Linguistic Papers

Computational linguistics is a modern branch of linguistics concerned with computer processing of natural languages, as the computer visualizes a human mind that simulates the human mind in understanding the language in theory and application.
This research, titled: (The computer description of the present tense verb), seeks to demonstrate the ability of the computer to understand Arabic grammar, especially the verb from it, in the light of this theory, and the extent to which the programs are able to explain the verb, its characteristics, and its syntaxes. The inputs on which the outputs are presented on the basis of the possibilities that can be received, and the indication of deficiencies in order to solve the various problems.

The linear characteristic of language is of great importance and has been emphasized by linguists, ancient and modern, as it is defined within a sequential, continuous logical system in a cognitive system through a comprehensive cognitive system with a balanced and continuous line of rulings.
The specificity of (the linearity of language) is greatly evident in Saussure’s references, as he pointed out the auditory nature of the signifier and that it is contained within a certain range measured according to one dimension, which is the linear dimension. This is because the elements of the language follow one another in a linear context and form a verbal chain. Structural linguistics is characterized by its linear characteristic, which deals with human speech. In this research, we decided to focus on this characteristic and study it in the light of structural linguistics only. Because it is the cornerstone on which the rest of the linguistic curricula were built, in addition to the fact that all ideas after Saussure had the best luck from his insights, the fertility of his ideas, the pioneering of his perceptions, and his decisive role in establishing a new scientific linguistics.

The verses regarding Imamate represent an important aspect within the blessed verses of Surah Al-Ma'idah, maintaining a significant presence in guiding the discourse. These verses, beyond their thematic integration, elucidate their rulings. This necessitates the community's adherence to their details, which have been subject to diverse interpretations and understandings among Muslims due to varied narratives and perspectives based on different chains of transmission and narrators. The significance of this subject justifies the differences among the early generations regarding it, especially since many people overlooked its importance, leading them to diverge from the statements and interpretations of the infallibles (peace be upon them) on the matter.
Deliberating on the subject of Imamate and discussing its Quranic texts isn't an innovation; it spans through ages. There were various readings influenced by emotional bias and narrow inclinations that hindered scholarly research, constraining inquiry and controlling its outcomes. Therefore, this research aims to delve into the discursive dimensions, considering the contexts of the discourse, and examine the subject according to what has been attributed to its rightful bearers among the infallibles (peace be upon them), as they were the most knowledgeable about directing the Quranic discourse revealed in their territories, being its people and guardians.

The aim of the current study was to identify the relationship between recitation modes (Lengthening: Al-Madd pl. Al-Modood) and the psychological state of the speaker in Surah Taha and the story of Prophet Moses (peace be upon him) as a model. The study used the inductive-analytical approach, which tracks the particles in something to reach a comprehensive understanding, to reach a basis, generalization, or judgment. It examined Qur’anic texts, analyzed them, and extracted the psychological dimensions discussed in them. The study results showed that the speaker's state in the natural Lengthening (Al-Madd) reflects feelings of tranquility, reassurance, comfort, and confidence, all of which are positive emotions, while the speaker's state in the subsidiary Lengthening reflects feelings of fear, anger, possessiveness, and sadness, all of which are negative emotions. The development in the psychological state becomes clear, especially after the response of our God to the prayer of Prophet Moses. The researchers recommend conducting further research on understanding the relationship between recitation modes and the psychological state of the speaker in the other Holy Qur’anic chapters and stories.

The joggle documents the knowledge of the ancient Arabs about the first linguistic origins that the Arabic language shared with its counterparts from the Semitic languages. The research proved the similarity of the linguistic origins that Ibn Jinni presented in his book Al-Muhtasib in Explaining the Faces of Anomalies in Readings with the linguistic origins that came in the ancient languages that were transmitted to us by the historical documents of these Languages; Therefore, Al-Muhtasib’s book can be considered one of the solid rakizas upon which researchers rely in modern linguistic studies, in addition to its role in proving the primacy of the Arabic language over the Semitic languages

Linguists have been interested in grammatical differences since ancient times, and the most important of these differences are the differences in derivatives: the active participle, the active participle, and the modal adjective. They have occupied a large area in the science of grammar, where the participle name, which indicates the event and occurrence, the active participle, and what indicates the person to whom the verb occurred, and the methods of formulating each, have been clarified. who are they . The active participle denotes the adverb and the reception, and the similar adjective denotes the adverbial meaning only. Also, one of the most important differences between them is in precedence and delay, and in action in the cause, and so on.

The research is titled (The grammatical employment of the morphological participant in the Qur’anic expression (Rasul) as an example, The morphological structure has a clear role in directing the grammatical meanings, The phenomenon of morphological coexistence led to a multiplicity of grammatical faces that’s why The books of interpretation throughout the ages included many probabilistic interpretations , And the linguistic directives for the vocabulary of the Holy Qur’an and his phrases and verses , which led that some of them approved one aspect, and some of them approved another , In some cases some of them combined both aspects. And for the many examples of the morphological common between the words of the Holy Qur’an , I saw that the search should be limited to one Quranic term, which is (the Messenger(Rasul)). In the Holy Qur’an (Al-Imran: 48-49) the Almighty ’s saying: {And to teach him the Book and wisdom and the Torah and the Gospel * and a messenger(Rasul) to the Children of Israel that I have come to you with a sign from your Lord I will make for you a bird from clay, breathe into it, and it will become a ˹real˺ bird—by Allah’s Will. I will heal the blind and the leper and raise the dead to life—by Allah’s Will. And I will prophesize what you eat and store in your houses. Surely in this is a sign for you if you ˹truly˺ believe. As in the verses above this word took place in two morphological possibilities, it resulted in a different syntax, The first possibility is that the word “messenger” denotes the infinitive in the sense of “the message.” It expresses either an object or an infinitive in an adverb. The second possibility Is that the word (messenger) denotes the adjective in the sense of (the dispatcher of the message), which is the leading possibility of morphological opinions in this word.

The rhythmic formation of the Abbasid poets made an effective contribution in revealing its impact on building the Abbasid poetic image. The impact of the art of music associated with it on her; That is, it reveals the methods of poetic construction that rely on vocabulary governed by poetic meter that has its own rhythms and rhyme that has aesthetic authority over the poetic scenes that make up the text. The renewed Abbasid poet achieved poeticism in his image, and gave it a special aesthetic through his attention to the multiple levels of his artistic formations at the levels of composition, image, rhythm, and connotation, which were built on problematization, exquisite difference, and departure from the familiar linguistically. Constants and breakthroughs rhythmically. Therefore, this study - in its precise description - is considered a study of poetic plastic methods, their topics, sources and mechanisms according to some Abbasid poets, rather than a study of Abbasid poetry. Therefore, this research attempt is not considered a review of all aspects of their artistic creativity, as this is not the desired goal. Therefore, this research attempt is not considered a review of all aspects of their artistic creativity, as this is not the desired goal, but the goal is to reveal their rhythmic formation, its methods, features, and Its aesthetics. Thus, we can achieve the goal of the research we seek, and clarify the vision from which we proceed. Through it, he tried to read the Abbasid poetic texts in a new way, with which the recipient interacts when he feels the aesthetics of their rhythmic formations, which later allows us to develop our vision of ancient Arabic poetry, and read it in a better and deeper way.

Die Welle neuer Studien zu Kitab Al-Aghani von Abu Al-Faraj Al-Isfahani ist eine der Motivationen, die mich dazu veranlasst haben, dieses hervorragendes arabisch- literarisches Werk zu versuchen, seinen Einfluss auf Buch der Lieder des deutschen Dichters Heinrich Heine, der zu Recht als Vertreter der deutschen Poesie, besonders der deutschen Romantik, bezeichnet wird, zu finden erklären. Aus der Recherchierung ergab sich, dass es in der Geschichte der Weltliteratur vier Bücher der Lieder gab, die einander direkt der indirekt einander beeinflusst haben. Diese Wirkung bezieht sich vor allem auf den Titel und die Form des Buches, sowie auf deren Inhalte.
Der Siegeszug des Einflusses begann mit dem chinesischen Liederbuch „Shijing“ über das arabische كتاب الأغاني (Buch der Lieder) von Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani und das Buch des großen italienischen Dichters Petrarca mit dem Titel „Canzoniere“ und das letyte ist Das Buch der Lieder des deutschen Dichters Heinrich Heine, das den Schwerpunkt unserer Forschung bildet. Der Fokus liegt auf dem Ausmaß des Einflusses des كتاب الأغاني von Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani. auf ihn.