Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology(MJET)

The work aims to study the joining process of to pices Aluminum alloy 7075 with each other using filler metal of copper or ( Tin + Lead ) by means of friction stir welding. A group of specimens were joined by friction stir welding method without metallic filling and using different velocities and different welding tool. Another specimen were taken with the same previous conditions but using metallic filler of copper or ( Tin + lead ) ( the filling metal used in Soldering) . It was evident the interference of this filler with the base metal (7075) with the assurance of granular growth in the region of interference, while when using the filler of copper type, no interference exist but the copper was found separated in the form of tapes around the region of its interference with the base metal. It was also found that the higher rotational speed will result in higher refragement in copper.

In this paper, Silica Fume (S.F.) be used for reinforce pozzolanic cement paste and the effect of using many weight percentages as (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) to lessening the concrete weight as a cement replacement in concrete mixtures on the mechanical properties was studied. High range water reducing added to decrease the water demand of the concrete, when silica fume added. Moreover, (0.025%, 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.15%) are the proportions of polypropylene Fibers (P.P.F.) by volume, which used to improve the pervious concrete mechanical properties, physical, and mechanical properties of hardened concrete containing voids ratio, compression strength, and flexural strength and, splitting tensile strength investigated. The density of reference pervious concrete that was get through the experimental work was (1835 Kg/m3) at (28) days ,it permeability coefficient (K) and voids content was (0.324) cm/s, and (30.21%) successively, The results shown important increase in compression, splitting tensile and flexural strengths of pervious concrete containing silica fume and (P.P.F.) comparison with reference pervious concrete. The mixture of (10%) of (SF) and (0.1%) of (P.P.F.) gave optimum increased in the compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strengths compared with the reference mix and the results (47.8%, 29.21%, and 24.41%) respectively.

The Kaolinite soil is considered as a problematic soil due to its low strength with high water content, low density and low permeability. So, there are attempts to improve the engineering properties of this type of soil by mixing it with different additives. In this study the Date seeds powder was used in two forms, first: as a powder (DSP) and mixed with the Kaolin soil at different percentages by weight (3%, 5%, 7% and 10%), and second, the powder was burned at 450OC for 4 hours in furnace (DSPB) then mixed with Kaolin soil at different percentages by weight (3%, 5%, 7%, and 10%). The results show an increase of 755% in the strength of the Kaolinite soils at 5% DSPB as compared to the origin strength when testing in unconfined compressive strength test UCS. Also, the results show a decrease in plasticity index for all mixture percentages in DSPB by 26.2% using 10%DSPB. Curing time results show high percent of increase in strength from 170 to 310 kN/m2 for 0 to 28 days respectively, this increase equal to 1386% from strength of reference soil.

In order to evaluate the quality of groundwater for drinking suitability purposes, a total of 27 groundwater samples from wells in southwest of Basrah city have been analyzed for various geochemical parameters. The aim of this research was to find the physicochemical quality of ground water in the southwest of Basrah. The results show that the quality of groundwater regarding the physical and chemical parameters of southern Basrah is unsuitable for drinking purposes. The total hardness (TH) was very high and it was in the ranged (740-6950) mg/l, also the electrical conductivity (EC) was very high and ranged (1720- 18030) μS/cm, while the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a value less than 100 mg/l for (TH) and 750μs/cm for (EC). According to the international and national standards the allowable concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS) should not exceed 500 mg/l, while the groundwater samples of the study area shows a range of (1200-10790) mg/l, therefore it is considered very high. Moreover, the other physicochemical properties of groundwater were analyzed and compared with those of drinking water standards recommended by the WHO. Groundwater for irrigation has been studied by using the rating of water samples in relation to salinity and sodium hazard graph. As a result of the study, only one sample was accepted for irrigation.

This research examines the physical helth care environments and explores how to utilize (indoor water features) for regenerating people spirit. Although much research supports the idea that natural elements may help alleviate stress and anxiety, but bringing nature into the public interior spaces is problematic. There is a lack of research about the relationship between the helth care physical spaces, stress, and indoor water features. This study investigates how to utilize (indoor water features) in the helth care public spaces that may help reduce stress potential. The absence of a comprehensive theoretical framework for the role of water feature as an effective restorative element that may reduce stress by providing a pleasant affect, and exploring its implicit psychological aspects constitutes the main research problem. In view of the problem under investigation, the goal of the present research is defined to arrive at the identifying of the main strategies to reduce stress potential by using indoor water features in the public helth care spaces. Arriving at the aforementioned aim requires building a theoretical framework, and then the application of the framework to selected interior helth care spaces images (with various water features) in order to test the validity of the hypothesis. Finally research findings, a set of recommendations are put forward.

Productions of surfaces composites have high mechanical properties and altered microstructural is attracting considerable attention. One of the methods of fabricating composite surfaces of aluminium matrix alloys are the procedure of Friction Stir Process (FSP). In this investigation, the producing for the surface composites of Aluminum_Zinc_Magnesium_Copper alloy (7000 series) with the pulverizing particulates of (Al_5wt%Zn_2.5wt%Mg_1.5wt%Cu_4wt%, 6%, 8% Ni), as the reinforcement particles using FSP was discussed. The reinforcements were from Al_Zn_Mg_Cu particulates as well various nickel powder (mass percentages) synthesized using the high-energy, ball milling alloying process. Composites samples underwent for the homogenizing treatment through various temperatures. These samples have subjected the ageing treat with 120 °C for one day. Results showed a 70% decrease in the grain sizes of the surface of composites Al-alloys compared with as-received Al-alloy. The grain refinement and uniform dispersion of the reinforcements during the Al-matrix were obtained because of the optimized parameters of FSP. The intensity of precipitations intermetallic, which as reinforcements increased after heat treatments along with the phases of the precipitates. The effects of the grain reduction and intercompounds with the precipitation phases led to a valuable rise in the hardness property of surface of aluminium 7000 alloy reinforced composities.

Constitute the climatic changes the world is facing a significant challenge, because of his global warming implications of affected various areas and humanitarian dimensions, and that the problem of misuse of natural resources and the degradation of the environment has become a clear impact on the weakening economic development .
Many specialized studies such as the ” Stern Report ” has contributed for the negative effects of global warming on the economy and development, the report of the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change in raising awareness of the seriousness of the challenge facing the economy in the world and the human community. This study aims to examine the reality of effects of which could be left behind climate change on resources and the various sectors in the world in general and demonstrate its impact on sustainable development, and the extent of awareness of the state, institutions and individuals risks and alternatives to achieve the desired sustainable development. and try to view the most important efforts by States to counter the effects of climate change, as well as demonstrate the feasibility of achieving sustainable economic and social development in the presence of factor climate change.

Architecture tried since ancient times to deal with the elements of its age, where cultural production across about multiple levels of technological act, that which shifted from craft means for changing images formalism to the will of the verification at the current time, and thus is considered technology as a measure of evolution for everything gets reality in mental and public understand , also represented a source of evolution and a sign marked of the times because of the different representation of reality architectural and cultural. This led the research to the study of (technological role in the formation of contemporary architecture) as a research problem, where technology has provided new roles beyond the classical nature, this effect on the nature of the approved type for architectural contemporary production, therefore research indicated to the concepts that related to technology that showed a difference of technological performance by studying the changing relationship between thought and industry, commitment and borders, public and customization, innovation and convenience, simplicity and complexity, has also been studying the technology phenomena for its role as a “thing, knowledge, process, product ” with surrounding the different impact for levels of expression that based on the stereotypical nature, to order that the research seeks to discuss about the results of the application conceptual framework for knowledge provided to two contemporary projects in order to clarify the impact of technology in violation of the traditional nature of the practice of architecture first.

Continuous up-flow moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) were used to treat 4m3/d of domestic wastewater in Chongqing city at Southwest China .Both the anoxic and aerobic reactors were filled to 50 %( v/v) with Kaldnes (K1) biofilm carriers. After developing the biofilm on the carriers, the effect of nitrate recycle ratio on biological nutrients removal from domestic wastewater was investigated by operation of reactors under 3 different nitrate recycle ratios ranging from 50% to 150% (50%, 100%, and 150%) through changing the value of this parameter every one week. During this operation mode, the MBBRs was operated under the optimal value of gas/water ratio which equal to 7/1 and hydraulic retention time (HRT) equal to 6.2 hours. The experiment results showed that optimum value of the nitrate recycle ratio for simultaneous organic carbon and nutrients removal was equal to 100%. In this nitrate recycle ratio, the average removal efficiencies were 92.16 %, 98.84 %,71.23 % and 91 % for COD, NH4 +-N,TN and TP respectively, while the average dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) in aerobic and anoxic MBBRs were 4.35 mg./L and 0.19 mg./L respectively.

Shatt Al-Arab river suffer from high values of Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), these come from two sources the first is from Euphrates river and the second is from Arabian Gulf. Therefore, In this paper one dimension and unsteady case was applied to study hydrodynamic and TDS simulation of the river water by using HEC-RAS in Shatt Al-Arab river and associated rivers was done. HEC-RAS model is produced by US Army for analyzing river system. This model could simulate steady and unsteady open channel flow. The data of discharge, stage and TDS was taken daily for the year of 2014 at different sections along Shatt Al-Arab river and Tigris-Euphrates confluence. Some of these gauges was taken as boundary conditions and the others was taken for verification of the model. Calibration and verification of the Model using these data were done. Model results were compared with the observed data in these real rivers. The result show that a very good agreement between observed and simulated data with minimum correlation (R) was equal to 0.825.

This study investigated (experimentally and analytically) the influence of mortar compressive strength (37.4, 48.3 and 60.1 MPa) and the number of wire mish layer in web and bottom flange on the shear behavior of ferrocement slender box beams. To achieve these targets, 12 ferrocement box beams with shear span to effective depth ratio(a/d) of 2.8 (slender beams) are equipped, tested and assessed, all beams having cross section of 300175 mm, length of 2000 mm and hollow core of 180115 mm. The tested beams were divided into four groups, each group consists of three beams depending on compressive strength value, the first group was without wire mish, the second group was with one layer of wire mish in web and bottom flange, the third group was two layers of wire mish in web and one in bottom flange and the fourth group was with two layers of wire mish in web and bottom flange. As well as ANSYS-11 program was used to analyze these beams by nonlinear finite element method. Test results showed that, the first cracking and ultimate loads increases as the wire mish layers in web and bottom flange increases, the deflection of the tested beams decreases with increasing mortar compressive strength and wire mish layers in web and bottom flange, the finite element model gives good agreement with the experimental results within 9%.