Iraqi Journal For Economic Sciences

Achieving balanced development between the regions of the country requires the consolidation and integration of the spatial and urban dimension into all sectoral strategies, policies, plans and programs at the national, regional and local levels for the purpose of prioritizing economic spatial development and ensuring that the fruits of development reach all members of society.
The study concluded that the phenomenon of population concentration and development in the large governorates "Baghdad and Basra" in 2016, and the continuation of the phenomenon of bilateral spatial development between urban and rural areas and the Iraqi provinces were divided into three development groups according to the methodology used in the study and the results of global analysis showed the presence of four basic factors The number of kindergartens, the number of primary, secondary and vocational schools and the number of doctors and primary health centers was explained by 39.1% of the total variance. The results of cluster analysis showed that the first cluster of governorates represented by the governorates of "Babil, Qadisiyah, Kirkuk, Wasit, Diyala, Muthanna, Najaf, Maysan, Dhi Qar, Basra and Karbala" is the most deteriorated in the spatial development indicators used in the analysis. Anbar, Salah al-Din and Nineveh ", were medium development indicators, and that the third cluster" Baghdad "is the best province in spatial development indicators, and this requires the adoption of the variables shown by the factors analysis and cluster and take into account in determining Prioritize spatial development in the provinces in the future, and improve the effectiveness and performance of service and economic institutions in the Iraqi provinces.

The phenomenon of inflation and unemployment is one of the most important problems facing the various economies of developed and developing countries, including the Saudi economy. There is a strong relationship between the level of inflation and the unemployment rate, as the rise in the level of inflation is accompanied by a decrease in the level of unemployment, and vice versa as the Saudi economy is witnessing successive waves of inflation and unemployment. Production of crude oil among the oil producing countries. Therefore, its dependence on a successful oil policy may have a negative or positive impact on various other economic sectors. In all cases, oil revenues will not achieve the desired economic development. Inflation and unemployment may rise, or inflation and unemployment may rise together. In this case, the nature of the Saudi economy differs from some developing economies in terms of the causes of inflation, this phenomenon depends on other economies as a result of this economy depends on the import of most goods and services from abroad. Unemployment is unrelated to the productive factors that cause inflation. However, the rate of inflation and unemployment in the Saudi economy still suffers from structural imbalances and a clear distortion in its production base.

The research addresses the problem of the rentier Iraqi economy, which depends in supplying its federal budget on oil revenues. Systemic and take precautionary measures in order to overcome financial turmoil. The importance of research is based on the adoption of a free economic system and a market economy in accordance with the forces of supply and demand, the most important pillars of which are financial stability based on the infrastructure of laws and legislation that serve the financial and banking institutions, capital markets, stocks and bonds. Therefore, the objectives of the research were to identify the Central Bank's strategy (2016-2022) and how it will support and enhance financial stability as it is set as a main objective in this strategy and research in the field. Possible mechanisms to enhance financial stability and whether there is a possibility for the success of this strategy in light of some indicators of financial stability.

Higher education faces many challenges in relation to social and cultural development goals, as well as the inability to provide specific outputs and projects that are compatible with labor markets for production methods or production relations, which depend mainly on the qualitative content of knowledge and skills. Such serious economic and social challenges make us more concerned about our ability to secure adequate funding requirements for higher education, and in the light of these challenges further substantive discussion of funding sources, including privatization of higher education and private sector investment in the Higher education, knowledge and economic content in the light of the global trend by looking for new channels of higher education and allowing private higher education institutions to open them.

The research aims to study and analyze the sources through which social protection programs are financed with a focus on financing the federal public budget using an inductive approach within economic analysis. The research aims to find out the reality of the most effective sources of funding in increasing the efficiency of protection programs and determine the level of benefit from spending those funds Sources The research also aims to know the activity of social protection programs provided by the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs and identify the elements of strength and weakness in the implementation of those programs and the amount of service provided to the most affected groups in society, the research has concluded that Management and complacency in the application of certain laws make these programs unable to provide full protection to all segments of society affected, and the research also found that the sources of international funding of many international organizations and bodies and seek to provide assistance in the fight against poverty and unemployment, but the existence of obstacles The administrative routine and financial corruption in most parts of the country have made the activities of these donors weak and limited in the scope of providing assistance in kind.

Iraq's economy is mainly a rental economy، with its public budgets relying on a semi-exclusive source of finance، represented in oil. Therefore، the decline in prices after mid-2014 and the subsequent decrease in government spending have affected many economic sectors. The research tackled the problem of the existence of a government spending crisis، both current and investment، resulting fro m the decline in oil prices. The researcher used the historical descriptive method to prove the existence of the problem، and analyzed the economic sectors that make up the GDP and the degree of by the decrease in government spending. that it is affected On the other hand، cash credit directed to the same sectors was analyzed and the extent of credit contribution was measured in order to reduce the impact of the decrease in expenditure. The study reached a number of conclusions، the most important of which is that bank credit has contributed to reducing some of the economic impacts related to the water and electricity sectors and social and personal development services، while the credit has not positively affected the construction، agriculture and forestry sectors during the crisis years. The researcher recommended reducing the impact of the government spending crisis on the affected economic sectors through a credit policy capable of expanding and directing credit to these sectors.