Al-Kunooze Scientific Journal

ESRD as the latest stage of CKD, in which the kidneys can no longer function adequately for an individual’s daily life, only approximately 10% of kidney function remains.

cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies in women globally, but its causes is still obscure, and it remains a major public health problem. Human mammary tumor virus(HMTV) is the name given to sequences that have been identified in multiple investigations from various geographical regions in human breast cancer. However its role in the development of breast cancer is not well known. The aim of this study is to detect the frequency of HMTV envelope gene in malignant and benign breast tumor tissues in Basrah women. For Detection of HMTV envelope proviral sequences, two techniques were used the real-time PCR and Nested PCR using primers. A total of 80 samples of formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues(FFPET)were collected from females aged ranged from( 17 to 77) years comprising as (60) malignant tumors and (20) benign tumors, were examined by qPCR technique. The results showed that 23 (28.8%) out of the (80)samples were positive for HMTV. Out of the (60) malignant tumors, 15 (25%) were found positive for HMTV, and 8 (40%) from benign tumors gave positive results for HMTV env. gene. While all samples re-examined by nested PCR , only two samples gave positive results for HMTV envelope gene . No significant associations were found between viral positivity and each of the age, grade, and molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Conclusion: HMTV env genes were detected in Basrah women with breast malignant and benign tumors, this indicates that infection with HMTV may have a role in breast cancer development

Beta-lactam antibiotics represent a group of antibiotics that are widely prescribed. They have a wide range of therapeutic uses. Since their introduction, they induced a wide step in fighting infections. Some bacteria exhibited resistance to this group mostly via extended-spectrum-lactamase enzymes which hydrolyze penicillins and cephalosporins. Antimicrobial resistance is higher in areas of the hospital where extended-spectrum-lactamases produce gram-negative rods. Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) was involved in severe infections and it represents one of the very important causes of nosocomial infections. In the current study, isolation of K. pneumonia was achieved in the stool and faecal samples. In the Ibn-Ghazwan hospital, from outpatient wards, Basrah, Iraq were collected 125 stool samples were collected from children and another 125 samples were collected from local buffalos. The result was found that seventy-one isolates out of 175 were doubtful K. pneumoniae, which analysed 40.57% of all isolates were 100% resistant to cephalothin, amoxicillin, ceftazidime and 90% resistance to cefotaxime. In this research, depending on the kind of β-lactamase genes, the Tem gene in K. pneumoniae was 83.3% in humans and 76% in animals.

Most of the time, people choose the eyeglasses frame for various reasons depending on their desire and without knowing what is suitable for their skin. The wrong frame selection contributes to the skin's sensitivity because of contact with the eyeglass frame to the face in the summer season. This research aims at identifying the most common and effective frames to prevent skin sensitivities in the summer. This study's method is first to verify the characteristics of the most common frames in Iraq and then create a questionnaire for 100 patients who came to the Optical Clinic of the College of Health and Medical Technologies – Baghdad check-up. The number of patients who suffer was skin sensitivity 95 patients due to frames made of ferrous steel, plastic, nylon materials. An ophthalmologist had already known the characteristics of the appropriate frame for the skin. Therefore, the patient's frames replaced with titanium frames, and the results tracked until the end of the summer. This study's results have found that the titanium eyeglass frame is one of the most important frames used in modern times because it is skin-friendly even in high temperatures. That means can use the titanium frames reliably without causing skin sensitivity in high temperatures. Besides, it is light, durable, strong and can be folded and returned to its original shape. In conclusion, titanium eyeglass frames are 100% a good choice for people with skin sensitivity, and ophthalmologists, dermatologists, and optometrists should be conscious of this and recommend it to their patients.

Chronic kidney disease is a major medical problem in Misan province causing high mortality and morbidity rate, The study sample included 53 patients from the dialysis unit of Al Sadr Hospital in Misan. About 45 % of the patients were over 55 years of age and only 21% were young (26-35 years). Women contribute to 40 % of the patients and 60 % were men. Nearly 35% of the participants were suffering from the increasing weight, with 25 % at pre-obesity grade and 36% at normal weight and only 2% underweight. The majority of the patients ere earners and married. As for the educational level, most of the patients were uneducated or having only a primary school education. Nearly half of the patients were non-smokers (54 %) whereas 45% of them are smokers. Most of the males were smokers but women are mostly non-smokers. Prevalence of hypertension in Misan is the main affecting factor that is related to CKD with significant correlation reaching 95%. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus as a risk factor was high reaching (94%) of the patients. The prevalence of anaemia disease as a risk factor, was high reaching (72%) of the patients. The link between CKD patients and the cardiovascular and heredity disease was low ranging between 9 - 11%.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases worldwide, it is a set of graded cases that not associated with drinking alcohol, which is characterized by accumulation of fat in the liver, especially in people who are overweight and smokers. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the serum erythropoietin (EPO) and complete blood count (CBC) levels in NAFLD patients. 45 NAFLD blood samples and 45 control samples were collected, the whole blood used to perform CBC and the serum for EPO test which it was measured by ELIZA technique, all results statistically analyzed by SPSS based on the questionnaire information. The results showed a significant difference in EPO and some of CBC parameters in NAFLD patients compared with healthy people, where disease severity, smoking and BMI factors increase the abnormalities in the study parameters. In conclusion EPO and other hematological parameters may effect by NAFLD pathophysiology and worsen by different factors and this calls for more research to study the full dimensions of such changes in these patients.

This study included the determination of six chemical elements ( Pb, Mn, Ni, Cd, Cu, and Co ) in whole body of shrimp Metapenaus affinis of the Shatt Al-Arab River , Basrah , Iraq . The seasonal variations of elements concentration , and the relation ship between elements concentration in males and females estimated in pursuit of this study Field measurements were done to evaluate chemical elements in shrimp's tissues in Qurmat-Ali in Shatt Al-Arab River between summer ( May -August ) 2019 and spring ( March and April ) 2020. Samples were collected seasonally. Tissue samples were analyzed by flam atomic absorption spectrophotometry. This study shows that bio accumulation of chemical elements, females accumulated the chemical elements in their bodies in Spring higher than other seasons , males accumulated the chemical elements in their bodies in Spring higher than other seasons except Pb. Regarding to concentrations ; the highest value were 16.89 µg gˉ 1 d. w in males and 16.74 µg gˉ 1 d .w in females for Nickel , while the lowest value were 1.11 µg gˉ 1 d. w in males and 1.27 µg gˉ 1 d. w in females for Cobalt . Regarding to seasons : in Summer the concentrations of chemical elements were higher in females than in males except Pb and Ni, in Autumn they were higher in males than in females except Cd and Co, in Winter they were higher in males than in female, except Cd and Co , in Spring they were higher in females than in males , except Ni , and Cu

A case-control study has been carried out among patients with Tuberculosis,who attended to the Consultation Center of Chest and Respiratory diseases of Basrah province during1st September 2020 to 1st June 2021. From total number of (176) patients with Tuberculosis (TB) were taken from Basrah province that included in the present study. The molecular study include extract of DNA from blood of TB patients and control group by using specific primers in conventional PCR, the amplification of all extracted DNA from blood samples was preform and confirm by using electrophoresis with (70 volt / 60 minutes) on agarose gel (1%), the results of gene expression revealed that the amplified DNA(PCR product) was 154bp for TLR2 with presence ratio 85.2% from total samples, 143bp for TLR4 with a presence of 100.0%, and 177 bp for TLR9 with a presence ratio 98.8%.In the sequencing study the results from sequencing of TLR2,TLR4 and TLR9 were showed as follows: there were clear convergence between our TLR2 gene and that of the GenBank database (NCBI) with identity 109/114 (96%) in forward-TLR2 had five mutations appeared as G to A; T to A; --- to A; T to C and T to C. In addition, the reverse-TLR2 was shown an identity 106/108 (98%) in comparison with GenBank database (NCBI) that founded two mutations in reverse TLR2 as T to C and C to T. And there was a low convergence between our TLR4 genes and that of the GenBank database (NCBI) with identity 111/113 (98%) in forward-TLR4 that were recorded two mutations appeared as G to A and C to ---. In the other side the reverse TLR4 shown an identity 106/113 (94%) when compared with GenBank database (NCBI) seven mutations were reported as T to ---; T to ---; T to G; A to C; A to G; A to C and T to C. And there was a highly convergence between our TLR9 genes and that of the GenBank database (NCBI) in identity 132/134 (99%) that founded two mutations in the forward-TLR9 as --- to C and G to C. And for reverse-TLR9 showed no mutations when we compared with GenBank (NCBI) database shown identity 128/128 (100%), there are no studies interested with sequencing of TLRs with relation of tuberculosis so we will compare our results with studies on other diseases

The present study was carried out to evaluate vitamin D levels in local samples from different regions in Basrah governorate by using ELISA tests. Serum were collected from (90) samples, of different ages and both genders . Nine clinically healthy local samples were considered as contro Results show that suspected testers showed different clinical manifestation belong to vitamin D deficiency and significant decrease (p<0.05) were encountered in D (16.03±1.5) ng/ml compared with control (28.6±7.2) ng/ml. It had been concluded the residents of Basra Governorate are exposed to a small percentage of the beneficial and necessary sunlight for a certain period, in addition to suffering from health problems that prevented the benefit from this necessary solar energy. or reduction of nutritional supplements containing important vitamins and minerals.

The current study aimed to find the main bacterial co-infection with rotavirus, antibiotic sensitivity of dominant isolates and attempting to increase the efficiency of antibiotics by using green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles. For this purpose 30 fecal samples collected from patients with diarrhea and bacterial isolation and identification were conducted. The effect of green ZnO NPs on Escherichia coli isolates were also studied, in addition to MIC and MBC of antibiotic with and without ZnO Nanoparticles. Seven types of bacteria were isolated and identified, and they were as follows: E. coli, Salmonella spp. Shigella spp, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative staphylococcus spp. The highest isolation rate was for E. coli in rate of 53.35 % and the lowest were Salmonella spp and Proteus mirabilis in rate 6.6%. MIC of ZnO NPs, Ceftriaxone, Vancomycin, Amoxicillin, Rifamycin and Ciprofloxacin against E. coli were 100, 200,100,200, 50 and 50 µg/ml respectively, while the MBC were 200,400,200,400, 100 and 100 µg/ml respectively. The mixing of antibiotic with ZnO NPs lead to decrease in the MIC and MBC for all antibiotics used in the current study.

A carbon dioxide laser with a wavelength of (10600 nm) and different laser power intensities W/cm² (36, 45, 55) was used to study its effect on the hair in the skin of laboratory rats, as the laser is better absorbed by water, which leads to superficial excision of tissue by means of evaporation. Where these capabilities were taken in relation to previous studies used in surgical and cosmetic procedures resulting from the interaction of laser with the skin through heat generation. The results obtained showed the importance of choosing the most appropriate laser parameter correctly by using it in the medical field for hair removal to reduce side effects, as high laser power densities were observed to damage the skin and expose it to deformation. The case, which was of great importance, was observed through the impulse of the hair follicle into the depth of the tissue without removing it, which causes medical problems within the tissue. It was noted for high laser power densities that the layers of the skin are completely lost and skin deformation occurs (skin burning). Therefore, it is advised not to use this parameter in hair removal operations, and it can be used in another field by cutting the fleshy appendages or performing some surgical operations, as well as for various skin diseases, including eczema.

To assess stress on health workers at night shift to reduce the stress on health workers at night shift in Al Basrah Teaching Hospital. A descriptive, cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted at the College of Nursing of Basrah University from15 November 2021 – 1 April in 2022. Questionnaire consisted of (25) general knowledge questions related to antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance was given to a sample of 100 students from the third and fourth stage. Data were collected through a questionnaire of 50 samples (35male 15 female) that included two axes, the first axis of demographic information for nurses. And the second axis there were some questions about assessing stress on health workers at night shift and to reduce the stress all health workers answered about (12) question through interviewing. The findings of present study revealed that the majority of health workers (76%) suffered from stress during night shift. The stress increases with age of health workers and workload. The stress causes problems to health workers such as physical problems included: impaired sleeping/waking, gastrointestinal disorders, and an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. The majority of healthcare workers experience stress while working the night shift. The main cause of stress at night shift according to the opinions of participants in this study is workload. Most of the participants are satisfied with working the night shift but the majority of them think that the amount of their monthly income does not fit with the amount of the submitted effort and hard work.