Academic Science Journal

This paper presents a method that uses the multiwavelet transform in
compressing a noisy speech signal and then, testing its effect on the reconstruction of
noisy speech utterances after decompression. The ability of multiwavelet transform in
compacting signal energy is employed to separate the significant signal features from
the noise contribution. The proposed technique showed an improved SNR for the
processed speech samples. In each performed experiment, the correlation coefficients
are computed and compared to the correlation coefficient yielded by a similar
compression scheme based on the cosine transform. The use of the multiwavelet
based compression technique is superior in identification of noisy Arabic speech
utterance especially at high input SNR values.

Information hiding techniques have recently become important in a number of
application areas. Information hiding and cryptography are cousins in the secrecy
family. Information can be hidden many different ways in audio. But, most of these
ways suffer from the suitable choice of the message (and\or) cover size. Nearly, all
hiding techniques can not hide audio message in smaller audio cover. Therefore, this
paper presents proposed system that capable from solving this problem. The proposed
system depends on two main ideas. First idea is wavelet compression for secret audio
message. This idea converts the secret audio message to half size at least. The second
idea is masking steganography for the compressed secret audio message. This idea has
the ability to hide an audio message in similar size audio cover. These two ideas are
applied in transmitter side, in order to obtain the audio stegocover that hide message
of double size larger than the cover. However, the reverse of these processes are
applied in receiver side, in order to decompress\ extract the secret audio message.

This paper gives an informative overview about Bluetooth technology
(which has become a standard for wireless connectivity), through connecting two
computers as wireless nodes using Bluetooth technology. Three types of data (text,
audio, and image) are transferred through the specified connection. Then, distance and
throughput are tabulated. The practical results with the effective distance for each data
type are given and discussed.

In this research we will discuss the imprecise distribution problem of the
Arabic characters on keyboards. We suggest a new Arabic-based coding scheme
instead of ASCII with a new bilingual keyboard suitable for it. The number of keys in
the proposed keyboard is reduced to increase the speed of input characters. The
proposed keyboard is designed to be used with single hand. The second hand maybe
used for supporting to press the control keys only. The suggested Arabic-based coding
scheme is compressed so that each character with its vowel point is stored in single
byte instead of two bytes using ASCII. In other words, we reduce the capacity needed
to store the Arabic text to the half of the capacity required using ASC

Audio Fractal Compression is based on the concept of partitioned iterated function
system (PIFS). It exploits the self similarity that is commonly present in audio; this
similarity could exploit as a sort of redundancy to compress the audio data. Audio
fractal compression finds similar patterns that exist in different scales and different
places in audio, and then eliminates as much redundancy as possible.
The introduced system consists of two major units; the first is the Encoding unit and
the second one is the Decoding unit. In the Encoding unit, the original audio is
partitioned into range blocks (non overlapping blocks) and the domain blocks are
generated using down sampling with overlapping partitioning, the partitioning step is
accomplished using fixed block size audio partitioning scheme. The best matched
domain block (i.e., the more self-similar blocks) must be found for each range block
by applying an approximate affine transformation. The compression process is
finished by storing only the affine transform parameters for every range block. The
task of finding self-similarities (via the matching process) is accomplished by making
search overall blocks of the domain pool, this will require high computational
complexity. This considered a major drawback of the fractal audio compression
method.
The Decoding unit is typically done by iteratively applying the affine transformations
starting with randomly initialized audio data; this transformation repetition is
continued until convergence is achieved. The decoding module is less computational
demanding than the encoding module. The developed software was tested using four
wave samples of data, and it gives encouraging compression result.

The complexation between folic acid and a typical polyaromatic hydrocarbon,
naphthalene, was investigated using FTIR and UV spectra. Appearance of a new IR band at 2376
cm−1 demonstrates that NH2–C=N moiety on pterin ring in folic acid is protonated when
naphthalene is introduced. The emergence of two charge transfer bands at 235 nm and 296 nm in
UV difference spectra show the presence of π-π complexation between folic acid and
naphthalene. These experiments confirm that naphthalene could combine with the pterin ring of
folic acid through π-π donor–acceptor interaction and induce the protonation process in folic acid
upon strengthening electron accepting ability of pterin ring. The results suggest that
complexation between naphthalene and folic acid necessarily changes their charge distribution
and the surroundings. It is inferred that not only biotransformation process of folic acid, but also
the toxicity of polyaromatic hydrocarbons could be changed.

In this research, the study of some optical properties such as, (reflectance, refractive
index and dielectric constant in its two parts) were calculated of cadmium oxide thin films
prepared by the chemical spray paralysis and precipitated on glass substrates heated to (723K),
also, the study of the effect of thickness on these properties.

The target of the present work is to synthesize a series of new Citraconimides containing
benzothiazole rings. Syntheses of these new cyclic imides were performed via two steps:
The first one involved preparation a series of N-(substituted benzothiazole-2-yl)
Citraconamic acids via reaction of citraconic anhydride with 2-aminobenzothiazole substituted
with different substituent's. The resulted citraconamic acids were dehydrated in the second step
via treatment with acetic anhydride and anhydrous sodium acetate or by fusion method to afford
a series of desirable N-(substituted benzothiazole-2-yl) Citraconimides. The synthesized
compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against four microorganisms' including
[Staphylococcus aurous and Streptococcus pyogenes] (Gram positive) bacteria and [E.coli and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa], (Gram-negative) bacteria respectively. The new compounds were
found to exhibit good to moderate antibacterial activity .also anti fungal activity of the prepared
compounds were tested against [Candida albicans] fungi and some of the tested compounds were
found to exhibit good antifungal activity.

This paper presents the synthesis and study of some new mixed-ligands complexes
containing anthranilic acid and amino acid L-alanine (Ala) with some metals. The resulting
products were found to be solid crystalline complexes which have been characterized by using
(FT-IR,UV-Vis) spectra , melting point, molar conductivity , chloride ion content were also
determin by (mohr method) and determination the percentage of the metal in the complexes by
(AAS).The proposed structure of the complexes was suggested using program , Chem Office
3D(2004) .The general formula have been given for the prepared complexes :
[M(A)(Ala)]. nH2O n= 0,2
AH = Anthranilic acid = C7H7NO2 AlaH = alanine = C3H7NO2
Anthranilate ion = C7H6NO2- Ala- = Alanin ate ion = C3H6NO2-
M(II): Mn(II) ,Fe(II),Co(II) , Ni(II) , Cu(II) , Zn(II) and Cd(II)

In this work; Vanadium (V) chelate complex derived from tetradenate Schiff base (L)
Chloro- Oxo ( bis ( p- hydroxyl benzaldehyde ) ethylene diiminato ) Vanadium (V) complex was
synthesized and characterized. The photochemical decomposition is investigated by Infrared and
ultraviolet spectroscopy. The kinetics of the photochemical reaction of this complex when
irradiated with light of λ=365 nm at 25◦ C was studied in four different organic solvent ,with
different polarity .These solvents were CCI4,dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO),1,4 dioxane and
CHCI3.It was found that the rate of photodecomposition of this complex is first order and also
dependent on polarity of the solvent. The mechanism of photochemical decomposition of
(VOLCI) in these solvents was elucidated by adopting the spectra technique (Uv-visible and
infrared ) observations suggest that an intra oxidation –reduction reaction in this complex occur
to breaking of(V-CI) bond and the formation chlorine atom and Vanadium (1v)
complex(V1VOL).

The present study evaluates the potential of the yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae to
remove mercury and nickel from aqueous solutions. The effect of pH, initial concentration,
contact time, and biosorbent dosage on biosorption capacity is studied in batch experiments.
Experiment results show that metal uptake is a rapid process at pH values (5.0-6.0). Sorption
isotherms are studied to explain the removal mechanisms of metal ions by fitting isotherm data
into Langmuir and Freundlich equations, the biosorption of mercury and nickel from aqueous
solutions on live yeast at an initial pH of (5.0-6.0) could be described by both the Freundlich and
the Langmuir adsorption isotherms. Pretreatment using NaOH, HCL, and ethanol enhance
biosorption capacity of the yeast.
It was concluded that nitric acid with low concentration of 0.05 N is effective in
desorbing the biosorbed metal ions. On the other hand, sodium hydroxide solution of 0.2 M is
effective in regenerating the yeast; the regenerated yeast could be used for at least six cycles of
biosorption, without losing its metal removal capacity. Carboxyl, amine, and phosphate groups
present in the yeast were found to be the main biosorption sites for metal ions.

Diarrheal diseases account for approximately 2 million deaths annually in children
under the age of 5years. Disease and death caused by diarrhea is a global problem, but is
especially prevalent in developing countries. The aim of the present study is to determine the
possible role of E.coli mainly Enter pathogenic (EPEC) serogroup (O111, O55, O26, O86,
O119, O127, O114, and O142) and Enteroinvasive E.coli (EIEC) serogroup (O124); Giardia
lambleia and Entamoeba histolytica co infections in pathology of acute diarrhea among
children's of Baghdad governorate. A total of one hundred seventy presented with diarrhea
that proved through clinical investigation were enrolled in this study. After microbiological
examinations, Sixty four children that infected with two pathogens were selectively enrolled in
this study. The minimum age of infected children was 4 months while maximum age was 116
months. Thirty four (53.1%) % out of Sixty four children were males and females represent the
rest 30(46.9%). Stool samples of patients were submitted for direct microscopical examination
for detection of G.lamblia and E.histolytica using wet preparation technique. Gram
staining technique was applied for demonstration of gram negative bacilli. Stool culture was
done using MaCconky agar for determination of E.coli. API 20E system was used for
biochemical characterization of E.coli .serogrouping of E.coli was done by direct slide
agglutination technique in to four types (type1 EPEC serogroup ( O111,O55,O26 ), type 2
EPEC serogroup ( O86,O119,O127), type3 EPEC serogroup ( O125,O126,O128 ), type 4
EPEC/EIEC serogroup ( O114,O124,O142 ) using Specific trivalent antisera.
In this study the critical age groups were (4-20)month followed by (21-37) month and
(38-54) which represent (31.25%) , (28.12%) and (25%) of infected cases . on the other hand
the age group (106-122) month was consider less critical age of infection with diarrhea
causative agents. Among the age group (4-20) month, infection with E.histolytica represent
(21.87%) while infection with EPEC serogroup (O86, O119, O127)represent (12.5%) out of 64
infected children. infection with G.lamblia represent (6.25%) while at this age group the low
detectable frequency of infection was caused by EPEC /EIEC serogroup (O114, O124, O142),
(3.12 %) with no detectable frequency of infection with EPEC serogroup ( O111,O55,O26)and
EPEC serogroup (O125, O126, O128). Regarding age group (21-37) month high frequency
(25%) of infection with E.histolytica was recorded compared with (6.25%) for EPEC
serogroup (O86,O119,O127), and EPEC /EIEC serogroup ( O114,O124,O142 ). low detectable
frequency (3.12%) of infection was caused by G.lamblia .At the age group (38-54) month high
frequency of infection with E.histolytica was recorded (18.75%) compared with (3.12%) for
EPEC /EIEC serogroup ( O114,O124,O142 ), G.lamblia . Equal frequency of infection was
recorded for EPEC /EIEC serogroup (O114, O124, O142) and G.lamblia (6.25%) in the age
group (55-71) month as well as for E.histolytica (6.25%) in the age group (72-88) month and
(3.12%) in the age group (106- 122) month . E.histolytica was more frequent pathogen that
detected in (75%) of diarrheal cases followed by EPEC serogroup (O86, O119, O127), (21.9%),
EPEC /EIEC serogroup (O114, O124, O142) and G.lamblia (18.8%) for each one. This study
revealed that co infection with EPEC serogroup (O86, O119, O127) and E.histolytica
represent (15,62%),while co infection with EPEC / EIEC serogroup ( O114,O124,O142) and
G.lamblia represent (9.73%).on the other hand co infection with EPEC / EIEC serogroup
(O114,O124,O142)and E.histolytica represent (9.73%).This study revealed that there was
positive linear relationship between age of infected children and infection with EPEC serogroup
(O86, O119, O127) (r=.367;p=.039. strong negative linear relationship between EPEC / EIEC
serogroup ( O114,O124,O142 ) and E.histolytica infection( r= -.462;p=.008) as well as
between G.lambelia and E.histolytica infection (r=-.832;p=.000) .This study concludes that
there is a possible correlation between O-antigen Serogrouping and coinfection with EPEC /
EIEC, EPEC, G.lambelia and E.histolytica.

Medical contamination in the operation surgical theaters is considered a major and a very
important cause of acquired nosocomial infections. The objective of this study was to assess the
incidence of microbial contamination in the operation surgical theaters in Baquba General
Hospital in Diyala province, and the source of the probable contamination, so (700) swabs were
collected from four different operation theaters, swabs were taken in duplicate from different
surfaces, equipment, and antiseptic solutions before and after surgical operation, cultured on
different cultured media, culture characteristics were examined; isolates identification was
confirmed by biochemical tests. During the period of this study (April- June- August) incidence
of positive cultures was 17.71%, 13.71%, and 12% respectively, with a statistically significant
increase (P< 0.05) in April, where the total gram negative bacterial isolates was 57.25%
,56.25%,and 78.57% respectively with a statistically significant increase (P< 0.05) along the
study period . Also, the total gram positive bacterial isolates was 38.7%, 39.57%, and 20.23%
respectively, whereas the Candida albicans was recorded the following percentages of isolation
4.03%,4.16%,and 1.19% respectively with a statistically significant increase (P< 0.05) in April
.Coliforms were given the highest isolation percentages 35.45%,37.48%,and 42.85%
respectively. E.coli, the most representative pathogen of coliforms was the most common
isolated pathogen by reaching 17.74%, 20.83%, and 23.80% respectively. Staphylococcus
epidermidis was ranked the second in April and June, recording 29.83%and 27.08%respectively,
whereas Pseudomonas aeruginosa was placed in the second rank in August recording 23.80%.
Generally, a clear decrease in the percentage of bacterial and fungal positive cultures was
marked towards summer months, with an obvious prominence of the gram negative bacteria, also
the results that concerning distribution of different microbial isolates in June and August were
showed to a great extent the same pattern of microbial distribution which observed in April.

This study aimed to determine the honey effect on typhoid fever (TF) patients those
which their serum samples assayed and were positive to widal test. In this study, (117) cases
male and female with age between (9-50) years, during the period from 30/1 to 1/7 at 2009. Kitantigen
had been used which produced by (Plasmatec Laboratory Product Ltd) to perform widal
test by slide method. The results showed that there were (100) of (117) were positive to widal
test. Positive cases were divided to two equal groups. First group were treated by effective
antibiotics against salmonella species bacteria that cause TF. While second group were given
honey in addition to antibiotics treatment for three weeks. Then, the second test was performed
for both groups. The results showed that the percent of patients those treated by antibiotics only
and had been response (decreasing in titer of antibodies) were (30%) & (56.3) for both somatic
(O) and flagellar (H) antigens, While the cases those not response to treatment were (70%) &
(43.7%) for both (O) and (H) antigens. The second groups those were treated by antibiotics in
addition to honey. Percent of patients those had been response were (68.7%) & (76.2%) for both
(O) and (H) antigens. While the cases those not response were (31.3%) & (23.8%) for both (O)
and (H) antigens. From these results, the effect of honey with antibiotics in treatment of typhoid
fever patients fever was very clear.

Background: The seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV)
infections are largely depend on the rate of chronic carrier in the community and the
predominant route of infection.
Objectives: to investigate the seroprevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infection in
Diyala province during the period from 2003 to 2008.
Materials and methods: This study was conducted for the period from 1/February/2003 to
30/April/2008. Data were extracted from records of the virology unit in the Public Health
Laboratory in Baquba. Data were translated to computerized data base and statistically analyzed.
Results: The highest annual prevalence rate of HBV infection was found in 2004 (5.5/1000
tested samples) and highest annual prevalence rate of HCV infection was found in 2004
(2.5/1000 tested samples). The HBV and HCV positive cases were peaked in April months. The
HBV positive cases were significantly higher among the age group (20-29) years (p <0.001). The
HCV positive cases were significantly higher among the age group (30-39) years (p < 0.001).
There is no association between HBV and HCV positivity rates and the district of residence. The
HBV and HCV positivity rates were significantly higher (p= 0.009) in males compared to
females.
Conclusion: Although the annual seroprevalence of HBV is slightly decline, the annual
seroprevalence of HCV is increased. Strengthening of surveillance system is recommended.

A suggested new mathematical function has been used for representing the axial
magnetic flux density distribution along the optical axis of the magnetic lens. The main feature
of this function is that it has more than one optimization parameters to let more flexible for the
designer to test more one parameter that suggested in this function to reach the best axial
magnetic flux density which gives optimum objective focal properties with available
reconstruction pole pieces.

Films of polystyrene of different thicknesses have been prepared by casting method.
Transmission and absorption spectra have been recorded in order to study the effect of increasing
thickness on some optical parameters such as transmittance absorptance, refractive index,
extinction coefficient, and absorption coefficient, real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant.
This study reveals that all these parameters affect by increasing the thickness.

We have studied the effect of gamma irradiation on the absorption spectra and the
optical energy gap of CdS thin films deposited by chemical bath technique method on glass
substrate. Transmittance spectra have been recorded in order to determine reflectivity, absorption
coefficient , kind of transition .The optical constants such as refractive index , extinction
coefficient , real and imaginary part of dielectric constant have also been studied , it was seen
that all the parameters under investigation affected by gamma irradiation.

These papers study the operation of etching poly-silicon wafer by using CF3Br plasma under
condition 40mT, 1500 volt. Obtained on directional etching (anisotropic etching) with less
selectivity, the directional etching caused lattice damages on the surface of the wafer.

In this paper, we deal with the problem of uniqueness of entire functions that share one
value CM with their first derivative. The author proves that if a non- constant entire function f
and its derivative f ¢
share the value a(¹ 0) CM and f (z) = a when f z = a ¢¢( ) then f f º ¢ .
This result is related to a result of Jank- Muse-Volkmann

Stability of an approximation of a minimum for a control problem of Bolza is
investigated. The dual dynamic programming method is used. Ane -value function and a dual
e -value function are defined. Several properties of these functions are presented. The
verification theorems are proved.

The (Pb1-xSnx) thin films were prepared by using the chemical spray pyrolysis method
on a borosilicate glass bases at temp. (633K) . also we are study the optical properties included
the recording of absorption and transmittance spectra for the films within the range (300-
900nm), The optical constants such as reflectivity,extinction coefficient, refractive index ,real
and imaginary part of dielectric constant have also been studied .

Eucalyptus camadulensis tree grows in most parts of Iraq, their leaves contain variable
rates of essential oils and other extracts which are useful for perfume, drugs and other
industries.This study, uses organic solvents, Pet.ether (40-60 Co) and aqueous alcohol (ethanol :
water, 75% :25%) in the extraction with soxhlet of essential oils (non-polar) and other extracts
(polar) from mature& immature Eucalyptus camadulensis Leaves grown in Kirkuk city,. The
results appears that the total percentage of the extracts was 10.52%, the essential oils (2.5%,
1.2%) and the aqueous alcohol extracts (4.52%, 2.3%) in the mature& immature leaves
respectively and the extractives in mature was more than immature leaves (7.02%, 3.5%).

Thin film of (ZnO)x(CdO)1-x have been prepared using the chemical spray pyrolysis
technique on a borosilicate glass substrates at a temperature (723K) , the effect of gamma
radiation have been studied using (Cs137) for time period (21) days . The optical properties
such as: absorbtance, reflectance , extinction coefficient , real and imaginary parts of the
dielectric constant, The study that irradiation cause decreasing in the absorptance , reflectance,
extinction coefficient ,refractive index , real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant.

The present work deals with the preparation and thermal investigation of
interpenetrating networks (IPNs) of epoxy resin and N -phenyl maleamic acid The following
monobasic amic acids were synthesized : PMA, After characterization by IR spectroscop,the
IPNs were studied thermally using TGA and IGA techniques.
For TGA measurements the following points were observed: The comparison of (Wt %)350
with IDT and CDT values reveal its agreement with CDT more than IDT values. this observation
indicate that IDT values are not suitable measure for thermal stability.The values of IDT,CDT
and (Wt%)350 are nearly almost the same in the range(25,50,80,120,180) C This behavior may be
due to the inclusion of second polymer in the epoxy matrix The higher (Wt%)350 value was
observed in natural medium.As well The activation energy of activation (by using Fuoss
equation) was also estimated .

In this research, study the effect of low power laser (Q-switching) (Nd-YAG) of
(200mjoule) and (1.06μm), on the some of optical properties of (Fe2O3) thin film prepared by
chemical spray pyrolysis method, It hase been found that laser treatment of the thin films were
affected on optical properties.

Thin films of CuIn(SexTe1-x)2 have been deposited on glass substrates by vacuum
thermal evaporation of thickness (250nm) , the study of the effect of irradiation by gamma rays
from ) Cs137(source on the following optical constants : Absorptions, Reflectance , Extinction
Coefficient , Refractive Index , Real and Imaginary Parts of the Dielectric Constant, It was
found the all these parameters were affected by irradiation.

Zinc oxide thin films and zinc oxide thin films doped by chlorine, fluorine, bromine and
iodine, of different ratios (0.03, 0.05, 0.07, and 0.09) have been prepared by using the chemical
spray Paralysis on borosilicate glass substrates at a temperature (673K). We were studied the
electrical conductivity for the films. The results show the values of conductivity were affected by
doping.

The present study was designd to shed some light on the immunological effects of the
flower extract of Nerium oleander.
The effects of the extract on the immuno- suppressive action of the drug Mytomicine-C were
also investigated in vivo using albino muose (Mus musculus) . The immunological tests included
total and differential counts of leucocytes, phagocytic index of peritoneal cells and specific
activity of adenosine deaminase in thymic cell homogenate.
Three doses of flower extract were tested , they were (11,22,33mg/kg) did not show negative
effects on the activity of immune system of laboratory animals. In contrast, an obvious ectivating
effects of this extract were observed regarding the activation of the immune system. This effect
was dose – dependent as shown above.

This study was carried out in the cold storage unit , Horticultural Department and the
Plant Protection Department laboratories, College of Agriculture , University of Baghdad , Abu-
Ghraib , during the seasons 2004and 2005. The results showed that isolation of the genera
Alternaria , Aspergillus , Penicillium , cylindrocarpon , Rhizopus , Sclerotinia from green bean
pods stored under temperatures of 12 – 18 , 8 , 4oC. Netted bags decreased frequency rate of
Alternaria sp in sterilized and non sterilized pods under the three temperature (12-18 , 8 , 4)o C.
the above mentioned treatment displayed the lower frequency rate of Aspergillus sp for sterilized
and non sterilized pods under (12-18) o C and non sterilized pods under 4 o C on the other hand ,
under 8 oC temperature no infection was occurred for non sterilized pods treatments .The genus
Penicillium sp was not found in sterilized pods kept either in polyethylene bags with 32 holes or
netted bags and storied under 12-18oC . It also was not found in the netted bags for sterilized
fruits under 4oC .The genus Cylindrocarpon sp did not found in sterilized and non sterilized pods
kept in polyethylene or netted bags and stored at room temperature (12 – 18)oC , while the lower
frequency rate of this genus was found in non sterilized pods kept in netted bags stored in 8o and
4o C. the paper bags less frequency rate was recorded for Alternaria sp after 13 days from the
storage date . The treatment of fine cotton bags had the lowest frequency rate of both Aspergillus
sp and Cylindrocarpon sp after 13 days from the storage date. Penicillium sp did not appear in
pods kept in stiroform boxes , while the genus Sclerotinia sp did not appear in pods kept in both
paper bags and cottony bags under 4 + 1o C. Sterilized pods kept in netted bags showed lower
percent of microbial decay of (10.0 , 15.0 and 6.6%) after (6 , 15 , 21) days at (12 – 18 , 8 and 4 o
C ) respectively . The pods in striform boxes had the lowest percent of microbial decay which
was 11.5% after 11 days from storage date. In the treatment of stiroform boxes no pelling off
was found in the fruits as this treatment was characterized by maintaining the highest value of
chlorophyll pigments (a , b , total) in the fruits which was 0.0047 , 0.0021 , 0.0068 respectively
after 13 days from storage date .
part of M.Sc. thesis of First Author