Wasit Journal of Computer and Mathematics Science

Context: Cloud-based services are increasingly central in financial technology, enabling scalable and efficient transactions. However, they also heighten vulnerability to fraud, challenging the security of online financial activities. Traditional fraud detection struggles against sophisticated tactics, highlighting the need for advanced, cloud-compatible solutions. Objectives: This study assesses machine learning (ML) algorithms' ability to detect fraud in cloud environments, focusing on Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Trees (DT), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and XGBoost (XGB). It uses a comprehensive dataset to determine which ML model best identifies fraudulent transactions, aiming to optimize these models for accuracy, precision, and efficiency in real-time detection. Results: The XGBoost model outperformed others in fraud detection accuracy, with Random Forest and Decision Trees also showing high effectiveness. These models were particularly good at balancing precision and recall, minimizing false positives, and accurately identifying fraud in complex transaction patterns. Conclusion: ML, especially ensemble and boosting models like XGBoost and Random Forest, offers a strong approach to detecting transaction fraud in cloud-based financial systems. Their capacity to handle vast data volumes and adapt to new fraud patterns enhances cloud transaction security. Implication: The study provides a guide for financial and cloud services to implement sophisticated fraud detection systems. It emphasizes the importance of continual ML innovation to tackle digital finance fraud, suggesting that adopting these advanced ML models can significantly reduce transaction fraud risks, ensuring a secure, efficient, and trustworthy platform for users.

The increasing significance of cybersecurity underscores the critical necessity of addressing evolving methods of hackers. This research investigates the way to classify and predict cyber-attacks on the NSL-KDD dataset using intrusion detection methods the investigation contrasts the capabilities of various algorithms, including RNN, MLP, CNN-LSTM, and ANN, in recognizing attacks. The results indicate that both MLP and RNN have the greatest efficiency and effectiveness for different time frames. these findings demonstrate the necessity of Constant evaluation and enhancement of intrusion detection systems in order to remain aware of the dynamic nature of the cyber threat landscape. Addressing cybersecurity issues necessitates a comprehensive approach that combines computational enhancements, human talent, organizational policies, and regulatory frameworks in order to create a powerful and stable cybersecurity system.

One interesting idea that could improve wireless communication systems is reconfigurable intelligent surfaces or RIS. To control the spread of wireless signals, RIS uses a plethora of tiny, inexpensive, and customizable reflecting devices. Signal strength, energy consumption, spectrum efficiency, and adaptability to changes in the wireless environment can all be improved by altering the phase shift of the reflecting elements. This is how RIS works. 5G and beyond, the IoT, and smart cities are just a few of the many potential uses for RIS. More study is required before this technology can reach its full potential since it is still in its infancy. Still, RIS is going to be big in the next generation of wireless networks. A great deal of excitement has enveloped the whole 6G development industry. There has been no shortage of grandiose and frequently unfounded assertions that, in reality, the creation of a full-duplex 5G technology that can introduce new services is just around the corner, even though self-interference cancellation schemes for full-duplex communications and the difficulties of building full-duplex base stations have long been known.

Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) require efficient routing protocols due to their dynamic network topologies and high mobility. This paper proposes a Road-Based Vehicular Traffic (RBVT), which combines reactive (RBVT-R) and proactive (RBVT-P) routing protocols to improved the performance. We evaluate the impact of RBVT on Average End-to-End Delay (AEED) by comparing it with existing protocols such as AODV, DSR, GPSR, OLSR, DSDV, and WRP. Furthermore, we integrate Snake Optimization Algorithm (SOA) with RBVT to optimize routing and reduce AEED. Simulations demonstrate that SOA-RBVT significantly reduces AEED compared to baseline protocols, especially in dense VANET scenarios.

This study uses the combined Laplace transform and variational iteration method to analytically solve initial value problems (IVPs) and boundary value problems (BVPs) of Lane- Emden- equation with singular behaviour at . Initially, this method requires calculating the lagrange multiplayer, and after its value was calculated, it was found to be equal , this method is applying on several problems and the results were improved using Padé approximations, the results were compared with the exact solution by calculating the absolute error value between them.

The concept of Differential algebra has been played an influential role in various directions of abstract algebra. This notation has been considered before fifty years ago with semi-ring and several types of rings. Furthermore, the commutativity of a given ring or semi-ring has been also investigated under the notation of derivation and many studies have been published in this way. Based on the concept of derivation, its generalization has been introduced by Bresar [9] and a lot of works are presented about this generalization in various types of rings and semi-rings. Motivated by these works in the literature, we introduced the concept of generalized projective product of n-number of semi-rings. In addition, we studied the convers of this case which is saying that if the generalized projective product of n-number of semi-rings existed, then there exist a corresponding derivations, generalized derivations, semi-derivations, generalized semi-derivations, Jordan derivations, generalized Jordan derivations, Jordan semi-derivations and Generalized Jordan semi-derivations on the semi-rings Ri respectively for any i=1,2,..,k.