Al-Nisour Journal for Medical Sciences

Obesity causes diabetes to worsen faster. Here’s what happens: Managing the level of glucose in your blood is the job
of the pancreas. One hundred and ninety diabetic samples were collected from patients attended Alkaleeg Clinical Lab.
In Wasit, from period 1st March 2023 to 1st November 2023. According the results, the mean and SD of age for patients
and control groups were (43.86 ± 14.67) and (43.16 ± 13.77), respectively, with a non-signicant difference (p > 0.05).
In relation to gender, this table showed that the patient group and the control group were equal regarding the male:
female ratio, with non-signicant differences (p > 0.05). The results of smoking status showed that the majority of
patients in group 112 (93.3%) were non-smokers, while 100% of the control group were non-smokers, with non-signicant
differences (p > 0.05). The non-signicant differences in age and gender between the patient and control groups may be
due to the study’s recruitment strategy, which aimed to recruit participants of similar ages and genders in both groups to
reduce the confounding factors that may in uence the study’s results. This nding is consistent with previous research
studies that have emphasized the importance of controlling for demographic factors, such as age and gender, in clinical
studies, the mean and (SD) of FBS for patients and control groups were (228.04 ± 110.77) and (100.52 ± 9.44), respectively,
with highly signicant differences (p < 0.001). while the mean and (SD) of HbA1c for patients and control groups were
(9.07 ± 2.53) and (4.96 ± 0.54), respectively, with highly signicant differences (p < 0.001).
Results in the same table also showed that the mean and (SD) of urea for patients and control groups were (27.48 ± 7.01)
and (25.54 ± 5.67) respectively, with signicant differences between them (P < 0.05). The mean and SD of creatinine for
patients and controls was shown to be (0.75 ± 0.17) and (0.66 ± 0.15) respectively, with signicant differences between the
patients and controls (P < 0.05). In relation to cholesterol, table (4-3) revealed that the mean and (SD) of cholesterol for
patients and control groups were (169.22 ± 29.04) and (173.28 ± 21.17) respectively, but with non-signicant differences
between them (P > 0.05), while the mean and SD of triglyceride for patients and controls was (131.30 ± 57.96) and
(92.37 ± 26.09) respectively, with highly signicant differences between them (P < 0.01). The same table showed that the
mean (SD) of HDL for patients and control groups were (39.28 ± 6.006) and (45.22 ± 8.59), respectively, with highly
signicant differences (P < 0.01). The mean and (SD) of LDL for patients and control groups were (104.20 ± 27.86)
and (109.59 ± 17.06), respectively, with signicant differences between them (p < 0.05). The mean and SD of VLDL
for patients and controls was (26.28 ± 11.56) and (18.47 ± 5.21), respectively, with highly signicant differences between
them (P < 0.01). The mean and SD of FBS for patients and controls was (228.04 ± 110.77) and (100.52 ± 9.44), respectively,
with highly signicant differences (P < 0.01). While the mean and (SD) of HbA1c for patients and control groups were
(9.07 ± 2.53) and (4.96 ± 0.54), respectively, with highly signicant differences (P < 0.01). Also the mean and (SD) of
urea for patients and control groups were (27.48 ± 7.01) and (25.54 ± 5.67) respectively, with signicant differences
between the groups (P < 0.05). The mean and SD of creatinine for patients and controls was shown to be (0.75 ± 0.17) and
(0.66 ± 0.15) respectively, with signicant differences between both groups (P < 0.05). In relation to cholesterol, table (4-3)
revealed that the mean and (SD) of cholesterol for patients and control groups were (169.22 ± 29.04) and (173.28 ± 21.17)
respectively, but with non-signicant differences between them (P > 0.05), while the mean and SD of triglyceride for
patients and controls was (131.30 ± 57.96) and (92.37 ± 26.09) respectively, with highly signicant differences between
them (P < 0.01). The same table showed that the mean (SD) of HDL for patients and control groups were (39.28 ± 6.006)
and (45.22 ± 8.59), respectively, with highly signicant differences (P < 0.01). The mean and (SD) of LDL for patients
and control groups were (104.20 ± 27.86) and (109.59 ± 17.06), respectively, with signicant differences between them (P < 0.05). The mean and SD of VLDL for patients and controls was (26.28 ± 11.56) and (18.47 ± 5.21), respectively,
with highly signicant differences between them (P < 0.01). The correlation coefcients between C-peptide and FBS
in both the patient and control groups are very small, indicating a weak or no relationship between these variables.
In the patient group, the correlation coefcient is slightly negative, while in the control group, it is positive but small,
with a non-signicant correlation between the two groups. There are several possible reasons why there may not be a
signicant relationship between C-peptide and FBS in this study. The correlation coefcients between C-peptide and
HbA1c in both the patient and control groups are small, indicating a weak or no relationship between these variables.
In the patient group, the correlation coefcient is slightly negative, while in the control group, it is also negative but
smaller. However, only the correlation coefcient in the patient group is statistically signicant (p = 0.041).

Psoriatic Joint pain (public service announcement) is a multifactorial immune system condition described by joint
irritation and psoriasis. The intricacy of its administration comes from individual changeability because of treatment
and the emotional idea of agony. This study meant to look at the connections between orientation, sickness length,
drug routine, and different clinical boundaries in public service announcement patients. Techniques: A cross-sectional
examination was directed including Iraqi patients determined to have public service announcement. Information were
gathered on orientation, sickness term, biochemical markers (ESR, HB, AST, ALT, Urea), Doctor’s Visual Simple Scale
(PHYS.VAS), Patient’s Visual Simple Scale (PAT.VAS), Delicate Joint Count (Tend.Jt.), and Enlarged Joint Count (Sw.Jt.).
Relationship coefcients and p-values were determined to survey the strength of the relationship between these boundaries. Results: The review uncovered no huge relationship among orientation and illness term or between drug regimens
and PAT.VAS scores, demonstrating the free movement of sickness paying little heed to orientation and a distinction
between therapy type and patient-detailed torment levels. Notably, there was a very strong positive correlation between
HB and AST (r = 0.739; p < .001), suggesting a link between liver function and anemia in PsA. A moderate positive
correlation between PHYS.VAS and PAT.VAS (r = 0.567; p = 0.001) was observed, aligning physician’s disease severity
assessments with patient-reported pain. Moreover, Tend.Jt. and Sw.Jt. were found to be signicantly correlated (r = 0.479;
p = 0.008), conrming the clinical relationship between joint tenderness and swelling

Ascorbic acid commonly referred to as vitamin C, a naturally occurring antioxidant, can lessen the negative effects of
ionizing radiation. With regard to medical imaging, contrast agents are frequently employed to improve the visibility
of particular body structures throughout X-ray examinations. The purpose of the presented work is using cyclic voltammetric analysis to assess the impact of utilizing contrast medium (iodine solution), both without and with ascorbic
acid (AA), on patient blood samples exposed to different X-rays. In this study, we investigate whether the addition of
ascorbic acid in combination with a contrast agent, can provide any protective effects against X-ray-induced damage to
blood samples. The result shown that the ionized radiation of x-ray acts as oxidative effect on the blood components,
and contrast medium enhance the oxidation current peak of the blood medium. But, when using AA with the contrast
medium the results have been inhibited the oxidative effect and reduce the oxidation peak into minimum values. Using
ascorbic acid (AA) solution is very important to inhibit the oxidative effect of contrast agent with ionizing radiation
because AA acts as a good anti-oxidative factor in blood composition. So, it is necessary taking AA solution before
exposed to the ionizing radiation by x-ray, so it can be recommended to take AA solution with the contrast medium
through scanning x-ray examination.

This paper introduces a new method for the discrimination of impulse noise in medical MRI images. Statistical Fdistribution by means of Monte Carlo simulation for forecasting the location of Impulse noise on distorted images is
employed. The adaptive noisy pixels are identied as noisy using One-Way ANOVA hypothesis method while the rest
of the noisy pixels are selective noisy pixels. Thus, the statistical prediction method is used to predict the noise location
on the test images. The distorted portions in the images predicted by this structure are then made better by applying
a right kind of nonlinear ltering. The nonlinear median lter is advisable for demonstrating a suitable way of the
replacement of the degraded pixels. The lter is not applied to the not-detected regions of the image to remain the same
so that delicate details and edges are not spoiled. Experimental results enhanced this structure as it is compared to the
classical noise reduction structures.

Black tea is one of the most popular beverages in Iraqi society. The estimation of heavy metals is a critical test due to their direct impact on human health. The preparation method of the samples is regarded as one of the most important factors influencing measurement accuracy in spectrophotometric inspections. The current study was conducted to estimate the concentrations of the elements iron (Fe), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and tin (Sn) using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer flame technology, after employing the dry ash method (D) by comparing three different additions D1, D2, and D3, and the microwave digestion method (M) using two different additions M1and M2. The results were analyzed statistically within the probability level of (P≤0.05), significant differences were found between D3 modified method which was better compared to D1, and D2 for the D method in concentrations of 3.734, 0.0601, -0.0364, and -2.801mg/kg. The M1 performed better than the M2 method for the M method, with 3.894, 0.1991, 0.0137, and -0.0186 mg/kg for Fe, Cu, Cd, and Sn respectively. D3 compared with M1, it was found that M1 was better at concentration recovery percentage than D3. In conclusion, the best method for digesting black tea samples is the microwave digestion method, as it is more efficient, accurate, and faster than the dry ash method.

n this study, the results of demographical picture showed no signicant differences between ages among hydatid cyst
patients (P = 0.06), while the distribution of hydatid cyst according to residency showed that the distribution rate was 24
(80.0%) in the rural area when compared with its distribution rate in the urban area 6 (20.0%), with a signicant difference
(P = 0.007). Also, the distribution rate of fertile human hydatid cyst was 18 (60.0%) in comparison with the sterile human
hydatid cyst 12 (40.0%), with no signicant difference, and this distribution rate was close to the fertile sheep hydatid
cyst 16 (53.3%) compared to the distribution rate of the sterile sheep hydatid cyst 14 (46.7%), with no signicant difference
too. The mean anti Human-IgM antibodies level was (2.31 ± 1.38) in hydatid cyst patients compared to the control group
(0.09 ± 0.12), with a highly signicant difference (P ≤ 0.0001). The mean anti Human-IgG antibodies level was (14.47 ±
7.15) in hydatid cyst patients compared to the control group (0.05 ± 0.09), with a highly signicant difference (P ≤ 0.0001).
Also, the mean Human-IL-32 level was (26.42 ± 10.07) in hydatid cyst patients compared to the control group (1.26 ± 0.12),
with a highly signicant difference (P ≤ 0.0001), while the mean Human-TGF β level was (18.16 ± 8.52) in hydatid cyst
patients compared to the control group (5.1273 ± 1.49), with a highly signicant difference (P ≤ 0.0001). The mean antiSheep-IgG antibodies level was 18(2.10 ± 1.20) in fertile hydatid cysts compared to its mean in the sterile hydatid cyst
12(1.88 ± 0.86), with no signicant difference (P = 0.57). The mean anti Human-IgM antibodies level was 18(14.37 ± 6.24)
in the fertile hydatid cyst compared to its mean in the sterile hydatid cyst 12(2.62 ± 8.64), with no signicant difference
(P = 0.32). The mean anti- Human-IgG antibodies level was 18(2.11 ± 1.41) in the fertile hydatid cysts compared to its
mean in the sterile hydatid cyst 12(14.64 ± 8.64), with no signicant difference (P = 0.92). A mutation occurred with IL-32
gene ID 9235 in SNPs, rs12922880. The variation of wild CC To T > C was changed to TT, TT, TT, TC, TC, TT, TT, TC, TT,
TC in comparison with the control group. Also in SNPs, AA to A > C was changed to AC, CC. AC, CC, CC, CC, AC, AC,
CC, CC in comparison with the control group.

A pterygium is a eshy overgrowth on the conjunctiva grows from the inner corner of the eye which is a common
disease of the eye. And thin clear membrane on the surface of the eye. The purpose of the current study is to determine
the lesion.
The etiology, symptoms, and effects on the eye. And the impact of plexus on the eye and its associated complications.
100 Patients were specically chosen. Every patient received a thorough ophthalmological examination, Included a
fundus examination, slit-lamp examination, and visual acuity testing (VA). In order to identify remedies that can curtail
these phenomena symptoms that in general population.
Conclusion, the pterygium is common in Iraq and has many risks that we have mentioned because neglecting wearing
your sunglasses and safety especially during summer when sunlight may cause dry eye with in the summer time.

Abstract
Food is one of the main vehicle to transport parasites, the high demand for food in Baghdad city has a role in safety
protocol overlooking, in this study we try to asses the people knowledge about intestinal parasite infection and we
take Al kindy hospital as an example about the number of parasite infections in specic area in Baghdad city, the data
that were collected by questionnaire (666 reply) and from recording and archive room in Al kindy hospital (1727 result
from patients samples) are reported and analyzed, the result showed that Iraqi people have a good information about
parasites infections but in general not in specic way, and Giardia and Entamoeba spp were the most common single
cell parasite infections in Al kindy hospital in Baghdad city.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
2 (SARS-CoV-2). The rst known case was identied in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The disease has since spread
worldwide, leading to an ongoing pandemic. It has had a devastating effect on the world’s demographics resulting in
the death of millions worldwide.
As the coronavirus continues to cause illness and death around the world, vaccines are seen as one of the best ways to
stop it.
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the currently available corona vaccines in Iraq (Pzer, AstraZeneca
and Sinopharm) and the protection provided by existing antibodies which formed due to vaccination.
This cross-sectional study was done on Iraqi individuals attending Coronavirus vaccination center in Baghdad.
206 asymptomatic Iraqi individuals, 86 (42%) males and 120 (58%) females, aged 16-80 year, were willing to participate.
The participants were tested, before vaccination, by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR),
and were enrolled in this study when tested negative.
Each participant had one of the three currently available vaccines in Iraq (Pzer, AstraZeneca and Sinopharm).
Data including age, sex and type of vaccines were recorded for each participant. The participants were followed up
for nearly a year (from 6 February to 17 December 2022) to check for covid-19 infection and antibody existance.
In this study, Pzer vaccine was found to be 73% effective against infection, as 27% of the vaccinated participants were
infected with coronavirus; 19 male and 16 females.
AstraZeneca vaccine was found to be 64% effective against infection as 36% of the vaccinated participants were
infected with coronavirus; 7 male and 4 females Sinopharm vaccine was found to be 78% effective against infection
as 22% of the vaccinated participants were infected with coronavirus; 6 males and 4 females.
The results of this study indicate that Sinopharm vaccine was more effective than Pzer and AstraZeneca vaccines, as
the infection rate was lower and the period of infection after vaccination was longer.
Most of the infected patients had antibody titer at time of infection, which indicates that existing antibody did not
provide complete protection against infection.
Although females were the most participants, in this study, males were the most infected.
The age of the participants did not affect the rate of infection.

Background: Hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection is a medical condition marked by liver in ammation that represents a
signicant global public health problem and often causes brosis/cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the changes in some biochemical parameters in chronic viral hepatitis c patients
in Iraq. Among the biochemical parameters used to measure liver function were total Bilirubin (TBL), direct Bilirubin
(DBL), indirect Bilirubin (IBL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (GOT), and glutamicpyruvic transaminase(GPT). The lipid prole also included low-density lipoprotein, TG, and cholesterol.
Methods: 150 blood specimens were collected, 100 individuals were infected with viral hepatitis C, and 50 were used
as healthy controls at the Baghdad Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital Ministry of Health. The data
collection took place between December 2023 and April 2024.
GOT, GPT, ALP, total bilirubin, indirect and direct bilirubin, cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein
were evaluated by mindray BA-88A.
Results: The study showed a slightly higher male patient frequency (52%) than females (48%) with no statistically
signicant difference (p = 0.86), indicating that the disease may in uence both males and females but with a tendency
to males. The patient exhibited a signicant elevation p-value of less than 0.001 in serum levels of GOT, GPT, ALP, Total
bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, and Total cholesterol (46.75 ± 12.81, 58.17 ± 12.06, 599.11 ± 149.64, 1.46
± 0.25, 0.6 ± 0.14, 0.86 ± 0.16, 151.39 ± 36.155) respectively versus the control group. However, the two groups had no
statistical variation in serum triglyceride and LDL levels (p > 0.05).
Conclusions: The current study shows that individuals with HCV infection have higher levels of serum GOT (AST),
GPT (ALT), ALP, Total bilirubin, direct Bilirubin, indirect Bilirubin, and Total cholesterol (TC) compared to the healthy
control.