Al-Nisour Journal for Medical Sciences

Antibacterial activity of aqueous plants extracts (Plantago ovata, Cucurbita
moschata and Rosmarinus officinalis) prepared with different concentrations were
investigated against some bacterial genus isolated from urinary tract infection
(UTI) patients.
Methods: Urine samples were collected from UTI patients and bacterial genus
were identified by biochemical tests. Antibacterial activity of aqueous plants
extracts (Plantago ovata ,Cucurbita moschata and Rosmarinus officinalis ) were
determined by agar diffusion method.
Results: Rosemary watery extract were potentially effective against S.aureus
isolates ( diameter of inhibition zone was 28mm) . Plantago watery extract was the
most active against Proteus spp. and Pseudomonas spp (diameter of inhibition zone
10mm). Cucurbita moschata watery extract exhibited the highest inhibitory effect
on Proteus spp.and E.coli with (8mm,10mm) inhibition zone. We are of the
opinion that aqueous plants extracts (Plantago ovata. Cucurbita moschata and
Rosmarinus officinalis ) could potentially be used for treatment of UTIs especially
to the tested microorganisms

Background: Trace elements are defined as dietary minerals which are present in
minute quantities (˂0.01 %) of the organism mass. They are important for normal
growth, development, maintenance and recovery of the human body health, it is
classified as macro minerals up 60 to 80 percent material of the organism. Those
elements are Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Cl – and S. Those elements are necessary in amounts
of more than 100 mg per day. Whereas the (microminerals) are needed in amounts
of less than 100 mg per day. Zinc is one of the highly significant of trace elements
in the body human is Zinc, its importance is noticed in developing central nervous
system. Zinc deficiency furthers cancer by inhibiting normal vitamin A and DNA
repair and lipid metabolism. Zinc is an plays important roles in cellular metabolism.
Selenium(Se) was as an element of the glutathione peroxidase enzyme which,
combined with vitamin E, superoxide dismutase and catalase, represents a
component of one of the body,
s anti-oxidant defense systems. This study aimed to
identify the study of trace elements (Zinc and Selenium) among lraqi patients with
liver cancer.
Subject and Methods: This is a cross section study was conducted at three main
medicals.
facilities in Baghdad: The Main Training Center for Tumors/Oncology Teaching
Hospital, Poisoning Consultation Center and Ministry of Science & Technology during the period from November/2019 to February/2020 to identify the estimation
of the serum levels of zinc and selenium, the information regarding the study was
obtained according to questioner (gender, age, liver disease, drug uses, and alcohol
were recorded( .
Results: Both groups were matching. All patients with primary liver cancer and
metastasis. Serum levels of zinc (72.24±7.50 mg/dl vs 70.89±7.27, p ˂ 0.01) and
selenium (52.65± 14.27 mg/dl vs 49.11±13.37, p ˂ 0.01) were significantly lower
among patients with HCC compared to normal subject.
Conclusions: Lower serum levels of zinc and selenium can be associated with a
higher risk of liver cancer development.

The elements are generally characterized by various cross-sections for
interaction with particles and the effect of this reaction shows the number of
elements with large cross-sections for interaction with neutrons in particular,
so this effect must be studied on the materials that make up the core of the
nuclear reactor, especially the elements with large cross-sections.
Theoretical studies The characteristics of Europium oxide (Eu2O3) have
been widely researched. Europium-153 makes up 52 percent of natural
europium, with europium-151 accounting for the other 48 percent. Because
of its ability to absorb neutrons, europium is primarily used in nuclear reactor
control rods. Other usage have been limited due to its scarcity and high cost.
This research included mainly to study the activity of Europium oxide for
different Thickness of Radius in radial and axial distribution. Calculations of
self-shielding coefficients and its effects clarify that this material wildly uses
in a nuclear reactor as control rod elements, in particular the compound with
large absorption cross-sections of the neutron. It is critical that it is
compatible with its cladding alloy.

Total of 34 of Enterococcus include 15(44%) of Enterococcus faecium and 19
(56%) of Enterococcus faecalis, samples have been isolated during 2016-2017
from patients hospitalized in the National Institute for cardiovascular disease the
samples have been taken from different clinical sources (Urine sample, Blood,
Wound, Tracheal secretions and stool culture) the highest rate of isolates 15 (44%)
from urine and least from stool and wound was 2(6%) meanwhile 7(12%) from
tracheal secretion and 4(12%)from blood. The phenotypic analysis revealed the
4(12.5%) of the Enterococcus sp. This study aimed to compare the rate of infection
with Enterococcus sp. between the hospitalized patient and detecting the
Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium by PCR (Polymerase chain
reaction) amplification. Strains were vancomycin –resistant, 25% showed
resistance to ampicillin, 12.5% to tetracycline, 91.7% to erythromycin, 87.5% to
ciprofloxacin and 54.2% to rifampicin. The genotypic support of vancomycin
resistance was represented by the vanA gene present in 20.6% of the E. faecium
strains and 14.7% of E. faecalis.

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a human opportunistic Gram-negative
pathogen, is one of the most important nosocomial pathogens and is a major health
problem, primarily in immunocompromised individuals.
Aims: To detect exoU and toxA genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates with
PCR techniques and study their sequencing. Materials and Methods: 210 swabs
were collected from patients suffering burns and wound infections in both genders,
for the period from November 2019 to the end of February 2020.
Results: After final diagnosis of samples, 50(23.80%) isolates of P. aeruginosa
were obtained. The PCR was carried out for all bacterial isolates, using specialized
primers, to detect these two genes (toxA and exoU). The results showed that the
twenty P. aeruginosa isolates have the toxA gene in a percentage 40% from all
isolates. The results also showed that the same 20 P. aeruginosa isolates have the
gene exoU in a percentage 40% from all isolates. The toxA and exoU genes were
amplified by PCR method; the sequencing result of exoU gene showd that P.
aeruginosa having Two Transition G>A code GGC\AAC of amino acid Glycine >
Asparagine and Predicted effect Missense, also one Transversion T >A code GAA>CAA amino acid change Leucine to Histidine the effect Missense. From the
Gene Bank, found that part of exoU gene having 99% compatibility with subject of
exoU gene. While the analysis of the exoU gene was coordinated by 99% having
two Transition of G>A, and C>T code GGC>GAT and amino acid transformation
Glycine\ Aspartic acid the effect Missense. The of sequencing for toxA gene shows
Compatibility of 100% in Gene Bank of toxA gene, so no recorded change noticed.
Conclusion: The P. aeruginosa which isolated from wounds and burns possessed
virulence genes, toxA and exoU genes. The exoU and toxA genes having Transition,
amino acid alteration and amino acid transformation.

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus was defined as an autoimmune
chronic systemic rheumatic disease. Pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus
(pSLE) is a rare condition, representing approximately 10% of SLE cases.
Aims: Interleukins play an important role in the susceptibility to the disease. So,
this study focused on some Interleukins and Complements to identify pSLE.
Material and Methods: this study was carried out in Baghdad teaching Hospital,
Welfare Teaching Hospital Children and Teaching Laboratories in Medical City
and included thirty Iraqi patients diagnosed as pSLE and thirty healthy control. The
patients group divided into two subgroups according to the SLEDAI (description
of the diseases activity) the first group included 19 patients which had SLEDAI
value lower than 11 patients and considered as mild group while the second group
included 11 patients which had SLEDAI value higher than 19 patients and this
group considered as severe group. All the hematological and immunological
(dsDNA antibodies, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12, and INF-Ɣ were measured in sera samples by ELISA) parameters were conducted for both patients and control samples.
Biochemical parameters (urea, uric acid, and creatinine) were also measured.
Results: The results showed alopecia is the most apparent clinical feature among
the SLE patients, and for hematological parameters showed the hemoglobin is
lower in patients while the erythrocyte sedimentation rate are higher in patients.
For the immunological tests the level of dsDNA is higher in patients than the
control, the complements (C3 and C4) levels are lower in patients. IL-9, IL-10, IL12, and INF- Ɣ) level showed higher level in patients.
Conclusion: The assessment of disease activity on Iraqi pSLE patients showed
increment of all studied parameters accompanied with increased severity of the
disease except (IL-12, C3, uric acid, urea

Nosocomial infections with MRSA (Multidrug resistance Staphylococcus aureus)
is a significant problem during medical care for hospitalized patients. Biofilm
formation made this problem worse due to increase time for cure and costs for
treatment. This study focused light on MRSA isolates and aimed to determine the
best method used for biofilm formation detection methods. In this study clinical
isolates included MRSA isolated from Post-operation infections (hernia and
caesarean section), Skin trauma infected wounds, Burns infections and Urinary
tract infections (UTI). Results showed that the isolates obtained from UTI and
Burns infections were more aggressive in that most of them were able to form
biofilm. Also, using the two methods for biofilm formation detection; visible
evaluation and spectrophotometer optical density estimation, is the best way for
obtaining an accurate results to be depended in MRSA biofilm formation ability.