Tikrit Journal of Pure Science

In this paper, we will present different type of CG algorithms depending on Peary conjugacy condition. The new conjugate gradient training (GDY) algorithm using to train MFNNs and prove it's descent property and global convergence for it and then we tested the behavior of this algorithm in the training of artificial neural networks and compared it with known algorithms in this field through two types of issues

This study aimed to use the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers based on the PCR technique in the analysis of genetic variation among seven olive grown cultivar Olea europaea L. cultivars in Saladin province in Iraq Eighteen primers were used in RAPD reactions ,Results of RAPD experiments showed different loci of the bands. The total number of loci defined by the primer was 99 loci, of which 18 were general sites for all samples and 81 different locations. (OPP-01, OPM-15, OPK-13,1700bp) highest, and the lowest partial size in the primers [100 bpOPH-14, OPG-05] The variance between the samples studied was highest, as OPZ-08 (9.0), and less than in OPM-03 (2.1) The ability to discriminate for the primers was characterized by the OPZ-08 primer with a maximum discriminating higher of 9.0. The OPM-03 primer was characterized by the least discriminating of 2.1A total of 429 total bands bundles were produced, of which 18 were general main bands and 411 were polymorphic bands, The total number of distinctive bands resulting from in this study was 49. 21 absent band and( 28) Unique bands. The sample Santacatrina 5 received the highest number of missing bands, reaching (16 bands) Shamlaily is a sample 2 with the highest number of unique bands 7. The genetic distance values ranged from (0.769-0.089), the lowest value of the genetic distance (0.089) and the difference between the four types (Frantoryo and 3 photo), and the highest genetic distance was between 5 (Santacaterina and 6) 0.769.While the analysis of the genetic relationship revealed that there are three main groups, including the first sample (5) Santacaterina, the second group including subgroups B1, B2 included the first B1 sample only one sample Krodsoo, while the second group B2 has included the remaining items Shamali, Sorani, Frantoyo Duhkan, Qais

Materials And Methods: The neonate thyroid gland collected and inspected grossly and taken all measurements. Then histologically preparation of the slides and stained with routine Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and special stains for descriptive study. Alive healthy neonates was taken for assessment of thyroid stimulation hormone, in addition the volume by ultrasound and using ellipsoid formula 0.479 as correction factor.
Results:- Thyroid gland present in lower part of neck anteriorly. Consist from right and left lobes connected via isthmus from lower medial portion of gland. The gland appeared U shape, red brown in color. The mean ±SD Weight 1.35 ±0.34 gram. Dimensions measurement as following, length 12.48 ±1.76, 12.21 ±1.79 for right and left lobes respectively. Width 5.73 ±0.82, 5.88 ±0.73 for right and left lobe. Under light microscope contain large number of follicles larger follicle present on periphery and small in central. The means of TSH in different age groups were had a tendency to decreased as following 10.70 ±3.09 mU/L, 3.55 ±1.81mU/L, 3.30 ±1.61mU/L, and 2.85 ±1.27 mU/L, in male. While in females were 10.90 ±3.19 mU/L, 3.60 ±1.98 mU/L, 3.41 ±1.23 mU/L, and 3.48 ±1.45 mU/L in groups A, B, C, and D, respectively. The total volume of neonates thyroid gland groups in present study in male that were 412.7 ±62.2 mm3, 429.5 ±60.7 mm3, And the total volume in female were 401.2 ±83.9 mm3, 428.6 ±57.8 mm3 for first two groups respectively. The present study aimed to describe normal neonate thyroid gland as Anatomical, Histological, Hormonal, and Sonographical study it can throw light to help clinicians deal better with the gland during neonatal period in addition provide local standard data.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a common infection especially in developing countries and can involve almost all bodily systems. Iraq has been identified as middle TB burden country in the world. The aims of the study are to determine the main factors that lead to prevalence of TB in people living in Nineveh governorate, to study the histopathological effect of M. tuberculosis on the tissues. The objective of epidemiological study is to find the relationship between M. tuberculosis and age, sex, education level, occupation, type of TB and sectors of people living in Nineveh governorate. This study included 100 patients infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( 51 males and 49 females ) the age of the patients ranged from 1–75 years through the period from september 2010 to september 2011. In order to determine the main factors that lead to TB infection, data collected from all 100 patients infected with TB. Tissue sections were taken from patients with active TB from (lung, lymph node and breast mass) and fixed in (10%) formaldehyde and (4µm) paraffin blocks sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin or Ziehl Neelsen stain for histopathological examination. Data for epidemiological study of patients diagnosed with TB were collected from consultant clinic for chest and respiratory diseases in Nineveh governorate over a 16-year period (1994-2010). The results showed that The main factors that lead to TB infection were diabetes with a percentage of (25%) of the patients, followed by smoking with a percentage of (20%) . Changes in the tissues infected with tuberculosis is the formation of tuberculous granulomas .The result of epidemiological study showed that the number of Tuberculosis cases in Nineveh governorate increased between 1994-2002 and decreased between 2002-2010. The number of TB cases in males is more than in females . The main age groups infected with TB was the productive ages (15-34 years). Pulmonary TB is more than Extrapulmonary TB .The highest percentage of TB in sectors of Nineveh governorate (25%) for each of left sector and right sector, followed by (13.7%) in Sinjar

This study was conducted at Salahaddin General Hospital to find out the impact of pregnancy month and the sex of the fetus on progesterone, cortisol hormones and some biochemical compounds (VLDL-C, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG Cholesterol, and Glucose), during the last trimester of the pregnant women. Ninety blood samples were collected from the pregnant women, 5ml blood from each woman, the number of pregnant women during the 7th, 8th and 9th months (34, 29, 27) woman respectively. During the ninth month of pregnancy, there was a significant increase (P≤0.01) in the concentration of cortisol hormone compared with the seventh and eighth month, but the concentration of progesterone hormone decreased significantly (P≤0.01) during the ninth month compared to the seventh and eighth months. The concentrations of (VLDL-C, LDL-C, TG, Cholesterol, and Glucose) increased in the ninth month of pregnancy compared to the seventh and eighth months, while the concentration of the HDL-C increased in the seventh and eighth months compared with the ninth month. There were no significant differences between the male and the female fetus in pregnant women cortisone and progesterone concentrations. The pregnant women with male pregnancy significantly increased compared with the female fetus pregnancy in the (VLDL-C, LDL-C, Glucose) while the female pregnancy significantly increased compared with the male fetus pregnancy (P≤0.05) in concentrations of HDL-C. There are no significant differences observed between the male fetus and female pregnancies in cholesterol concentrations. Conclusion: this study finds out that the ninth month of the pregnancy caused more detriment to the pregnant women and male fetus is more likely to cause stress on the pregnant women than the female fetus.

A total of 140 samples were collected from patients staying at Tikrit Teaching Hospital for three days or more in order to identify the most common bacterial isolates within the infections acquired from Tikrit Teaching Hospital and its relation to the age, gender and educational level of the patient. The samples included 75 urine samples, 28 stool samples, 28 wound swabs, and 9 sputum samples. The percentage of nosocomial infections was (45.7%), where the highest percentage were among UTIs (50.7%) from the total of (75) samples, followed by wound infections (42.9%) from the total of (28) samples, gastrointestinal infections (39.3%) from the total of (28) samples, and pneumonic infections (33.3%) from the total of (9) samples. It was noticed that hospital infections were more common in females, age group (51-89) years followed by the age group (5 years and less), and the uneducated (illiterate) where the number of hospital infected patients was 47 uneducated (illiterate) patients with 71.2%, while the number of educated patients was 19 patients with 28.8%. Various bacterial species were isolated in this study, including Citrobacter.koseri, E.coli, Staphylococcus schleiferi, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella ozaenae, Klebsiella ornithindytica, Enterobacter aerogenes, Providencia stuartii, Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Prov. rettgeri, Staph. flexneri, Prov.alcalifaciens and K.pneumoniae

This study was designed to evaluate the protective role of beetroot juice against the toxicity of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) in male albino rats.
The study included 20 male albino rats ages ranged between (2-3 months) and weights ranged between (220-260g), which were randomly distributed into 4 groups, the first group that has been promised to control group was given distilled water, the second group was given beetroot juice 10 ml/kg b.w., group third was given at a dose of cadmium chloride 5 mg/kg b.w. for 30 days, which promised an infected control, and the fourth group were treated beetroot juice 10 ml/kg b. w. with cadmium chloride.

The study aims to correlate infection with rubella, cytomegalovirus and abortion at different age groups.
Blood samples were collected through the period between beginning of February to the end of September 2017, one hundred and twenty-seven women exposed to abortion and thirty apparently health controls. Serum samples were tested for IgM and IgG antibodies for rubella and cytomegalovirus.
The results showed that CMV was the most common infection with high level of IgM antibodies (15.7%) and IgG (12.5%), only 0.7% of the cases gave positive results for rubella IgM, and 6.2% had rubella IgG while the control group only 6.6% had CMV IgM, and 3.3% had CMV IgG antibody. All the age groups did not show infection with rubella except age 25-31 years as 2.1% and 8.5% had IgM and IgG respectively. The highest rate of infection with CMV was at age group 25-31 years (21.2%) then age group 18-24 years (13.7%). Most of the patients experienced two abortions were reported at age group 25-31 years, 1.5% and 4.7% of CMV infected patient experienced 3 and 2 respectively while 1.5% of rubella infected patients had only one abortion, 18.1% of the patients with CMV experienced 2 abortions had cut off >1.25. Hundred % of the patients with rubella

Background: Leishmaniasis is a parasitic diseases that are spread worldwide due to various species of Leishmania, which are infect mammales diversity as well as human. L. tropica, L. major, and L. aethiopica which is common causes of cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Salah Adeen and Baghdad provences.
Material and Methods: The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of cutaneous Leishmaniasis and to identify Leishmania parasites by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in some endemic areas of Iraq. A total of 117 samples of patients with suspected cutaneous Leishmaniasis were collected in different age groups. And both sexes 73 male and 44 female patients.
Results: PCR results showed the percentage of infections 62.39% of males while 37.60% of females. The average age was 23.35 years (the range, from 1- 60 years), with the highest percentage of cases in the age group 1-4 years and the lowest rate in the age group (40-60 years). The highest infection was by L.tropica of L.major and lowest infection caused by L.aethiopica, where is considered first revealed in Iraq.
Conclusion: The study found that males were more likely to be infected than females. The study revealed that polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the most effective and sensitive method for detecting types of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

The purpose of the present study is to assay the inhibitory effect of five concentrations 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 % of the aqueous and alcoholic extracts for leaves of the Sidr (Zizyphusspin-csit) and Eucalyptus leaves (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) in vitro, against the three types of the experimental bacteria, which Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium for their clinical importance as common, pathogenic in urinary tract infection by using the well diffusion assay method .The results showed that antimicrobial activity depends on kind of extract and tested microorganism. and the most bioactivity was done by methanol extract than the aqueous extract, the methanolic extract of Sidr leaves presented the inhibitory effectiveness of all the species used in this study ,the highest inhibition was 36 mm at 50%concentration against E. coli and methanolic extract of eucalyptus leaves showed an inhibitory effect on the growth of all bacteria except E. coli, showed resistance to the extract, As for the aquatic extracts, all the bacteria species illustrated resistance to the aquatic extracts of the leaves of the Sidr except Staph .aureus Inhibition rates were recorded at 17 and 15 mm at the concentration (30 and 20%), respectively, and the aquatic extracts of Eucalyptus leaves had no inhibitory effect on the growth of all the species used in this study, except S. typhimurium bacteria and all concentrations used. The result of the qualitative chemical detection of the active compounds found in the extract indicated that it s contains, mainly like flavonids, alkaloids, Tannins

In this study, homocysteine and vitamin B12 levels were measured in patients with hypothyroidism in Salahdin Governorate. The study was conducted at the Tigris Educational Hospital in Tikrit. Blood samples were taken from patients with hypothyroidism (40 cases) with thyroid deficiency and 30 healthy (non-infected) subjects. Their ages ranged between 25-35 years. The study found that there was a significant increase p<0.05 in the homocysteine level compared to the healthy Individuals as control group. The study also showed a significant decrease in the level of vitamin B12 for patients p <0.05 compared to healthy individuals

In this research, an easy, acurate and rapid spectrophotometric method for determination of sulphite and thiamine hydrochloride is described. This method used proton transfer reaction between sulphite ion with alizarine at (pH 6.73) to develop red colour adduct that bears maximum absorption at 524 nm. This method was developed to determination of thiamine hydrochloride by bleaching the red colour (alizarine-sulphite product) at the optimum conditions established for the determination of sulphite. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range (10-1000) μg/25ml (0.4-40) of sulphite and 10-1500, μg/25ml (0.4-60) for thiamine hydrochloride at the selected wavelength, the molar absorbtivity 2.6×104 l.mol-1.cm-1 for SO32- and 3.37×104 l.mol-1.cm-1 for thiamine hydrochloride, Sandell's index for sensitivity 0.00307 μg .cm-2 for sulphite and 0.0100 μg .cm-2 for B1, the precision (RSD) of the method is ±0.23- ± 0.51% sulphite and ±0.15- ±0.25 thiamine hydrochloride. Good recoveries of sulphite and thiamine hydrochloride from water samples and pharmaceutical formation are achieved using the proposed method.

In this study the value of linear (μ_L ) and mass (μ_m ) attenuation coefficients of Aluminum element (Al) were determinated by using x-ray Cu-tube of energies CuKα (8.048) KeV, CuKβ (8.906) KeV, and Mo-tube of energies MoKα (17.480) KeV and MoKβ (19.609) KeV.the voltage between the two electrodes are up to 35 KV.The measured values are compared with other experimental data showing a general agreement within a precision of 0.2% - 0.8%.
The mass attenuation cross-sections were thus derived and compared with other experimental data available on database of x-ray attenuation cross-sections. The agreement is always within ±7%.

Partial dependence of photopeak data of ɣ-ray energies is considering apart of peak channels after subtracting background (including Compton distribution) and obtaining symmetric Gaussian distribution, then considering this part to obtain other total data of peak. This was investigated by using NaI(Tl) detector with Eu-152, Ra-226 and Cs-137 point sources. For the isolated peaks of Eu-152, Gaussian shape is obtained, and the areas between ±σ and ±0.5σ were determined and efficiency is obtained. The calculated transformation to total data of peaks gave excellent agreement with the ordinary case. The overlap between the two peaks at 609.3 (Ra-226) and 661.6 keV (Cs-137) is studied with using σ values from data when sources are separated, and counts in peaks centroids. The data of each peak is "restored" and compared with that when sources are separated and gave a 98% agreement. Also the overlap between the two peaks at 1120 and 1238 keV (Ra-226) is studied with adopting the σ values from the shape calibration curve of Eu-152 and centroid counts in the same way as for the Ra-226 and Cs-137 case. The resultant peaks areas are compared with those obtained from efficiency calibration curve of Eu-152. However results here are of lower agreement.

In this paper,Zinc oxide was dopped by various concentrations (5,10,15,20,25) % wt, silicon oxide The mixture was deposited on glass substrate by laser pulse deposition at room temperature to obtain (Zn2SiO4) thin films .The optical properties of thin films prepared on spectral absorption and transmission recording were studied at the wavelength range (200- 1100) nm. Some of the optical constants, including absorptance, transmission, absorption coefficient, and energy gap are calculated before and after annealing at (400 ̊C) for (1 hr). Absorptance values and absorption coefficient increase after doping and transmission and energy gap decreases after the doping. Absorbance values and absorption coefficient decreases after annealing and transmission and energy gap increase after the annealing .

In this paper we introduced and study two concepts one of is a subclass of a class of weakly primary submodules called WE-primary submodules and the other of a subclass of weakly quasi-prime submodules called WE-quasi-prime submodules. Several properties of WE-primary and WE- quasi - prime submodules have been given, and some characterizations of each type of submodules are introduced moreover behavior of these submodules in some classes of modules are investigated. On the otherhand, the homeorphic and inverse image of these concept under certain conditions are proved

In this paper we concern in studying chaotic homeomorphisms deals with study and investigate of chaotic homeomorphisms on smooth manifolds. For connections more precisely to chaotic diffeomorphisms maps on smooth manifolds.
New relation between diffeomorphism an chaotic, transitive, dense and nowhere dense in smooth manifolds have been found. Product of two diffeomorphisms dense maps on smooth manifold is dense. Product of two chaotic maps on smooth manifold is chaotic

Gray Wolfe Optimization (GWO) is one of the meta-heuristic method and it is a popular technique in Many engineering and economic applications. GWO and Least Square Estimatation (LSE) are used to optimize the antecedents and consequents parameters of interval type-2 ANFIS respectively. We are checking the new learning algorithm by using the interval type-2 ANFIS in prediction of Mackey-Glass time series and the results were very encouraging compared to other algorithms.

Orthogonality is one of an important the concepts in Mathematics , therefor it will be discussed in this paper, the orthogonality of martingale according to Birkhoff ’s, Roberts’s, Singer’s, Carlsson’s sense for orthogonality and the conditions that are needed to have orthogonality.