iklil for Humanity Studies

Since the omission was a dominant feature in Surat Al-Shu'ara we thought that we should study this phenomenon in this research to stand at its places and its function, the Surah Al-Shuaraa from the Meccan wall that dealt with issues of the greatness of the Qur’an and monotheism and the characteristics of God Almighty as well as mentioning a part of the stories of the prophets and the omission came in the Surah in order to reassure The Prophet and entertained him and asked this matter and the context to leave the dhikr and choose to delete

Andalusia has praised men who were mentioned through their many historical and literary Andalusian sources for their scientific and literary achievements that honor the stages of their ages, and they were not preoccupied by jihad and the defense of their homeland. Mashhoor al-Fadl, for example in majesty and pleasure, was one of the people of opinion, assertiveness and eloquence, and the city of Badajoz in its span was a house of literature, poetry, grammar and science. "Al-Muzaffar was this people who were keen on collecting literary sciences, especially grammar, poetry, news anecdotes and the eyes of history. He elected from what was gathered for him a large book that he translated in his name ... His son Al-Mutawakkil had a firm footing in making systems and prose, with excessive courage and perfect chivalry, and he was not Conquest prevails and nothing distracts from it. " The researcher studied this Andalusian figure, which became famous in the era of sects among writers and historians of Andalusia, and the study was according to the following: Reviewing his life history and news in general through the sources of Andalusia history and literature, then familiarize all the contents of those sources of his productions in poetry and prose, then arrange the collection of his poetry and its prose each separately, in poetry the arrangement was according to the alphabetical sequence of rhymes with the confirmation of the graduation of texts With the mention of the different narratives, if any, and an explanation of what needs to be explained, a text entered and related to it, as for the total of its prose, the order was according to the sequence of its titled texts, then the numbering of each prose text, with the confirmation of the output of the texts with the mention of the different narratives if any, and an explanation of what needs to be explained also In each text, and finally, a list of the margins came and mentioned the fluorescence of the sources and references.

What Chomsky brought about more than half a century ago has transformed the field of modern linguistic research, but just as criticism was raised about this theory in its three stages, doubts were also raised about the authenticity of this theory after it was noticed what it has with the heritage of Arabic grammar that makes The suspicions are almost certain, depending on that rich heritage. Accordingly, the idea of our research came to seek the non-originality of this theory and its reliance on foundations preceded by Sepoy The many approaches that were made in this regard indicated the great convergence between what is in the book and what Chomsky came up with, to the point that it became a great mental evidence that he was influenced by Siboyh, but this evidence remains deficient without an evidentiary evidence that confirms at least Chomsky’s acquaintance with Siboye’s book. The Researcher of the Translational Evidence: Chomsky’s admission of that, or what has been reported from his admission of that. Therefore, the aim of the research was not to conduct approaches, but to find the second evidence of Chomsky’s influence with the book, which is the transmission evidence as mentioned above. Accordingly, the research came in two parts:The first: the transport evidence: It depends on what has been reported on thi topic, and most importantly what has been quoted from the author of the theory (Chomsky).The other is mental: it is based on the complex approaches that confirm what was stated by the report

The present research examines the linguistic resources used by selected celebrity speakers to adopt a position and engage with their audience. Metadiscourse resources provide ample opportunity to the writers/speakers to organize their propositional information and involve readers/hearers in their discourses. To this end, it is hypothesized that speakers' speeches do involve their evaluation and that they are just like academic writers in that they situate themselves to reflect and shape a valued disciplinary ethos through voice, which they manage through systems of stance and engagement. Drawing upon six speeches on human trafficking, the qualitative and quantitative analyses reveal that the interactional resources are an integral part of these speeches, and that stance and engagement elements were salient in the speeches. The employment of such devices will help the speakers prime their audiences to view the events and the involved participants in certain direction.

The civilization of Mesopotamia has given us many civilizational aspects that have been highlighted to us by archaeological finds that were discovered during archaeological excavations in the archeological solutions in various parts of Mesopotamia, as well as what important cuneiform writings contained about the life of Mesopotamia in its precise and general details, and through extrapolation of archeological models and review Cuneiform writings show us an important cultural element, which is medicine in Mesopotamia's civilization, because it contains important information about this profession that was practiced by Mesopotamia doctors. Counting medicine in the thought and belief of Mesopotamia residents is one of the important things, and this importance is related to its direct link with human life. Therefore, doctors at that time and to the present time enjoyed a distinguished position and a distinct social level that distinguished them from their peers in the rest of professions and jobs. This profession was initially associated with religion and the priest occupied the forefront in both psychological and physical medicine, then through intellectual accumulation, customs and traditions this profession developed little by little until the doctor became his own tools and treatments that were closely related to nature and its treasures, including plants. Natural medicine containing multiple diseases. Through the various cuneiform texts, we find that the ancient Iraqis carried out many surgeries and knew the issue of medical specialization and the method of spiritual and medicinal therapy, and in some cases they resorted to making certain mixtures of different materials in order to reach a specific composition used to treat special diseases, and to stand on this profession And matters related to this research, including the following topics: The first part: - Medicine in Mesopotamia civilization The second part: - Some diseases and their treatments The third part: - Medicinal drugs The forth part: The physician in Mesopotamia civilization The fifth part: Medicine and law

Akk tribe is one of the tribes of Tihama, had a large and important role at the political level in Tihama during the reign of the Seba kings and Dhi Raydan, which is the period of political conflict between these kings and Ahbash during the second century AD who were able to impose their influence on the Arab coast opposite the Eastern African coast and its geographical location has imposed on it to choose the side that serves its interests and its territorial integrity

We cannot understand what Granada is today for Spain and the whole world without understanding several historical moments: the conquest by the Catholic kings, the Nasrid kingdom that gave it its most precious monument (Alhambra) and, particularly, the arrival of the Ziris in 1013. This paper analyses the keys to political evolution and the great transformations brought about by the arrival of the Zirids in Granada. It addresses issues such as: the causes of the migration of the Ziris from the Maghreb to al-Andalus, their establishment in Madinat Ilbira, their subsequent transfer and the fondation of Madinat Garnata. All of these factors had very important consequences for the history and archaeology of Southeastern Iberia

The research is subject to the investigation of a manuscript in the anatomy of the eye, under the title ((An article on how the layers of the eye are installed)) by one of the leaders of Arab-Islamic medicine in the sixth century AH, Naǧībul Deen Muḥammed Bin ʿAli Bin ʿUmar Al- Samarqandī, who was martyred in 619 AH after the Tatars stormed the city of Herat, and so on. This manuscript distinguishes itself that it is specialized in dissecting the eye and explaining its layers and moisture. If it is considered one of the few in this art of medicine that was known in the past as khahala medicine, and the ophthalmologist used to call it Balkhal, in addition to that, its death appeared in the middle of the sixth century of migration, the time in which it began The age of imitators in medicine, if the people of the medical industry were limited to following the best compilations of the previous ones, either by summarizing or explaining them, and no new proposals appeared from them except for some doctors such as Najib al-Din al-Samarqandi (d .: 619 AH), the owner of the manuscript, as well as Ibn al-Bitar Dia al-Din Abu Muhammad Abdullah Bin Ahmad Al-Maliki (d .: 646 AH), and from that came the importance of investigating a manuscript of an article on how the layers of the eye are installed. Large spread around the globe, you did not see now WR until now, and investigators did not look at her

The Abbasid authority relied in justifying its legitimacy on certain beliefs and ideas, supported and supported by religion, as the belief among the people reached the point that the Abbasids are the best servants, people and readers of the Qur\'an the Abbasid authority considers its right only to govern, and since the Abbasid state was based on the ruins of the Umayyad state (41-132 Ah /662-750 AD) has resorted to justifying the caliphate in several ways, In addition to the military force to impose the fait accompli with weapons and resort to war, they supported their right to power from a religious point of view, as if they were the saviors of injustice in order to gain the friendliness of the people and their sympathy to their side and then the uniqueness of power, so we emerged the desire to write in that direction trying to highlight that political employment of the speeches of the Abbasids, especially those that emerged that employment and they are at the beginning of their rule, so the search section for several investigations The first is \"the political employment of the Qur\'anic verses in the speeches of the Abbasids\", and secondly: \"The political employment of the prophetic hadiths in the speeches of the Abbasids\", in which we addressed the most prominent verses of the Qur\'an and the hadiths mentioned in these speeches of various kinds to achieve their goals, most notably the addition of jerusalem and legitimacy to their rule

Zaragoza is one of the Andalusian cities located in the northeast of Andalusia (Spain today) as it has importance in Andalusian history, and it has Islamic monuments that remain to this day, the most important of which is the Al-Jaafari Palace.The researcher has divided that topic into four main topics, starting first: Al-Andalus from the Islamic conquest to the fall, in which the researcher clarified the meaning of the word Al-Andalus and a summary of the history of Al-Andalus from the Islamic conquest from the year (92AH./711AD.) until the fall and the end of Al-Andalus in the year (897AH./1492AD.) Briefly. While the second topic was entitled: The City of Zaragoza and its Geographical Location, explaining the geography of the city and its nature by mentioning the most famous historians in describing that historic city in the Islamic period. As for the third paragraph, it came under the title: The History of the City of Zaragoza in the Islamic Period, in which the researcher examined the political history of the city from the Islamic conquest of it, through the period of governors, the emirate, the caliphate, and sects until its fall and the departure of Muslims from it in the year (512AH./1118 AD.). As for the fourth and final titled: Archeology of the Islamic City of Zaragoza, which is represented by the Al-Jaafari Palace, where the researcher described that effect accurately by contemporary historians. The researcher has relied on writing research on the descriptive-analytical method in the research folds. The researcher has relied on a number of original sources, including The History Book by Alsalsmi Alandalusy (D: 238 AH./852 AD.) and others. While the researcher relied on many modern references, the most important of which is a book: Andalusian Archeology and the End of Andalusia by Annan, and other books that the researcher employed and benefited from in documenting historical events. The Andalusian city of Zaragoza has witnessed many events in Islamic history, and it has suffered a lot from wars because it was in the face of the Spanish Christian kingdoms, the most famous of which is the Battle of Preacher. The city fell in the year (512 AH. / 1118AD.) and the most famous Andalusian Islamic landmark remained in it is the Al-Jafaria Palace, which is considered an architectural masterpiece in which Islamic inscriptions and Arabic writings tell of a great historical era

This study is based on alkharaj books of Islamic and printed money، manuscript and missing in the Abbasid era (132-656). To the methodology followed by the authors of the books of abscess and money religion were mostly from the Muslim scholars Abi Yusuf and Abu Ubaid to obtain the material of their books and their method of submission، which is based on the sources of Islamic legislation (Quran and Sunnah purifier) )، Which the Islamic economic system gave originality and uniqueness in many economic and financial aspects of the global economic systems.

The intellectual movement in the Islamic eras abounded with many scholars and specialists, and these scholars had the greatest impact on the progress of the scientific movement and the spread of Arab culture. And among those scholars who were extinguished, especially historians, who compiled books in various branches of historical writing so that they did not leave any aspect of human activity without writing about it, whether it was religious, political, administrative, economic, or social. Scholars from Basra contributed into the prosperity of the intellectual movement. And since the historical writing varied in terms of content, we will focus in this research on the Basra’s historians who were mentioned in the book of (Waffayat Alaayan fi Anbaa Abana Alzaman) by Ibn Khallakan, (died 681 AH/ 1282 AD). Ibn Khallakan, one of the most prominent of those who wrote bibliographies for the notables, according to the date of their death, and although this book included about 855 bibliographies in various countries and in various specializations, we found only six Basra’s figures who wrote in history or enumerated compilers who wrote in various fields, including history such as Ibn Hesham, Khalifah Ibn Khayyat, Omar bin Shabah, Ibn Saad, Aljahedh and Almawardi.

In this our research , we have talked about the Seljuk Fatimid relations and how this power appeared on the scene of historical events, where we dealt with the establishment of the Fatimid State in Morocco , the entry of the Fatimids to Egypt, the motives for their takeover of the Levant, the establishment of the Seljuk State , the Seljuk Fatimid relations during the entry of the Seljuks into the Levant , the Seljuk Fatimid relations during the reign of the Seljuk Sultan Alan Arslan (455-465 / 1063-1072) , the politics of the Seljuks in Hijaz and the Seljuk-Fatimid relations during the reign of Sultan Malakshah bin Alp Arslan ( 465-485 1072-1092) .
In completing the research, we relied on a number of historical sources, including the Al-KAMIL FI AL-TARIKH book for IBN AL-ATHER ( 6301232) , MARAT AL0ZAMAN FI TARIKH AL-AYAN book for asabt ibn al-jawzi ( 6541256) and BUGHAIT AL-TALAB FI TARIKH HALAB book for IBN AL-ADEEM ( 6601261) . The references that are relied (Fatimid State History ) for HASAN IBRAHIM HASAN and ( Political life in Levant during Fatimid period) for KHASHIA AL-MADHIDI and other sources and references that enriched the research and produced it in this way.

The Islamic Orient during the 3-6th Hijri / 9th-12th centuries AD had sharmakan feminist town of Al-Asfraiyyah, Al-Nisabouriya, had a share of this distinguished scientific presence of its most prominent sheikhs in the region with various sciences and knowledge, And memorize and interpret, Since the freedom of movement between cities and regions rich in science, and the journey in his request to the lands of Islam, this town has emerged on the scientific and knowledge surface, so that its students became apprenticeships at the hands of senior sheikhs in those lands and regions in the East and outside, and drew from the sources of their knowledge and knowledge, Until they were licensed in various specializations, especially in the hadith and the Qur’an, and they made many of their scientific efforts in the service of the Islamic scientific and intellectual movement, and from this standpoint we tried to shed light on this town and its most important sheikhs who specialize in hadith and the Qur’an after the researchers\' pens were absent from it, highlighting the most important figures in this town And their scientific and cognitive additions.

The emergence of the concept of the market was associated with the development of economic activities and trade operations resulting from the division of business, so man relied on production in order to satisfy his needs within the family unit and micro-society, and with the passage of time the productive human capabilities increased, which led to the emergence of a surplus in the economy that contributed to the discovery of the concept of barter ( Swap) between goods before money is used in the advanced stages. The importance of the market in Egypt dates back to the Fatimid era in order to demonstrate its economic impact on the country's prosperity and economic prosperity. As the caravans of merchants came and went carrying the products of the East and the West, markets were established full of various commodities, and measurements, hotels, khans, commercial agencies and other economic institutions were established. The markets formed the honest woman to the reality of the market economy, considering that markets, with the human density they contain, are an indicator that shows the extent of the country's prosperity and depression, security and discipline, or chaos and turmoil. All this gives an indication of the state’s strength and control or its weakness and weakness.

Ibn Battuta came through his journey that lasted for more than twenty-eight years، visited and toured the countries of the Far East and some regions in Africa، and was acquainted with most of the countries and cities and the conditions of Islamic communities in them، as he conveyed to us what he saw of the aspects of political، economic and social life، and gave information Historical value is sincere and reliable evidence and proofs that he sought in his journey، and Ibn Battuta is one of the most famous travelers in the Middle Ages، he conveyed to us his experiences with the peoples and countries he visited and he narrated to us a Western culture، for he has truly exceeded every modern traveler، he lost more in the field of geography، architecture and direction The religious aspects، as his journey was a source of knowledge and knowledge and a source of narration of Arab Islamic civilization with valuable information.

Many valuable studies have dealt with the great and widespread effects of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia (1917) politically, economically, socially and even diplomatically. Such studies have also presented judgments and discussions of its broad historical scope. However, some points and aspects related to the effects of the Bolshevik Revolution still need to be highlighted because of their importance in guiding the diplomatic tracks of the great countries. This paper deals with the dimensions of the Bolshevik Revolution effects on the events of Germany (1918-1919), and the attempts of the radical socialists to emulate the experience of the Bolsheviks in Russia, in accordance to its title, concerned with the reflection of the above mentioned events on the prospects of British policy on alongside with the German problem and the nature of David Lloyd George's Government (1918-1922) response to the challenges posed by the Bolsheviks influence on Germany, which posed a serious threat to the interests, goals and constants of British-European policy. It should be recalled that the nature and relevance of this research paper does not allow us to delve deeper into the details of these events, except to the extent that it serves the basic idea of its content, which revolves around the questions: How did the British government deal with the attempt of the German communists to emulate the Bolshevik experience? Did this affect Britain's adoption of appeasement toward Germany as a means of reducing the dangers and threats posed by the spread of communism

The British politics motives stem from self-motivated principles and aim at protecting their citizens in all place of the world, that led it to violate the laws and regulations which it launched. Britain did not hesitate to use ???? methods go carry out its policy, especially with Iran which is occupied an important priority in the strategy of British planners.
From the other hand , Iran was different from Iran before the revolution of 1979, as the political , economic, military relationships and the Persian camp are distributed, especially Britain which is taken a set of political, diplomatic and economic punishments against Iran, where the Revolutionary Guards detained a group of French hostages.
This phenomenon represented a new pattern in the level of international relations, the international community, who devoted its rejection to this policy, was irritated by imposing economic sanctions on Iran. At the same time, this policy enabled Iran to blackmail Western countries, especially Britain, which has taken three hostages. Their release ended with the conclusion of a deal to revolutionize arms to Iran through a British merchant and with unspoken sponsorship from the government, which broke its decision to be neutral and not to supply weapons to Iran as well as the sanctions it imposed.

This study aims to investigate the effect of temperatures and the amount of rain fall on the cultivation of winter vegetable crops in Diyala Governorate during the period (2007 - 2014), due to its potential and production.
Results show that temperature and amount of rain were suitable for some of places and unsuitable for others when using the correlation coefficient equation (Pearson). The study indicated that there was a positive relationship between temperature and each of the crops (Cauliflower, Lettuce, and Leeks), with a correlation coefficient (0.4, 0.59, 0.14), respectively. While there was a negative relationship between temperature and Carrots with a correlation coefficient of 0.15.
For the correlation between the amount of rainfall and the winter vegetable crops, there was a positive relationship between the amount of rain and the yield (Carrots, Lettuce, Leeks) with a correlation coefficient of (0.14 -0.08-0.74), respectively. On the other hand, there was a negative relationship between the amount of rain and the Cauliflower yield with a correlation coefficient (- 0.10).
Therefore, the loss of fallen rains should be compensated by providing additional irrigation water to prevent exposure the crop to damage, and thus increasing the agricultural production in Diyala Governorate.

The aim of the research is to evaluate a training program for history teachers and their female teachers during service to know its strengths and weaknesses, through a questionnaire applied to a sample of male and female teachers who have approved a training program in the history course for the years 2013-2014, of which (30) teachers and a school in Baghdad governorate has been completed. The design of this questionnaire by the researcher based on an exploratory questionnaire and an interview with some male and female teachers and the researcher\'s experience as a school in the subject of history and methods of teaching it, and the researcher reached a number of results, including: -First - the strengths of the program.
1- Selection of trainees on the basis of the educational supervisor\'s evaluation.
2- The trainers were of specialization.
Second - As for the weaknesses in the program: -
1- The training curriculum is free of educational aids in numbers and usage.
2- The timing of the sessions was not appropriate.
3- Not diversifying teaching methods while neglecting all kinds of planning training.
The research ended with a number of recommendations and proposals.

The study aimed at identifying the degree of activity and drills questions in the new mathematics books for grades 11 and 12 in Jordan inclusion of the Gallager and Ashner's Classification of Questions level The study was conducted in the 2019-2020 academic year. The study followed the descriptive analytical method. The researcher constructed an analysis card in light of Gallager and Asherner's classificatio of questions levels, and analyzed (1757) items. The results showed that the level of convergent questions in the book of the eleventh scientific grade ranked first by (54.19%), followed by the divergent questions that got (24.63%), then evaluative questions (15.02%) and finally the knowledge level questions got (6.16%). In the book of the twelfth scientific the highest level was obtained by convergent questions with a percentage of( 44.87%), followed by the divergent questions, which got (24.23%). The evaluative level questions got (20.11%) and knowledge questions got (10.69%).

The current research aims to identify the burnout syndrome of primary school teachers. Self-disclosure among primary school teachers, the significance of statistical differences in the correlational relationship between burnout syndrome and self-disclosure according to the gender variable (male - female), the direction and strength of the relationship between psychological burnout syndrome and self-disclosure among primary school teachers.
In order to achieve the research objectives, the researcher adopted the Psychological Burnout syndrome Scale (Al-Hatami, 2014) and built the Self-Disclosure Scale according to the theory of social penetration of (Altman & Taylor, 1973). East Baghdad, after they were chosen by random stratification, and the number of teachers was determined proportionally. After treating the study data statistically by using (the T-test for one sample, the T-test for two independent samples, the Pearson correlation coefficient, the Alpha Cronbach equation, and the Z-test), the research reached the following results: That the research sample individuals have a high psychological combustion level compared to the theoretical average of the scale, The research sample individuals have a high level of self-disclosure compared to the theoretical average of the scale, there are no statistically significant differences in the correlational relationship between burnout syndrome and self-disclosure according to the gender variable (male-female), there is a statistically significant relationship between burnout syndrome and self-disclosure. In light of these results, the research came out with a set of recommendations and suggestions.

Kant proceeded from the German reality and tried to offer a deeper reform in all its fields to advance the future of humanity in general and Germany in particular. Considering that Kant was a moral philosopher in the first place who was researching the fate of humanity as a whole and realizing that morals only come through education as it is a human quality. It was the proposition that caught our attention and from it was the subject of our research، and to reach this goal the research proceeded as follows:
The first topic discusses the ethical controls from their educational perspective in Kant، and the second study talks about the basic or scientific steps in Kant’s moral education. The third topic was devoted to the main characteristics in the formation of morals in the child.

The research tries to differentiate between two attitudes concerning the multiplicity of the Quranic readings, the first one affirms that it is relating with continuity of the version of Prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him), while the second one does not relate it to the Prophet and the heritage of Ahlul-bait (peace be upon them). The research explains the evidences for both instances whether what was established through the support of recitations or what was conflicted with the language principles and the Quranic inimitability with imposes that the recitation should be in one version, no difference in the text as it was come and approves the inimitability