Linguistic Papers

The Conversational Implicature is one of the most important concepts on which pragmatics is based on.
It is a concept that is closely related to the language of discourse, in which linguistic research has taken a distinct approach. The research is no longer concerned with the development of general theories of the discourse process, but rather on the process itself and the most important dimensions in this theory are :
-The meaning of the sentence uttered by the speaker in his relationship with a listener .
- The context of the sentence .
- The principle governing the dialogue is (the principle of cooperation) .
- This research has been used to apply the theory of conversational implicature on the debates of Imam Sadiq A S (148 A H ) .

Attraction is an important element of the novel and its ultimate goal. Writers must use all their faculties to achieve this, including the elements of time and appearance. These two elements are prominently manifested in the significance of theories by French scholars such as Gérard Genette.
This article employs Gérard Genette\'s methodology in analyzing content – sequence, continuity, and repetition – in the analysis of the short story \"The Horizon Beyond the Gate\" by Palestinian fighter Ghassan Kanafani، It addresses the importance of time, its effects, and its various types, employing research and insight into its writing, illustrating the investigation and analysis of how the narrative is arranged and transformed within a linear sequence.
Narrative writing begins with a play on time, introducing emotions and feelings, utilizing open structures, spatial continuity, negative acceleration when comparing to unexpected events, positive acceleration in relation to repeated parts, and narrative boredom, which can bring the reader closer to or distance them from the story، It evokes and focuses the reader\'s feelings and emotions in the narrative, creating suspense through repetition and expressing conflict.
The psychological nature of the characters, their alienation, ambiguity, and complexity in the story are explored through the narration of the characters\' psychological nature and alienation، By introducing mystery and complexity into the narrative, the reader becomes hysterical and virtual, eager to know what will happen next in the story، The narrative also exploits the reader\'s feelings and emotions, making them sensitive to the fates of the characters, turning them into desirable heroes, which enhances the complexity of the story and makes it more appealing to the reader.

Some linguistic units appear in legal texts accompanying other words, which is known in the terminology of linguists as (linguistic association), which is the association of a word in a language with certain other words. This is done through several forms, including: (conjunction), such as: (conjunction). Fine, embezzlement and forgery, laws and regulations, plaintiff and defendant) and other sympathetic syndromes.
This phenomenon is of great importance in legal language because of the role it plays in determining the phrases used by the legislator, which contributes to clarifying the underlying intention behind linguistic phrases that are compounded in conjunction.
This phenomenon also contributes significantly to achieving linguistic cohesion in legal texts, and following this semantic phenomenon in legal texts will enable us to determine the structure of words and their distribution within these texts

The epitaph of Abu Dhu\'ayb al-Hudhali and its meanings give the recipient an opportunity to reveal some morphological connotations scattered among its artistic structure. My research came with two sections and the results highlighted on some of them، the first section: talks about the significance of the abstract act and more in the epitaph of Abu Dhu\'ib al-Hudhali، and the significance of each section and the strength added to the overall meaning of the poem، the second section: talked about the source and its forms and what was derived from it and the significance of the use of each of them، then concluded the research with several results، the most important of which is explaining that what I did not mention is measured on what I reported، explaining that what I chose from the verses was not arbitrary، but I chose each house It indicates the noble morals، strength or fathers of the poet in particular and the Arab man in general.

This study explores the significance of \"forty\" in Quranic verses and Prophetic hadith within various contexts. The research is divided into two sections: the first section examines the meaning of \"forty\" as a singular entity, addressing its temporal and numerical connotations. The second section explores the meaning of \"forty\" as a compound number, also analyzing its temporal and numerical implications. The key findings are as follows:
* The number \"forty\" is a multiple of \"four\" and is classified among the terms of decades. It appears in singular and compound forms, with the compound form relying on conjunction due to the inability to construct it with open-ended parts, as with numbers from (13-19).
* The number \"forty\" is used in the Quran to denote time and duration in various contexts, reflecting different purposes for its usage. It signifies the extension of time, the eradication of obstinate disbelievers, or its relevance to the life cycle and the synchronization of generations in creation. This usage underscores God\'s boundless power and the necessity of offering gratitude for His blessings and grace.
* The number \"forty\" appears as a singular number in the Prophetic tradition (Sunnah), signifying an absolute count, with its usage serving multiple purposes. It is used to indicate the duration of standing for prayer in obligatory acts, to reflect the gradual imposition of religious duties during the night of Isra and Mi\'raj, or to emphasize abundance in a hyperbolic sense, as mentioned in the context of the Battle of Khaybar.
* The number \"forty\" also appears in a compound form in numerous Prophetic hadiths, signifying time and duration. Its purposes in this context are varied, including marking the time of prophet hood and the assignment of religious duties, indicating the age of intellectual maturity and full comprehension in humans, or symbolizing the stages of creation. Furthermore, it is associated with the waiting period for a woman, which is estimated at two menstrual cycles according to some scholarly opinions.

This research seeks to reconsider the merits of metonymy and the perception of it that has settled in the minds of researchers, according to what crystallized among the ancients, that the structure of metonymy is based on a truth, of which I mean metaphor. For them, it mediates between truth and metaphor, so it is not like this. And not to that. This perception, according to systematic extrapolation, is an inaccurate perception. This is if we take into account (the intention) and (the speaker’s will) when using the metonymy. The research found that reaching an understanding of the meaning of the metonymy has a close relationship with the issue of immanence, from which the research began, to uncover the meaning of immanence and its elements, and then consider what was approved. That metonymy is a transition from intransitive to intransitive, and that metaphor is a transition from intransitive to intransitive. It has become clear that this report is not absolute in all metonymic expressions, nor in all metaphorical expressions. One of the outcomes of this new reading was to identify the inaccuracy of the metonymic meaning in Some examples they made as standards for metonymy. The phrase (has a long baldric), as a metaphor for length, was taken as an example of inaccuracy in understanding the meaning of some expressions. The research also indicated that the transition in metonymy occurs on both sides of the speaker and the hearer, and is not fixed. The transition on the part of the speaker is different from the transition on the part of the hearer.

This research dealt with the language of love in the ghazals of the poets of the Umayyad princes in Andalusia, in a study of its contents and stylistic characteristics in two sections: the first dealt with the contents of ghazal poetry, and how the poets dealt with the topic of love in their ghazals, and the status of women, and the second section dealt with the stylistic characteristics of their ghazals by studying the rhythm represented by (Repetition, repetition, exportation, and counterpoint), studying the image and its characteristics, and studying the method of presentation and delay.