Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences

The aim of this research is to study the kinetic reaction models for catalytic hydrogenation of aromatic content for Basrah crude oil (BCO) and vacuum gas oil (VGO) derived from Kirkuk crude oil which has the boiling point rang of (611-833)K. This work is performed using a hydrodesulphurization (HDS) pilot plant unit located in AL-Basil Company. A commercial (HDS) catalyst cobalt-molybdenum (Co- Mo) supported in alumina (γ-Al2O3) is used in this work. The feed is supplied by North Refinery Company in Baiji. The reaction temperatures range is (600-675) K over liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) range of (0.7-2)hr-1 and hydrogen pressure is 3 MPa with H2/oil ratio of 300 H / l 2 of Basrah Crude oil (BCO), while the corresponding conditions for vacuum gas oil (VGO) are (583-643) K, (1.5-3.75) hr-1, 3.5 MPa and 250 H / l 2 respectively . The results showed that the reaction kinetics is of second order for both types of feed. Activation energies are found to be 30.396, 38.479 kJ/mole for Basrah Crude Oil (BCO) and Vacuum Gas Oil (VGO) respectively.

A complex programmable logic device (CPLD) based multilevel inverter has been designed and implemented. The design involves three main parts. The first part is the switching angle generator (SAG), which determines the switching angles from an optimized primitive angle. The second part is the switching pulse generator (SPG), which controls the drive circuit of the inverter. The timing circuit is the third part, which provides the necessary timing for both SAG and SPG. Implementing both SAG and SPG using a CPLD device mean high speed cycle time. Hence an accurate timing for the switching angles is obtained compared to other procedures that uses software for calculating and generating the switching angles, such as microcontroller. MATLAB work space has been used to acquire and analyze the inverter output via the PC sound card. Results of the implemented inverter staircase output voltage, as well as the output frequency spectrum are obtained.

In this paper, the capability to use unstandard gears and their effect on the performance of the gear pumps are investigated. These effects include pump flow rate, trapped volume between two meshing gears, and pulsation flow rate factor. Equations for the pump flow rate are derived and a computer program has been written to evaluate all parameters and performance. The gear used in this work is unstandard one with correction factor of (+ 0.5). The simulation results showed that the theoretical flow rate increases when unstandard gears are used. Results showed also that the trapped volume and pulsation flow rate factor are reduced when unstandard gears are used.

The optical fiber is a very attractive communication medium since it offers a large bandwidth and low attenuation, and can therefore facilitate demanding services such as high-quality video transmission and others in computer networks. In this paper, a performance analysis of an optical gigabit ethernet performance using longer wavelength (C-Band) instead of O and E bands, and high Extinction Ratio (Er) value is presented. This performance analysis is represented by decrease the bit-error rate (BER), increase the number of nodes in the network, and increase the backbone cable length. Simulation results show improvement in the performance of the network when using 1550nm wavelength over the 1330nm wavelength for 1Gbps and 10Gbps. In addition, the results are compared for different values of Er where, higher values of Er give better performance. The work is software implemented using optical system simulator packet (OPTSIM 3.6).

Groundwater pollution by nitrate is considered as an important problem that must be addressed because many of the populations experiencing a big shortage of drinking water. In this study, the anoxic biological reactor is used to remove nitrates from groundwater. In this reactor, bacteria convert nitrate to nitrogen under anoxic conditions and lack of availability of nutrients to get the necessary energy. Five types of membrane bio-pregnant carrier within the reactor namely: activated carbon (1- 3 mm), granules of polyethylene (thickness of 3 mm X 4 mm Dia.), bentonite (0.5-1 mm), red wood (2X2X2 cm) and black sand (0.6 – 1.2 mm) are employed. Four types nutrients namely: Four types of carbonate which are: ethanol, molasses, glucose and acetic acid with the addition of sodium ortho phosphate dihydrogen (NaH2PO4) are used. Laboratory results showed that the use of activated carbon gave the best results with respect to the removal of nitrates. The results indicated also that acetic acid and molasses are the best nutrients for the reduction of nitrate ions. However, molasses may cause deposits on the inside walls of pipes and pumps. The removal efficiency of nitrate reached to 92% when using molasses and reached to 99.7% for acetic acid while it reached 54% when using glucose.

Abstract FAO Penman – Montetih is the most important ideal method for the estimation of daily potential evapotranspiration in many studies all over the world including Iraq. The objective of this study is to estimate daily potential evapotranspiration using the data of pan evaporation Class A for Mosul Region. A second degree relation is obtained with correlation coefficient of (0.92). This relation is tested and compared with other methods related to our recent study using different statistical criteria. The results showed high credibility. Therefore, it is recommend to use this method within Mousl Region, instead of using complicated equations which need many climatic information that might be unavailable.

Research companies are considered to be the pioneer in the country since it have advanced ersonal staff of high qualification. Thus it is considered as shining point in the society. Therefore, it have to be the first in applying the quality requirements. This will positively reflected on its performance.


The research aim is to evaluate the quality management for Al-Melad Company. In the present study, the current system of Al-Melad company is evaluated according to I.S.O 9001/2000 requirement. A computer program is prepared for this purpose to facilitate evaluation process depending on check lists of quality requirements and onfield existing conditions living with experts and on the information presented to the program operator through interviews, documents and registries.


The program will evaluate each element and the pivot in the system and then a total evaluation of the applied quality system. It is found that the congruence percentage with the requirements is 29.84%. This finding illustrate the need of construction quality system based on mixing the functions of the main management (planning and organizing) with I.S.O specification 9001/2000 and principles of total quality management.

Municipal Solid waste management constitutes a serious problem in many developing countries. Cities spend increasing resources to improve their Municipal solid waste management. Based on the concept that solid waste is a resource containing significant amounts of valuable materials, new approaches of solid waste management are adopted. The present work proposes a policy framework for improving a low-cost waste management system in Mosul city. The new approach induces additional services to the existing solid waste system to reduce the unit cost per ton of solid waste generated. The proposed system includes sorting, recycling and composting units.


This paper presents an application of a new computerized decision package for an integrated solid waste management within Mosul city. New software called "COSEPRE" is used to analyze the service cost for both existing and proposed solid waste management system. The input data is collected from different related directorates in Mosul city. Data that are difficult to be obtained are prepared by laboratory analysis or field investigations. The results revealed a 58% reduction in unit cost by employing the new system of solid waste management.

This research concerning with the effect of using the effective microorganisms on the efficiency of extended Aeration Activated Sludge Units which consist from many strain of Bacteria, Fungi and Actinomycetes in addition to board spectrum of nutrient and elements which important to growth, The use of this product is practically applied by using two bench scale laboratory units where they are operated to treat the wastewater after completing and preparing the activated sludge units to work under the same conditions of temperature and detention time (DT).


One bench scale is fed with wastewater and the other is operated by using a mixture of EM-1 along with the wastewater. It is noticed that the use of EM-1 with wastewater has reduced the smell resulting from disintegration in the aeration basin. Further, the color of sludge in the unit where EM-1 is added is light brown which means more activity and vitality. Besides, the concentration of mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) is increased by using EM-1 by 30% due to the increase of nutrients and a reduction in the sludge volume index (SVI) which is an important factor in the performance of the secondary settling basins which means a reduction in bulking of sludge, which is considered one of the most notable operating problem in activated sludge units. As a result bulking of sludge reduced by25% when EM-1 is used. Thus, EM-1 has participated in solving three important operating problems suffered by operators of these treatment units easily and without using complicated technologies or appliances. Further, EM-1 improves the removal efficiency of the units about 6-8% due to the reduction in chemical oxygen demand in the treated wastewater leaving the unit by 32%.

Thermal insulation properties of a blend mixture composed of different percentages (50% ,60% ,70% and 80%) of styropor with concrete and sand of equal volumetric percentages 15%, 20%, 25%,and 10% respectively. This study includes calibration of instruments for measuring the heat transferred through samples and investigating the way that used for calculating the proportions of mixing for each sample.


Finally the experiments were conducted in order to determine the correlation of thermal conductivity of each sample with its mean temperature. It was demonstrated that the new mixture has good rank of thermal properties among the other insulators, with thermal conductivity of 0.3 w/m.oC. This value is lower than the mean value of thermal conductivity values of concrete insulators in the buildings. Experiments are carried out under a temperature range of (14- 70) oC and under different volumetric proportions of the mixture.


The experimental results showed that the behavior of the thermal conductivity with the mean temperature on the two faces of the sample is directly proportional like the other insulators.