Al-Salam Journal for Medical Science

Aim: this study was aimed to find out the pharmacokinetic of caffeine (the active compound in coffee) to determine the elimination half-life, area under the curve and other pharmacokinetic parameters for caffeine after excretion in saliva. Materials and Methods: data were collected from twenty orthodontic patients wearing fixed appliance treated in AL Noor center for at least 2 months. Each patient took one cup of coffee (100 ml), then salivary sample was collected at 0, 10, 20, 30, 45 min, 1, 2 and 3 hr. then the concentration of caffeine was detected in every sample. Results: The pharmacokinetic results for caffeine were, elimination rate constant was (0.69hr-1) by NCOMP and (0.69013hr-1) by equation, elimination half-life (1.00hr) and (1.0041hr), volume of distribution (18.17L\\\\kg) and (17.5265L\\\\kg), rate of clearness (10.32 L-1\\\\hr\\\\kg) and (12.0957 L-1\\\\hr\\\\kg), maximum concentration was (15.52 mg) and (15.521 mg). Conclusion: Caffeine pharmacokinetic study shows that caffeine excretes in saliva and has short half-life equal to one hr.

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a resilient microbe distinguished by its immobile, Gram-positive spherical cells that aggregate in clusters resembling grape clusters. Biochemical examinations reveal a faintly positive outcome in the nitrate reductase test for this microbe. It generates urease while lacking oxidase production. S. epidermidis possesses a transferrin-binding protein that facilitates the acquisition of iron from transferrin. The formation of biofilms on plastic devices plays a pivotal role in the pathogenicity of S. epidermidis and its connection to acne. This adaptable bacterium is frequently encountered as a nosocomial and commensal pathogen, recognized for its opportunistic behavior and its global impact on infections, primarily contracted within healthcare facilities. It displays a remarkable ability to establish strong biofilms on various surfaces, contributing to infections linked to catheters and heart valve implants. The transmission of the bacterium is easily facilitated through the contamination of the skin of hospital visitors and healthcare personnel.

This abstract provides a review highlighting the significant role of medicinal plants in the treatment of various diseases globally. To explore this, a questionnaire was conducted in Baghdad to inquire whether individuals resorted to using medicinal plants when experiencing illness. The objective was to gain insights into the efficacy of medicinal plants when used as a form of treatment. Findings from studies conducted worldwide consistently indicate that medicinal plants are widely utilized due to their positive outcomes and cost-effectiveness compared to chemical drugs. Furthermore, ongoing research on the effects of medicinal plants has resulted in the development of novel therapies for numerous chronic ailments, including Parkinson’s disease, diabetes, hypertension, peptic ulcers, IBS syndrome, and other acute and chronic conditions.

Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a significant issue that affects gastrointestinal health on a global scale. It has been related to several severe side effects, including gastritis, peptic ulcers, and stomach cancer. Identifying reliable biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of H. pylori infections is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Our study aimed to analyze laboratory variables as potential biomarkers for detecting and evaluating H. pylori infections. To achieve this, we conducted retrospective research using information from 500 patients with and without H—pylori infection. C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), vitamin D3 levels, alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) were among the laboratory variables we gathered and examined. Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were used in our study. The findings of our study imply that CRP and IL-6 levels show potential as markers of the inflammatory response brought on by H. pylori infection. Additionally, we found that vitamin D3 deficiency may influence how infected patients\' immune systems react to this virus. However, none of the characteristics under research or the TNF-alpha levels we found were significantly correlated with H. pylori infection. The conclusions drawn from our study offer important information on potential biomarkers for identifying and keeping track of H. pylori infections. We can ultimately improve patient outcomes and lessen the burden of sickness this virus brings by enhancing the detection and evaluation of H. pylori infections. More research is required to confirm.

Background : People with compromised immune systems are more likely to get infected with the opportunistic parasite Toxoplasma gondii than healthy individuals. Diabetes and toxoplasmosis are two conditions that are rather prevalent in Iraq.
Objective : human insulin was the major objective of this study, along with determining the frequency of anti- T. gondii IgG antibodies in pregnant and abortion. In addition to this, establish a connection of (RBS) and (HbA1c).
Methods : The investigation was in Al-Qadisiyah. The term for collecting was from the November 2022 to the end of February 2023. where specimens were collected from the Maternity and Children\'s Teaching Hospital, 350 serum samples that were collected from pregnant, and abortion women. The healthy samples that served as a control group50 samples,. Both the ELISA technique and the Toxo Rapid Diagnostic Test (Cassette) were used to analyze the samples in order to determine the levels of human insulin present in pregnant and abortion women. Also measures (HbA1c) and (RBS).
Results : the Results According Cassette the 350 samples, only 130 (43.3%) positive, whereas 170 (56.7%) negative. Using ELISA, anti-T. gondii IgG was present in 90 (69.2%) of the women from 170 positive cassette. ELISA was also used to assess of human insulin that was present in order to get a better understanding of the role that toxoplasmosis plays in the development of diabetes. Patients with diabetes had considerably higher levels of human insulin (22.83 ± 13.91) when compared to patients with toxoplasmosis alone and healthy controls
Conclusion : T. gondii is more prevalent among pregnant women and abortions. Diabetes and toxoplasmosis have been shown to have a close connection, according to research. Our hypothesis is that toxoplasmosis provides the way for diabetes, and diabetes paves the way for toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasmosis is more likely to develop in people with diabetes since the disease lowers the immune response.