Tikrit Journal of Pure Science

Whilst being environmentally abundant, aluminum is not essential for life. On the contrary, aluminum is a widely recognized neurotoxin that inhibits more than 200 biologically important functions and causes various adverse effects in plants, animals, and humans. The acute toxicity of aluminum is low. No acute effects due to dietary exposure to aluminum have been observed in the general population. A compendium is provided of aluminum compounds used in industrial settings, and as pharmaceuticals, food additives, cosmetics and as other household products. In our current study, the genotoxicity of aluminum was evaluated in epithelial cells by Micronucleus assay in buccal cells and Comet assay in urinary tract cells, 50 samples were taken from the workers in the aluminum factory and 50 samples as control. The results showed significant increased in the average of the affected cells (8.86 ± 1.36) and the average total cell total (51.66 ± 18.19) in urinary tract while the average of damage cells (72.02 ± 8.99) and It is noted that the mean micronuclei (1.61±29.80) and the average abnormality in all cells (3.06 ±92.54) while the Mni(51.28 ±10.61). These results suggest that the estimation of cellular genetic damage in epithelial cells by Micronucleus assay and Comet assay estimation is important to know the toxic effects of aluminum.

The technological performance and social acceptance of water treatment in electromagnetic waves were investigate in this paper that studied in samarra university laboratories to detection the effect of electromagnetic field on water properties, it is worth to mentioning that magnetic field treatment does not leave any traces of waves in the treated water.
Electromagnetic treatment applicate on water samples using the electromagnetic field with 1.5 tesla intensity and for two continuous hours by a tube with ¾ inch. diameter and 1m length. The chemical and physical properties were studied before and after treatment. It was observed that there was a slight increase in some properties and a decrease in other properties. The reason was either to increase the dissolved oxygen and to dissolve the suspended particles and total hardness. As well as, significant decrease in total count of bacteria.

A study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of pediculus humanus capitis (De Geer, 1767) among male and female students of five primary schools in Tikrit (Abu Musa Al-Ash'ari for Boys and Fara'a schools for girls in Al-Shuhada neighborhood, and Hawa for girls ’school in Al-Qadisiyah / Al-Duibbat neighborhood, and a school Sincerely, first born for boys in Al-Asri neighborhood, and Madar mixed school in Shishen district).
The results showed prevalence of infection with parasite among the five school students, with a total injury rate of 21.9%, of which 13.8% for males and 80.11% for females. Consequently, the prevalence of parasite among students in 6-7 age group was higher than in rest of age groups, reaching 23.23% and lowest in 10-year age group and over, which reached 16.03%.
The study showed length and nature of hair (tribe or curly) in percentage of infection with parasite, as percentage of infection in females with short hair reached 12.14%, while weakness in females with long hair reached 23.12%, and percentage of injury among students of lower hair was 36.32% for those with Curly hair and 11.81% for tribute hair.

Kidney failure usually occurs as a result of lacking the normal functions of kidney as either partly or completely. In the last years, it was announced that the Interleukin-18 has received significant interest as inflame marker. IL-18 also strongly associated with renal function, and was a powerful predictive marker of renal function turbulence.
Aims: The main aim of this research is to study the relation of prolactin levels with chronic kidney failure, and to assess the relationship between serum Interleukin-18 and chronic kidney failure. Methods: The study was carried out in Tikrit Teaching Hospital from 1st of March Until the 15th of July 2019, and included 150 blood samples from patients suffering from chronic kidney failure, and 50 samples from healthy individuals as control group. Results: The study revealed the highest rate of prolactin level 58% was found in female and 23% was found in male. While in control group, the lowest level of prolactin 7% was found in male and 11% was found in female. The present study showed the highly significant relation (P<0.01) between IL-18 level and CKF. IL-18 was increased in patients with renal failure comparing with the control group (66.5±49.6 vs. 49.5±27).

Background: Kidneys are important organs in the human body because of their great importance in assisting the body to remove waste products that resulting from food metabolism through renal filtration of blood plasma from unwanted substances and excreted through diuresis and recover substances that body needs to the blood, relative effectiveness of the kidney can be estimated by measuring the efficiency of glomerular filteration rate (GRF), represented by amount of inulin filtrate into renal tubules for a specified period of time, any difference in normal value indicates the presence of a disorder in the kidney, which affects on performance of its functions and occurrence of imbalance in internal environment of the body, and leads to disrupting functions of other parts of the body, measuring rate of renal filtration is one of the best ways to know function of the kidneys and diagnose various kidney diseases and prevent their development.
Materials and Methods : The study included measuring rate of inulin clearance in the blood plasma, and estimating level of cystatin C and a number of biochemical variables in serum and evaluation the effect of body mass index BMI. 50 sample was collected from patients with chronic renal failure, and 50 sample of patients with diabetic nephropathy and 50 sample as control group.
Results: The results indicate that a significant decrease in the rate of inulin clearance in plasma and serum albumin, with a significant increase in level of serum cystatin C, glucose, urea and creatinine, and a non significant differences in level of serum uric acid in patients with chronic renal failure and diabetic nephropathy as compared to control group.

Rock failures are extremely frequent along the cut slopes of the road in the mountainous terrains of the Iraqi Kurdistan region. Qalachwalan – Suraqalat road which is to the north of Sulaimani city is one of the major transportation ways between Sulaimani city and many towns and villages of Sharbazher district. Sometimes, this road (especially in winter and spring seasons) shows many rock failures that causing hazards for locals and traffics. Therefore, the stability assessment of road-cut slopes along such road is very necessary.
For the present study ten (10) slope stations have been chosen from the road stretch of 10 Kilometers from Qalachwalan to Suraqalat, and this for stability assessment of the rock slopes with different techniques. The slope stations were chosen on the basis of difference in discontinuities pattern, variation in slope morphology and difference in the type of failure and the data were analyzed for their potential degree of stability by kinematic analysis, using DIPS v6.008 software and slope mass rating system [discrete-SMR and continuous-SMR (CSMR)], using SMR Tool - v205 software.
Kinematic analysis revealed that planar sliding may occur in slopes of station 5, 7 & 9, wedge sliding in slopes of station 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 & 10, flexural toppling in slopes of station 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8 & 10 and direct toppling in slopes of station 1, 2, 4, 5 & 7.
In the worst condition, the discrete-SMR and CSMR values for slopes in all stations range from 22-46 and 18-46 respectively, so It is observed that the values at slope station 1, 2 & 6 lie in partially-stable zone, with failure probability of 0.4, the values at slope station 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 & 10 lie in unstable zone, with failure probability of 0.6 and the value at slope station 3 lies in completely-unstable zone, with failure probability of 0.9

The research aims to study some geotechnical properties for mudstone of Injana Formation in the eastern part of Erbil city, to determine their suitability as filling materials in the dams. Nine samples representing the study area were sampled. From the results of petrophysical tests, the liquid limit and the plasticity index were found to be within the limits of the Iraqi standard, the values of the liquid limit range between (39.26-44.2)%. The plasticity index ranges between (14.96-19.82). The grain size distribution analysis shows the applicability of the zone C for Nine samples.Total soluble salts (T.S.S). Ranging from (1.04 -4.81) The gypsum contains between (0.02-0.09)%. It conforms to the Iraqi standard specification where the results of the samples (1)(2)(4)(5) suitable for the filling materials in the dams but the (3)(6)(7) (8)(9) samples unsuitable.

A total of 18 surface soil samples were collected from surrounding of industrial district at north Baiji town, and the concentration of seven trace elements (i.e. Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, As, Cd and Cr) were analyzed. The geo-accumulation index, pollution index, Nemerow pollution index, ecological risk factor and potential ecological risk index were utilized to assess soil contamination by trace elements. The mean values of geo-accumulation index showed that the study area soils are ranged from moderate to heavy contamination by Ni and slight contamination by As, Cd and Cr and uncontaminated by Zn, Pb and Cu. According to categories of pollution index, the surface soil of study area considers strongly polluted by Ni, moderately polluted by Cr and non-polluted by Cu, Zn, As, Pb and Cd. The Nemerow pollution index values of study area showed 11% of sites are slightly polluted, 17% of sites are moderately polluted and 72% of sites are seriously polluted. According to Eco- risk factor for an individual metal, the values showed moderate to considerable ecological risk by Cd, low to moderate ecological risk by Ni and low ecological risk for Cu, Zn, As, Pb and Cr. For Eco-risk index for metals, the results also showed that 27.8% of sites are low potential ecological risk and 72.2% of sites are moderate potential ecological risk.

This research aims to study the suitability of gypsum rocks in Sharqat
district as thermal insulators. The Result showed that the gypsum rocks
have negligible porosity (3.80-5.17) %. And the absorption ratio between
(1.6-2.4) %. The density was (2.15-2.34 gm/cm3). While the specific
gravity values were as (2.15- 2.34). The moisture content ranged between
(0.40 - 0.94) he the ma test esu ts showed that the ave age the ma
co ductivity va ue of gypsum ock was mc The laboratory
tests indicate a suitability of gypsum rocks of the in Sharqat area as
thermal insulators

The tin oxide was deposited by using a vacuum thermal method on
one silicon base to form four detectors , each of 0.25 cm2
in size and
separated by 0.15mm. Differences in the properties of manufactured
optical detectors were studied in the same method, conditions, and at the
same time . The results indicated that the thickness of the films (200nm,
200nm, 170nm, 180nm). And the results haven't changed much when
trying to grow another membrane. The results of the electrical properties
showed a convergence in the voltage barriers (0.74, 0.75, 0.76, 0.77)V
for thickness (200nm, 200nm, 170nm, 180nm) respectively, but the ideal
factor between a large difference in one of the detectors (5.9, 6.1, 6, 3.5).
The lighting current increases with the incident of the optical power.
The results showed that the rise time of the thinnest thickness reached
(0.096µs), which is the fastest among the detectors. While the thickest
film has off time (8.2µs), it is the fastest time for relaxation among other

Nikel-Znic ferrites with chemical formula Ni1-xZnxFe2O4 for (x:0.00 ,
0.5 and 1) were synthesis by chemical co-precipitation method at various
annealing temperatures (27°C,300°C,600°C,900°C, 1200°C) for (4h).
The samples were examined via X-ray diffraction patterns. The XRD
pattern confirm the formation of face centered cubic structure (fcc) for
all samples. The particle size, lattice parameter, theoretical density and
porosity were also measured by X-ray diffraction, and bulk density. It is
noted that granular particle size increases with increasing annealing
temperature, while decreasing lattice constant, theoretical density and
porosity with increasing annealing temperature. The homogeneity,
regularity, particle size and the roughness of sample surfaces were
calculated using atomic power microscope technique.

This paper reports far-field of the electro-optical diffraction grating to
the advantage of electro-optic response of 5CB liquid crystal. The
diffraction grating was produced by intersacting of two laser beam of
laser HeNe 632.8nm wavelength radiation transmitted through a 5CB
liquid crystal dopped Sudan Black B (SBB) dye in a cell with a
thickness of 5µm and applying a uniform electric filed across the cell.
Different concentrations of SBB dye were prepared and optically
characterised. Double side tape in a thickness of 5 µm was used to
determine the cell thickness. Zero and two diffraction orders were
observed. 16 µm grating period involve in a produced electro-optical
diffraction grating. The effect of changing voltage was investigated. The
possibility of realising the electro-optical diffraction grating made of
5CB liquid crystal doped biocompatible material chitosan doped SBB
dye to enhance the absorption properties were also investigated and
characterised using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning
Electron Microscopy (SEM), UV-vis spectrophotometer and optical
microscope. A fabricated Electro-Optic diffraction grating was
experimentally characterized. Applications of liquid crystal and the
electro-optic effect were discussed briefly.

Solar energy is one of the most widely used types of renewable energy.
Solar panels are more used, but weather factors affect their efficiency. In
this research, some factors affecting the efficiency of solar cells were
studied. A solar cell of single crystalline silicon have been used. The
theoretical efficiency of this cell was about (16.276%), and the practical
efficiency of the solar cell itself was calculated when the weather was
Cloudy and its surface moistened with rain water, its maximum
efficiency (8.5258%). As for when its surface is dry in the same
conditions, its greatest efficiency is (14.5703%), and when the
atmosphere is clear and the cell surface is covered with dust, its greatest

In this study, pure and Mg doped CdO thin films were coated on glass
substrate using a chemical bath deposition method. Adding different
molar concentrations of magnesium (0, 2, 4, 6) % to the chemical bath
solution and their effect on the structural and optical properties were
studied. Oxidation of films was conducted at 573 K for 60 minutes in the
presence of static air. The thin film properties were diagnosed with X-ray
diffraction techniques and UV-VIS-spectrophotometer. The results of Xray diffraction for the thin films showed that all prepared thin films have
a faced-centered cubic crystal structure (FCC) with a preference for
growth at level (111), and the synthetic coefficients calculated from the
X-ray spectrum are affected with increasing Mg ratios in the chemical
bath solution. The results of the optical tests showed that the absorption
of the resulting thin films increases with increasing Mg ratios in the
chemical bath solution, have a high absorption coefficient in the visible
region of the electromagnetic spectrum, and the transmittance decreases
with the increase of Mg in the chemical bath solution. The optical energy
gap of the prepared thin films changes with increasing Mg doping rates
and extends from (2.46) eV to (2.95) eV. The results showed a
significant improvement in the structural and optical properties of Mg ion
doped CdO films making it suitable for use in many phot

In this study we used Diffie-Hellman (D-H) method with algorithms
used monomials to get on hybrid algorithms to find a new key which can
be used in clear text encryption

We propose a three-term conjugate gradient method in this paper .
The basic idea is to exploit the good properties of the BFGS update.
Quasi – Newton method lies a good efficient numerical computational,
so we suggested to be based on BFGS method. However, the descent
condition and the global convergent is proven under Wolfe condition.
The new algorithm is very effective e for solving the large – scale
unconstrained optimization problem

Amodule M is called comp. Hopfian if any epomorphism f End (M)
. ker f is complement of N in M for some submodule N of M . In this
study, some properties of comp. Hopfian modules are investigated with
examples

A new definitions of some Supra hereditary and Supra topological
property was introduced namely ( - Supra hereditary and – Supra
Topological) properties , the relation between them was studied for
some Supra – Separation Axioms
At last many characterization and theorem was proved .

In this paper we using a linear feedback control methods on the Lorenz
modified 3D system. we used the dynamical analysis system to find
critical points, eigenvalues, and for stability, the Jacobi matrix, to
investigate some dynamical behaviors of the system to find stability
regions of the system in all methods used to suppress the originally
unstable behavior of this system. The necessary and sufficient condition
for suppression of unstable behavior for this system is getting positive
feedback coefficient. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation
proved that the results obtained.

Let R be a commutative ring, the Pseudo – Von Neumann regular
graph of the ring R is define as a graph whose vertex set consists of all
elements of R and any two distinct vertices a and b are adjacent if and
only if

, this graph is denoted by P-VG(R), in this
work we got some new results about chromatic number of Pseudo-Von
Neumann regular graph of cartesian product of rings.