Al-Kufa University Journal for Biology

In this search ,the antimicrobial activity of vinegar of date, apple, grape and
garlic were evaluted against gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus.aureus)
and gram negative bactria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) comparing with
amoxyline .The results indicated that the vinegar of four plants had greatest
antimzxicrobial activity comparing with amoxyline as antibiotic

Purpose: To examine the dissemination of blaTEM and blaSHV genes in Escherichia
coli isolate from patients with significant bacteriuria.
Methods: During the study period, antibiotic susceptibility patterns were studied in a
total of 38 isolates of E. coli. The isolates also examined to determining the presence
of blaTEM and blaSHV genes by PCR assay. Conjugation experiments were performed
by using rifampicin resistance E. coli MM294 as the recipient.
Results: All isolates were resistance to at least five of the antibiotics tested (multidrug
resistance, MDR) and sensitive to imipenem. PCR assay revealed that 57.1% and
14.3% of the isolates carried blaTEM and blaSHV genes, respectively, additionally 9.5%
of the isolates harbored both genes. Conjugation experiments and PCR trials
confirmed that the blaTEM positive E. coli isolates tested were able to transfer this
gene in transconjugants.
Conclusions: There was a high occurrence of MDR isolates in patients with
significant bacteriuria and theblaTEM gene was common among isolates.

Background: In countries where the rate of susceptible women to rubella infection is
higher than 10%, preconception or prenatal screening is important to reduce the
burden of the disease.
Objectives: Determination of anti-rubella IgG seropositivity and susceptibility rates
among pregnant and childbearing women in Alhela/ Babylon province.
Subjects and methods: A total of 184 women were enrolled in the present study
which was conducted in al-Hella/Babylon province during the period from 1st
May/2010 to 15th September/ 2011. Ninety eight pregnant women were chosen from
those attending the primary health care centers in Al-Hela. They include 46 (46.9%)
who had previous abortions with a mean age 27.2 ± 5.3 years, and 52 (53.1%) without
previous abortion with mean age 23.7±5.1 years. Additionally, 86 non-pregnant
childbearing women were enrolled as a control group. Of those, 39 (45.3%) had
previous abortion with mean age 33.5 ± 7.8 years. Certain demographic factors were
collected by personal interview. Anti-rubella IgG specific antibody were detected by
enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were statistically analyzed using
SPSS version 13 computer assisted program. P value of < 0.05 was considered
significant.
Results: The results revealed that the IgG seropositivity among pregnant women
without previous abortion, and those with previous abortion was 96.1% and 76%
respectively, with a statistically significant difference (P= 0.04). The seropositivity
among non-pregnant women without previous abortion, and those with previous
abortion was 85.1% and 100% respectively, with statistically insignificant difference
(P=0.11). The overall susceptibility rate for rubella infection was 10.7%. There was
insignificant effect of age, educational levels, residency, presence of pregnancy, and
history of previous abortion on the seropositivity rate of IgG specific anti-rubella
antibody.
Conclusion: Evaluation of the susceptibility of women in reproductive age to rubella
infection is essential to set a strategy for prevention of congenital rubella syndrome.

This study has been included 422 patients (202 male and 220 female), of which
282 stool samples and 140 urine samples were collected from children under six years
of ages and 200 hospital environmental samples as well as 50 apparent healthy as
control. Samples collected from three hospitals in Al-Najaf city (Al-Sadr Teaching,
Al-Hakeem, and Al-Zahra Maternity and Children) during a period extended from
July to October 2010. Only 11 isolates of (Citrobacter freundii) with percent 2.60%
were isolated from all clinical samples, 8 isolates isolated from stool samples with
percent 2.83% and 3 from urine samples with percent 2.14%, whereas no bacteria
isolated from both control and hospital environmental samples. The Suckling Mice
Assay (SMA) was applied to the 11 isolates of C. freundii, only 2 gave positive
results. While Rabbit ligated ileal loop assay RIL, only 4 of the bacterial isolates gave
a positive results.

Adult beetles, Tribolium confusum, were exposed to gravid proglottides of worms,
Hymenolepis nana obtained from an already infected mice. Fourteen days after initial
infection the beetles were infected as before. Four days later they were dissected
before the cysticercoids of the second infection were fully developed. The results
revealed that the beetles can be infected more than once, and cysticercoids can live
through the life of the beetles, there is no effective host resistance associated with a
number of infections, nor is there effective interference with cysticercoids
development.