished among other poets who preceded him, as he tended in his poems to theatrical weaving in order to be close to the recipient in terms of influence and impact. Thus, Pedro Salinas is considered one of the important innovators in Spanish literature, and he gained his wide fame in this approach, which made him count among the generation of 1927 at a young age. He infiltrated the theatrical presentation through his poetic creations, which added a special flavor to his theatrical creations. He wrote fourteen theatrical works that were able to occupy a position that was emulated by many of his generation and those who followed him with a taste for the intellectual and humanitarian topics that he dealt with in his theatrical productions. What distinguished Salinas’s theatrical works was the way he used poetic language in the theatrical complex. We find that his theater was sometimes a special theater and the other was pure poetry. He was drawn to the theater in intellectual and organizational narratives, but he quickly returned to his poetic origins and made us sympathize with the balanced poetic systems.

Sam Shepard (1943-2017) was an acclaimed American playwright renowned for his exploration of familial themes. His works often examine the complexities and dysfunctions of family life, making him an important figure in modern theatre. Buried Child (1978), one of his most significant plays, won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1979. The play stands out for its dark, surreal portrayal of the family narrative, setting it apart from more conventional realistic family dramas. The disintegration of the family depicted in Buried Child serves as an example for broader societal issues, emphasising the family’s crucial role as the foundation of society. This study aims to analyse the psychological aspects of familial disintegration in Buried Child, focusing on the reasons behind the family’s breakdown and its psychological impact on its individual members. By applying Murray Bowen’s Family Systems Theory and Sigmund Freud’s concepts of remembering, repeating, and working-through, the study provides a comprehensive understanding of the characters’ dysfunctional behaviours. The research highlights the importance of addressing familial issues, as they influence societal health. Through this analysis, this study stresses the cyclical and multigenerational nature of trauma and the potential for psychological recovery.

This paper discusses the political activities and ideals that Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822) lived by and called for in his poetry and life. As a romantic poet, he believed in many liberal ideals that shaped his active live and affected his political view. Shelley protested against injustice through his words and actions, and made multiple severe statements that attack the politicians and those in power. This paper discusses his poem The Mask of Anarchy and states his passive resistance\'s notion in accordance with the poet\'s era. The poet himself lived an active resistance and a liberal lifestyle but in this poem he encourages people to have a pacifist attitude in their resistance . The paper analyses the poem line by line in order to discover the ideals in which Shelley tried to express to the English society and to the workers who suffered from the Peterloo Massacre in Manchester.

This study examines the transformation of political slogans, clichés, and stereotypes in Russia and Iraq during periods of political regime change in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The main objective of the work is to identify and comparatively analyze the linguistic and cultural changes that accompanied political transformations in both countries. The research is based on theoretical concepts of political myth, framing, and critical discourse analysis. The research methodology includes content analysis of political texts, comparative analysis of linguistic transformations, and analysis of statistical data on cultural consumption. The main hypothesis is that, despite the presence of common trends in linguistic and cultural changes due to global processes of democratization and globalization, the specific forms and dynamics of these changes differ significantly depending on the national context. The results of the study demonstrate that both countries experienced processes of de-ideologization of socio-political vocabulary, democratization of public rhetoric, and pluralization of worldviews. However, significant differences were also revealed, particularly in the nature of language policy and the role of religion in public discourse. The study contributes to understanding the mechanisms of interaction between language, culture, and politics in conditions of radical social transformations and can be used to predict the socio-cultural consequences of political changes.
Аннотация:
Данное исследование посвящено анализу трансформации политических лозунгов, клише и стереотипов в России и Ираке в периоды смены политических режимов конца XX - начала XXI веков. Основная цель работы заключается в выявлении и сравнительном анализе лингвокультурных изменений, сопровождавших политические преобразования в обеих странах. Исследование опирается на теоретические концепции политического мифа, фреймирования и критического дискурс-анализа.
Методология исследования включает контент-анализ политических текстов, сравнительный анализ лингвистических трансформаций и анализ статистических данных по культурному потреблению. Основная гипотеза состоит в том, что, несмотря на наличие общих тенденций в лингвокультурных изменениях, обусловленных глобальными процессами демократизации и глобализации, конкретные формы и динамика этих изменений существенно различаются в зависимости от национального контекста.
Результаты исследования демонстрируют, что в обеих странах наблюдались процессы деидеологизации общественно-политической лексики, демократизации публичной риторики и плюрализации мировоззрений. Однако выявлены и существенные различия, в частности, в характере языковой политики и роли религии в общественном дискурсе. Исследование вносит вклад в понимание механизмов взаимодействия языка, культуры и политики в условиях радикальных общественных трансформаций и может быть использовано для прогнозирования социокультурных последствий политических изменений.

The concepts of fabrics and clothing mentioned in the verses of the Diwan poetry contribute to enriching our understanding of the social culture of that period, society’s preferences in clothing, and the aesthetics of fashion in the daily life of the Ottoman society. Fabrics and clothing are prominent symbols that reflect the economic status and cultural identity from a social perspective, in addition to being decorative elements. Clothing represented specific social classes, professional groups, and even genders. At times, these garments were associated with the professions they symbolized. The quality, color, shape, and patterns of the fabric contribute to revealing the social and cultural environment of the person wearing the garment, as well as their spiritual state, worldview, social status, and economic condition—all without the need for verbal expression.
In classical poetry, poets reflect their vision of the era they live in through the words and metaphors used in their verses, presenting a comprehensive image of that period to future poets and generations. When studying Yakini’s Diwan in this context, it becomes clear that the poet accurately depicts the outward appearance of society in the 16th century in his poems.
In this study, the complementary elements (accessories) of fabrics and clothing mentioned in Yakini’s Diwan will be analyzed in detail.
ÖZET
Divan şiirinde beyitlerde adı geçen kumaşlar ve giyime dair kavramlar dönemin sosyo-kültürünü, toplumun giyim tercihlerini, Osmanlı toplumunun günlük yaşamdaki moda estetiğini anlamamıza katkıda bulunur. Kumaş ve kıyafetler, giyim eşyası olmasının yanında toplumsal açıdan ekonomik durumu ve kültürel kimliği yansıtan önemli sembollerdendir. Kıyafetler, belirli sosyal sınıfları, meslek gruplarını ve cinsiyetleri sembolize etmiştir, hatta bazen bu kıyafetler temsil ettikleri meslek gurubuyla özdeşleşmişlerdir. Giyilen kumaş kalitesi, rengi, şekli, motifi o kıyafeti giyen kişinin kendini sözlü olarak ifade etmeden geldiği sosyal çevreyi, kültürünü, kendi ruh dünyasını, dünya görüşünü, sosyal statüsünü, ekonomik durumunu yansıtması açısından bulunduğu ortama ipuçları verir. Klasik şiirimizde şairler beyitlerinde kullandıkları kelime ve metaforlarla dönemine bir vizyon sunarken kendinden sonra gelecek olan şairlere ve nesillere de yaşadığı döneme dair bir portre sunar. Yakînî’nin divanını bu minvalde ele aldığımızda şair, 16. yy’daki toplumun dış görünümünü şiirlerinde başarılı bir şekilde betimler. Çalışmamızda; Yakînî’nin divanındaki kumaşlar, kıyafetler ve kıyafetlerin tamamlayıcı unsurları(aksesuarlar) divandaki beyitlerde ele alınış şekliyle detaylı olarak incelenecektir.