Anbar Journal of Engineering Sciences

In this work, a Fuzzy Model Reference Adaptive Controller FMRAC is presented for the
speed control problem of a DC motor. The proposed controller is designed in two phases. In the
first phase, the model reference input-output data is used to obtain the fuzzy rules. Then the
effective rules are chosen to be used in the second phase. In the second phase, the obtained
controller is applied in two conditions; the non fuzzy rules or adjusting the center of output
membership functions. The simulation results shows a good speed motor tracking to the model
reference in the word of the step response coefficients

Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (PSOA) has emerged recently as an efficient and powerful
technique for the optimization of real parameters. The current study presents control scheme for electrohydraulic
actuator system which utilizes particle swarm optimization (PSO) for off-line tuning of the Fuzzy
Proportional-Derivative (Fuzzy PD) controller. The gains and Membership Functions (MFs) tuned by PSOA
which has been implemented depending on the performance indices: ITAE (Integral Time of Absolute Error),
ISE (Integral Square of Error), and IAE (Integral Absolute of Error).

In this paper the artificial neural network used to predict dilly evaporation. The model was
trained in MATLAB with five inputs. The inputs are Min. Temperature, Max. Temperature, average
temperature, wind speed and humidity. The data collected from Alramadi meteorological station for one
year. The transfer function models are sigmoid and tangent sigmoid in hidden and output layer, it is
the most commonly used nonlinear activation function. The best numbers of neurons used in this paper
was three nodes. The results concludes, that the artificial neural network is a good technique for
predicting daily evaporation, the empirical equation can be used to compute daily evaporation (Eq.6)
with regression more than 96% for all (training, validation and testing) as well as, in this model that
the Max. Temperature is a most influence factor in evaporation with importance ratio equal to (30%)
then humidity (26%).

Organo modified and unmodified sodium montmorillonite clay effect on thermal and mechanical
properties of the waste low density polyethylene (wLDPE) were studied. Commercialize unmodified (MMT)
and Organo-modified clay (OMMT) were added to the wLDPE to prepare wLDPE-clay noncomposites by
melt intercalation method. OMMT and MMT were added in a range of 1-5 wt %. Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR) used to evaluate polymer structure before and after the fabrication. Thermogravimetric
analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) were used to analyse the thermal stability and
thermal properties for the wLDPE and fabricated nanocomposites. Tensile mechanical characteristics of the
waste specimens before and after nanocompsite fabrication were evaluated. The FTIR exhibited no change in
the chemical structure of the wLDPE used after clay addition. Melting temperature and crystallization
percentage were increased up to 1 wt% loaded and decreased in with clay content increasing when compared
to the original waste matrix. The thermal steadiness of the wLDPE /clay nanocomposites were found
enhanced in the case of loading 3 wt% of OMMT. The elastic modulus has improved in the 3% OMMT
loaded.

The White Cement Kiln Dust (WCKD) is a byproduct material, formed in cement factory
during the operation of cement production. In highway construction, the WCKD can be used in
different ways such as stabilizing the subgrade of highway embankment and as mineral filler in
Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA); the latter usage will give clean and healthy environment in addition to
more economy. In Iraq, there are two common types of fillers, Portland cement and lime stone
powder. In this research, WCKD taken from Fallujah cement plant used as mineral filler in addition
to two common types. Various percentages , such as 100%WCKD, 50%WCKD + 50%Cement(C)
,100%C , 50%WCKD+50%Limestone (L), and 100% L, were used to prepare asphaltic concrete
mixes. In general, five tests were used to evaluate the performance of these mixes. Standard
Marshall Test procedure was applied under three different conditions, two of them at two
temperatures at 60 OC and 70 OC and in the third one it was used to test samples immersed in water,
at room temperature(24
OC), for four days. Indirect Tensile Strength Test (ITST) was used to
evaluate conditioning and un-conditioning samples. All test results, when compared with
controlled asphalt concrete sample (Sample contained 100% limestone as filler), were acceptable
and within the AASHTO and Iraqi Standard Specifications of Roads & Bridges 2003. Stability
values, at standard condition test, of samples containing 100% WCKD, 50%WCKD+50%C, and
50%WCKD+50%L are 11.9kN, 13.2kN, and 14.0kN respectively, while for controlled sample
was 9.0kN. The Marshall stiffness values showed similar trends, for samples having 100%
WCKD, 50%WCKD+50%C, and 50%WCKD+50%L giving 3.22kN/mm, 3.38kN/mm,
3.5kN/mm respectively but for controlled sample was 2.43 kN/mm. Same trends of results gained
in ITST .The results showed the beneficial using of WCKD as filler that will conserve the
environment and encourage the HMA producers to use this inexpensive material in their works.

Laminar natural convection heat transfer and fluid flow due to the heating from below at
variable heat source length inside two dimensional enclosure has been analyzed numerically in
this study. The enclosure has filled with air as a working fluid. The vertical inclined walls of the
enclosure are maintained at lower temperature while the remaining walls are insulated. The value
of Rayleigh number from (1x103 ≤ Ra ≤ 4x104), the inclination angle at (γ = 0o, 22.5o , 45o ) and
dimensionless heat source length at ( S = 1 and 0.5 ). The continuity, momentum and energy
equations have been applied to the enclosure and solved by using finite difference method. The
results showing that the average Nusselt number increases with the increasing of the heating
source length and decreases with the increasing in an inclination angle of the vertical walls.

A sample of 50 randomly selected rural and urban roads of
Ramadi district were observed for asphalt pavement Distresses. Three
main types of Distresses were considered; rutting, cracks and
pavement separation. In addition, different other Distresses types that
were observed were grouped in one category named \"Other\". For
each road, information about the age of the pavement was recorded.
Kaplan-Meier method was carried out in order to understand the
Remain time before pavement deterioration as well as to compare
pavement service life with respect to the type of Distress. Results of
this research revealed significant differences between pavement
service life corresponding to the type of Distress. Pavement service life
appeared to last less than 20 months when all the mentioned types of
Distresses are occurred on the road.

This paper presents the experimental results of composite slabs under static and impact
loading. Total of six specimens classified one specimen test under static loading and the
remaining five were tests under impact dynamic loading with different parameters as type of
connections and degree of interaction of composite slab. Low - velocity impact test was adopted
by select the falling mass (4 kg) made from steel material and formed as ball shape without nose.
The ball dropped freely from height of (2.4 m) and strikes the top of composite slab. The
designed dimensions of specimens is (500×500×60 mm) as reinforced concrete slab that
reinforced by mesh of (RBC) and the steel plate is (3 mm) in thickness. Deflection due to first
crack is recorded, number of blows caused first crack and failure were counted. The test results
showed that the welded stud connectors gives high strength capacity and resistance under static
and impact dynamic loadings than other than type of connections, also, full interaction as degree
of interaction is better than others.