Journal of Kufa legal and political science

Intended to judicial control over the constitutionality of laws by eliminating the verification of the conformity of the law to the provisions of the Constitution, judicial censorship symbolize the body initiated by the nature of the judicial, and this kind of control over the constitutionality of laws is the subsequent control of the promulgation of the law and shows its role after the law has taken its way in the life of the state and because there was a common year considered in the constitutional systems that take Judicial control system is, with its elimination of neutrality, independence and specialization, however, states vary in their organization for this type of control. Some countries take the central-style (which is intended to be entrusted Allier a judicial one Supreme Court may be in the normal judicial system may be constitutional court of competent) Some other takes decentralized system (which holds the control of the constitutionality ofA matter which is consistent with the work of the judge and falls within the core of his work in the application of the laws and to maintain law and the exclusion of fodder Near the law if it is contrary to him.

Of the results that came out of globalization on the new reality and in the international arena, an unprecedented increase in international trade and the movement of goods and services and the movement of people .oakhzt a result of commodity and service institutions oriented internationally. As to what the world has witnessed tremendous progress in the communications process has led to the emergence of the need for systems different in those transactions .okan from within the affected so is the process of settlement arising from the investment and international trade disputes, and had to be way faster, less expensive and more efficient for the settlement of disputes, so it appeared to resort to arbitration in the field of international trade contracts in general and technology transfer contracts special, and then the international organizations and conventions have put points on the letters concerning the settlement of disputes in this area, whether it is between the state, institutions or individuals. After that appeared legislation that emphasizes turn in a private arbitration at the WTO, World Bank and the International Monetary Fund and international treaties. So arbitration is considered an appropriate way to resolve arising from the transfer of technology contract disputes.

Most constitutional systems to expand the role of the legislature in the field of questioning the occupants of executive function criminally regarding their crimes while performing their jobs, and this sense, this jurisdiction may embody in light of the widening role in the field of the charge as concerned by drawing them exclusively in some constitutional regimes ..
The investigation Vtakhts parliamentary committees in the task of investigating with the members of the executive branch after charge them, and differs from the role of the legislature in the trial in some constitutional systems Fbeda which makes it exclusive competence her while involving some of which the judiciary with a different degree of influence between them for the benefit of one of the branches and result in the granting of legislative power Hemenha those terms of reference for the rest of the authorities over the granting jurisdiction is in charge and the investigation and trial of the other members of the board of We will discuss the subject of the role of the legislature in the riminal accountability of members of the executive power in two sections according to the plan listed below: The first topic: the role of the legislature in Criminal accountability of the head of state and his deputiesThe second topic: the role of the legislature in Criminal accountabilit of the Prime Minister and his deputies and ministersWe conclude that our results speak her recommendations we propose.

The concept of "the state's irresponsibility for the Judicial work "is a dominant concept in most of the countries in the world for many considerations. Therefore, the person who has been harmed by the judicial mistakes loses his right to compensation whether the state bears responsibility or the judge.
Judges are fallible human who might fail to interpreting the laws and applying them to reality, the might take a path that is not compatible with the requirements of the their job. If the legislator has set some guarantees for the integrity of the judge but hat cannot ensure not having any mistakes at all, but it could limit those mistakes.
This made the legislators in the different countries to review that rule and made some
exceptions and some has disserted the rule of the irresponsibility of the state making the state responsible for any mistake made as in the French Judicial system.

An individual in state has many rights; civil, social, economic, cultural and political rights. But the political rights are given a special interest, and must be arranged by local legislations, especially criminal legislations. The nationality is criteria which distinguish between citizens and foreigners in state, and the political citizenship rights are given for citizens only, and foreigners not have a right to obtain the previous rights. My thesis in divided into three chapters, in addition to preface and conclusion. identification of criminal protection of political citizenship rights, this chapter is divided into three sub points; definition, legal basis and scale of criminal protection of political citizenship rights. " criminal subjective protection of political citizenship rights ", this chapter is divided into three sub points; the first
treats crimes against formation of political parties, the second treats crimes against political election, and the third treats crimes against political candidature. criminal procedural protection of political citizenship rights ", the first treats criminal action, the second treats preliminary investigation, the three treats trial and repeal.

The research problem is summarized in recognizing victim rights during peace, which is regarded as victim fundamental right, but there are some important terms and conditions must be taken in consideration during peace including : crime non effect upon society security and stabilization, legal peace terms and conditions for both criminal and victim and fair compensation, thus the victim must not ask for expensive compensation taking the chance of criminal need for peace.
The study importance is released from discussing Iraqi law and punishment laws situation from peace. Thus, the certification of some laws and regulations to participate in criminal case and asking for public right in the private criminal suit and the asking for judgment authority approval as a term for peace in simple crime non affecting society. obstacle peace procedures and threaten victim right in motivating or terminating criminal suit.
The researcher used the analytical methodology in the theoretical frame to analyze victim rights during peace from all aspects in order to discover terms and conditions required to approve peace and the resulting effects. In addition to using content analysis methodology

Current trends in modern comparative law are not limited to traditional studies of the legal family. Today, a more global approach is being taken and new terms such as “legal culture,” “cross-fertilization,” or “legal transplantation” are being studied with great interest by contemporary comparativists. The relationship between comparative law and the reasons behind the existence of legal culture is presented in order to gain a deeper knowledge of the ideological context of law and legal practice in the modern world. Globalization is sometimes analyzed as a process of circulation and dissemination of uniform legal concepts in various normative domains. In fact, although the hierarchical relationships between different fields under the international legal system are weak or even non-existent, these fields influence each other in their functioning. Hence the cross-borrowing of normative values, implementation techniques, interpretative models and legal concepts can be observed.

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Are environmental issues and related topics sensitive and beautiful at the same time to attach to clean and preserve the beauty of nature، which reflected positively on public health، especially that causes the first and the basis of disease is the dirt and gases emitted from factories or waste materials and military nuclear plants so This study was modest for the environment in Iraq for being a live atmosphere filled with gases and impurities that would cause serious diseases to humans is what really happened because people are suffering Iraq، especially of serious illness was very Mspbha the first and the foundation of environmental pollution resulting from carob and remnants of the army and the residue of the Covenant past all of this prompted me to delve in the search for this partial and linked to the competence of administrative law، especially partial administrative contro.

It is not extravagant to say something today that terrorism has become the greatest threat facing the international community all limbs. After it was states who holds the great powers. Conflicts turning into a global war. From time to time. Or the exchange of threat or use of nuclear weapons. As happened in the Cold War, which ended with the imposition of globalization or Americanism world. And make it subject to US hegemon .as that terrorism has become an international phenomenon is extremely dangerous in the face of human life in this century. In fact, the underlying motives behind the emergence of the phenomenon of terrorism and internationalization in the world. It was behind various reasons. Of them international. Stands behind the manifestations of the global system imposed by the United States. And interventions is fair in the Arab and Islamic world. Local and other related local environments of the Gulf Arab states. Represented by religious, political, economic and social factors. And thus came to be combated with the same international and domestic policies that cause this dangerous.