Al-Kunooze Scientific Journal

The present study includes the synthesis of phthalocyanine compounds with general formula X4PcM where M= Fe (III) and Fe (II), X is a peripheral substitution in the position-4 on the four benzene rings which include NO2, NH2 and Schiff base (p-imino phenyl amine). The proposed main compound is tetra-diiminobenzene-p-aminobenzene phthalocyaninato metal. Two kinds of peripheral substitution of phthalocyanine compounds were synthesized, first are planner the other is bridged. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis, UV-visible, IR and X-ray diffraction techniques. The elemental analysis results showed a good agreement with the theoretical results. The absorption spectra for all compounds showed the characteristic phthalocyanine bands (Q and B bands). In general, the two bands show a clear blue shift for Schiff base phthalocyanine compounds in comparison with the tetra amino phthalocyanine. The infra-red spectra of all compounds were recorded and the spectra of tetraamines derivatives showed two weak bands attributed to the NH2 groups at the range 3245-3330 cm-1 and 3190-3240 cm-1 which are attributed to asymmetric and symmetric stretching vibration respectively. The IR-spectra of Schiff-base compounds show a strong band at the range 1600-1608cm-1 corresponding to the C=N stretching vibrations. X-ray diffraction gives the d-spacing (interplanner spacing) of the planes of the crystalline regions which are regarded as the fingerprints for the compounds. In addition, they can be used to calculate the states around Fermi levels during the calculation of α which is regarded as the inverse of the interplanner spacing.

Levofloxacin, a chiral carboxycinolone, is a synthetic antibiotic with a broad spectrum effects. One of the challenges in the synthesis of this compound is efficient catalytic synthesis of their key structural intermediates (Q-acid). Several methods have been reported for the synthesis of this active pharmaceutical ingredient in which toxic and expensive solvents have been used. Therefore, alternative and cost-effective methods are still needed. In this study, focusing on the last step in the synthesis of levofloxacin using commercial Q-acid, an attempt was made to replace the previous methods using commercial catalysts with Lewis acid character and the use of safe solvents. In this study, magnetic montmorillonite (MM) was first synthesized and purified. The reaction of methylpiperazine with Q-acid intermediate for levofloxacin synthesis was also performed under different conditions. The best results were obtained using methylpiperazine and Q-acid with a molar ratio of 1.2:1 in the presence of catalytic amounts of MM in ethanol solvent (95%) at 70 °C for 8 h. At the end of the reaction, MM was recovered using a magnet and a simple filtration and dried for 2 h at 100° C for activation and used for 5 consecutive reactions to evaluate levofloxacin synthesis without significant decrease in efficiency. In total, taking into account factors such as raw material consumption, solvent type and simple recycling conditions, operating temperature and energy consumption, type and amount of catalyst and its recovery, solvent and catalyst biocompatibility, production of levofloxacin hemihydrate in the method presented in this study, are associated with lower cost, and its production at increased scales will have good economic benefits.

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of sowing dates on growth, yield and chemical composition of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera L.) sown at Medicinal and Aromatic Plants fields of the College of Agriculture, Basra University, Iraq, during the growing season of 2013/2014 and 2014/2015. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design having three replications. The experiment involved sowing dates at three levels of 1or20 September and 10 October.The results showed that the all growth characters and chemical composition and nutrient contain of Ashwagandha plants as affected by different sowing dates.

COVID-19 disease that caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, appeared in 2019, is considered one of the most deadly modern diseases for humanity that effects on different aspects of life, the present study aims to review studies and evidence on the severity of injury with Covid-19 in patients with diabetes mellitus and the increase in death rates among these patients, as many research confirmed the existence of a relationship between the two diseases and revealed some of the physiological and immunological mechanisms that may be responsible for this overlap between the two diseases and the most plausible explanation for this relationship is the role of glucose in facilitating the entry of the virus into the cells of the body and the rise of proinflammatory factors such as cytokines and weakness Immunity in diabetics, which makes them more likely to catch the virus, and worsens the severity of infection.

There are many unknowns for pregnant women during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the effect of this virus on the pregnancy. Clinical experience of pregnancies complicated with infection by other coronaviruses e.g., Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), has led to pregnant woman being considered potentially vulnerable to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Pregnancy is characterized by some changes involving both the immune system and the pulmonary physiology, exposing the pregnant woman to a greater susceptibility to viral infections and more serious complications. The impact of SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy remains to be determined, and a concerted, global effort is required to determine the effects on implantation, fetal growth and development, labor, and neonatal health. Asymptomatic infection presents a further challenge regarding service provision, prevention, and management. Besides the direct impacts of the disease, a plethora of indirect consequences of the pandemic adversely affect maternal health, including reduced access to reproductive health services, increased mental health strain, and increased socioeconomic deprivation. In this review, we explore the current knowledge of COVID-19 in pregnancy and highlight areas for further research to minimize its impact for women and their children.

Toxoplasma gondii is of great concern in public health because it affects a lot of people in the globe. However, in the clinical setting, it rarely causes serious disease. The currents study was performed in Basra province to estimate the prevalence of toxoplasmosis and its risk factors. Blood sample were collected from 50 women of Basra in 2020. The participants were aged between seventeen to forty years. The samples were analyzed if they had anti-T. gondii IgM and IgG antibodies that would show evidence of T.gondii infection. The result showed the majority of participants were aged between 25 and 30 years. Among the 50 participants 15 who are about 30% tested positive for T. gondii IgM which is consider as recent infection while, 35 of them with positive IgG antibodies was detect as a past infection. This study also showed that abortive women and had percentage (30%) of toxoplasmosis among those of larger than 30 years old and the lowest was among those who have the average of age (20 to 25) years old. Toxoplasmosis is among the most famous parasitic zoonosis in the globe. In method the blood samples were collected in clean container without anticoagulant, Centerfugate at 2500 RBM for five minutes and then tested for anti-Toxoplasma IgG & IgM antibodies, using (ELISA) kit. The result showed the majority of participants were aged between 25 and 30 years. In conclusion this study were showed that rural area acquired high percentage while urban area acquired the lowest.

The current research aims to prove the relationship between training, learning and increasing the experience of workers in the industrial facility in the process of determining the standard time for production. The research assumes that the increase in experience, learning and repetition of practice in the production process of a particular product leads to an increase in the experience of workers, which leads to a reduction in the time for producing subsequent units compared to the time consumed by the first units of production. The research relies on the field study (case study) to prove its hypotheses and determine its goals by selecting an Iraqi facility from the industrial sector facility and conducting field monitoring of production and the practice of workers for the mentioned process

The current study was conducted on three groups of Araby sheep, including 54 in the animal field of the College of Agriculture / University of Basra in the Karmat Ali site, 40 from the Basra slaughterhouse and 15 lambs from Maysan Governorate, (average age of 5 months and weight 20±3.4 kg). To detect the genetic morphology of the leptin gene by polymerase chain reaction technique - single strand formation corresponding to the DNA, a genetic morphology of the leptin gene was found in the Orabi sheep and the appearance of two genotypes, AA and AB.

This study was conducted in the laboratories of the Plant Protection Department/College of Agriculture/Basrah University. The results of the pot experiment showed that adding fermented champagne to the soil by 15% reduced the negative effect of the fungus Rhizoctonia solani and the semi-fungus Pythium sp. The percentage of germination reached 53.3 and 50%, respectively, compared to 36.7 and 30% for the comparison treatment, respectively. The fungus Rhizoctonia solani and the semi-fungus Pythium sp. A clear effect in reducing the percentage of germination of okra seeds, as the percentage of germination decreased from 73.3% in soil not contaminated with pathogens to 36.7 and 30% in soil contaminated with them, respectively. However, the addition of fermented champignons reduced the negative effect of both pathogens, as the percentage of seed germination in soil contaminated with the fungus Rhizoctonia solani increased from 36.7% to 49.7, 50 and 50% in the soil to which fermented champignons were added by 5, 10 and 15%, and the percentage of seed germination in the soil increased. contaminated with the fungus-like Pythium sp. From 30% to 53.3, 50 and 53.3% in the soil to which fermented champignons are added, at a rate of 5, 10 and 15%. The fermented manure of Chambalan contains a good percentage of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium, which amounted to 4.375, 0.24 and 0.9%, respectively.

A carbon dioxide laser with a wavelength of (10600 nm) was used to expose the skin of laboratory rats. In this study, laser power densities ranging from 20.64 W/〖cm〗^2 up to 50.13 W/〖cm〗^2 were used. The number of laboratory rats used was thirty Sprague-dawley males, with weights ranging from (250-300) grams. The age ranged between (10-12) weeks. These animals were divided into three groups, each group comprising 10 rats. The first group was exposed to different laser power densities and a fixed exposure time of 15 seconds. The rats of this group were left for five days after exposing them to laser beams. In the second group, the same previous values ​​of power densities and time were used, but the skin was removed from this group immediately after exposure to laser rays. The third group of rats was exposed to a fixed laser power densities of 29.50 W/〖cm〗^2 and the exposure time was changed from 10 to 40 seconds, while the control skin was extracted from the same rat from the area not exposed to the laser, noting that the area exposed to the laser The back area after hair removal from this area, the distance between the laser and the exposed area is fixed 10 cm. Skin biopsies were taken for the control and exposed groups for the purpose of histological examination.

The aim of the research is to demonstrate the possibility of using the costing approach on the basis of TD-ABC time-oriented activities and its ability to determine the unutilized energy and the actual time of activities, which leads to enhancing the effectiveness of the control system. Also, mapping the process enhances the process of monitoring the implementation of activities. The research represented a case study for the In Majid General Company, which still adopts traditional accounting systems, where modern accounting systems have emerged to address the shortcomings in the traditional systems and the problems they face and to overcome inaccuracies in calculating product/service costs and allocating indirect costs. Where the study adopted the cost approach on the basis of time-oriented activities TD-ABC and its role in the control process by providing accurate information on the time spent for each activity, the amount of resources exploited and energy exclusion

Understanding legislation and its meanings and defining its purposes and objectives is not only with knowledge of the language, but rather with mastery of it, given that legislation is represented in rules poured into linguistic templates and objective principles within a linguistic framework. Hence, the proficiency of legal professionals in the Arabic language is not only necessary, but it is imperative, and we mean here it is the formal, eloquent language with all its structures. Its levels, phenomena, and occupations. We often encountered and encountered cases surrounded by judicial and procedural errors, as a result of a loss of knowledge of the aspects and subtleties of the language. Proficiency in the Arabic language was one of the basic skills required for anyone practicing the legal profession.