Al-Kunooze Scientific Journal

This research paper examines strength and resistance in female characters in Anthony Doerr’s ‘All the Light We Cannot See’. This study reveals the themes of women’s independence and perseverance as depicted in the novel through a feminist lens. It focuses on the lives of female characters such as Marie-Laure LeBlanc and Madame Manec, as well as their agency and ability to recover from misfortune in a patriarchal and violent world. This study examines the experiences of female characters such as Marie-Laure LeBlanc and Madame Manec in order to highlight the different ways in which women challenge gender norms and assert their power as they are portrayed in the book. It does this by analyzing their behaviors, relationships, and social roles. The study inspects how individuals behave, interact with others, and play social roles to show how they challenge gender stereotypes and demand agency in a patriarchal and war-torn society. Additionally, the study underscores the complex effects of war on women, demonstrating the fundamental ways in which hostilities upend their lives, shape their experiences, and put to the test their ability to persevere in the face of unfathomable adversity. The experiences of Marie-Laure and Madame Manec, among others, provide a poignant account of the effects of war on the women in the study, highlighting their fortitude, sacrifice, and suffering in the midst of chaos and destruction.

Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) are in urgent demand in the multi-drug-resistant bacteria (MDR) matter. In this context, this study sought to synthesize eco-friendly copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and estimate their anti-bacterial ability against gram-positive and gram-negative multi-drug resistance bacteria to antibiotics. CuNPs were synthesized using an aqueous solution of copper sulfate CuSO4 (100mM) with an aqueous leaf extract (3%) with a volume ratio of 1:1. The characterization of CuNPs was performed via an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-vis), zetasizer, zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The antibacterial potential of CuNPs against Gram-positive (S. haemolyticus, S. pneumonia) and Gram-negative (K. pneumonia and P. mirabilis) pathogenic bacteria, was evaluated. The change of the mixture colour from light green to brown confirms CuNP synthesis. CuNPs demonstrated a Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) peak at 570 nm, with a size of 78.82 (d.nm) and 75-85 nm using zetasizer and SEM, respectively, with a semi-spherical shape. Zeta potential showed a value of -20.7mV and FTIR analysis revealed the biochemical compounds of plant extract. CuNPs illustrated remarkable antibacterial effectiveness with entire hemocompatibility with red blood cells. The antibacterial activity of CuNPs (200 µg/ml) showed inhibition zones of 20.00±1.00 mm, 17.66±0.66 mm, and 16.66±0.66 mm against K. pneumonia, P. mirabilis, and S. haemolyticus, respectively. Further, for the CuNPs at 50 and 100 µg/ml, the inhibition zones for P. mirabilis bacteria were 15.5±0.50 mm and 18.00±1.00 mm, respectively. Thus, CuNPs could be promisingly exploited to deter pathogenic bacteria with no recorded toxicity to human RBCs.

Objective: The Disease Control and Prevention Centers points out that the number of deaths from antibiotic resistance nearly doubles every year in countries around the world, so it’s imperative to spread and increase knowledge among patients and health providers about how to prevent the misuse of antibiotics and the importance of taking them as properly prescribed by a physician. Methods: A study was conducted on a sample of 200 students at the colleges of nursing and Al Zahra medicine to assess their knowledge of antibiotic misuse and the resulting resistance in pathogenic bacteria by exposing them to a questionnaire questions, the results were collected and analyzed statistically. Results: it has been showed a ratio of %51.5 of all students had a good level of knowledge, while %16.5 of them are poorly informed and there were no significant differences between nursing and medical students in knowledge where P˃0.05. Also, a significant difference was found between the levels of answers to questions for part 3 higher than for part 2 of the questionnaire (P˂0.05). The correct answer rate per student was 7 versus 3 wrong for each part of the questionnaire. Conclusion: More than half the students (%51.5) had a good level of knowledge, (%32) were average, and the rest (%16.5) were poor, so these weak students need further education about the benefits and dangers of antibiotics and their proper use.

The committees to expedite work are considered a form of forced specific implementation in government contracts, in which the contracting administration is in the position of the implementer through its technical cadres, and the defaulting contractor becomes in the position of the supervisor of implementation since the implementation is carried out at his expense. In order to enable the committees to expedite work to carry out their duty to implement the work, they must be financially funded by providing them with cash liquidity from the national currency and hard foreign currencies and granting them full powers on behalf of the government contracting party, as government contracting parties must provide them with the cash liquidity they need from the local currency and foreign currencies to purchase implementation requirements from materials, equipment and services internally through local purchases and contracting and externally through international purchases and contracting. The instructions and controls for the work of the committees to expedite the implementation of the obligations defaulted by the contractors have obligated the contracting parties to The government provide cash liquidity to these committees to enable them to complete the work assigned to them.

The study aimed to identify the explanatory role of the internal work environment in the relationship between achievement motivations and forced turnover, applied to private hospitals in North Kordofan State, El Obeid. The study problem was represented by the following main question: Does the work environment explain the relationship between achievement motivations and forced turnover? The study relied on a purposive sample and designed a questionnaire to collect data. The descriptive approach was followed. To analyze the data and test the hypotheses, descriptive statistics and path analysis methods were used through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program. The results of the study showed that: the work environment explains the relationship between achievement motives and forced work turnover. The study recommended: The jobs must be consistent with the nature of the organizational structure of the ministry, and the method of dividing work must help them to complete the work quickly. Hospital management must also work to grant rewards and privileges to workers, which reduces voluntary work turnover