AL-Yarmouk Journal

This study examines the concept of intertextuality in the poetry of Sheikh Dr. Ahmed Al-Waeli, focusing on three main types: religious, social, and literary intertextuality. The first chapter explores religious intertextuality through references to Quranic verses and the Sunnah, highlighting Al-Waeli\\'s reliance on religious sources in his poetic structure. The second chapter addresses social intertextuality, analyzing his engagement with social issues and notable societal figures. The third chapter focuses on literary intertextuality, showcasing the influence of poetic heritage and literary figures on his work. Employing an analytical approach, this study reveals the depth of interaction between Al-Waeli\\'s poetry and other texts, reflecting his rich cultural background and connection to heritage.

The Muslim and Greek philosophers dealt with the subject of the soul meaning man, his origin and his destiny. Ibn Sina was particularly interested in the immortality of man after his death through the psychological resurrection. He dealt with it in his letters and books, meaning the immortality of man in the afterlife, in heaven or hell. To achieve this, he employed narrative storytelling, so he wrote \\"The Epistle of Hayy ibn Yaqzan\\", \\"The Epistle of the Bird\\" and \\"The Story of Salaman and Absal\\", which are symbolic stories that allowed him to express what he wanted, through diversifying the characters and events, according to the historical circumstances he went through.

This study deals with a grammatical and semantic issue, which is the issue of connecting stories in light of the science of appropriateness .The importance of this research lies in clarifying the most important topics that are connected to each other in the manner of this connection that has been defined and how grammarians did not pay attention to it and some commentators did, clarifying the meaning that indicated it; it is an aspect of the Quranic language in weaving the Quranic text and the coherence of its part and ideas, seeking from this study to clarify a method of the methods of the arts of speech.

This research paper examines the interrelationship between humans and the natural world, emphasizing the need to achieve a harmonious balance between them to avoid environmental degradation. This bleak life is made up as a result of the industrial revolution and human changes. Through an analysis of Thomas Hardy’s novel The Return of the Native, the study highlights the novelist’s environmental awareness and how the novel’s characters interact with environmental issues. The study relies on the framework of modern ecological criticism to understand this interaction, indicating that environmental conservation requires a deeper understanding of the relationship between humans and nature. It aims to pursue the argument on the vital relationship between humans and nature from an environmental perspective, this interaction has become more urgent in light of contemporary environmental challenges such as climate change, pollution, and the depletion of natural resources. By analyzing The Return of the Native, the study examines how Thomas Hardy embodied nature as an influential force in the characters’ lives, and even as a pivotal element that reflects the conflict between humans and nature, especially in light of the transformations witnessed by the Victorian era and the rise of industrialism. In addition, the study reflects that Hardy’s environmental awareness is still relevant in the context of the environmental challenges we face today. The analysis highlights the pivotal role of nature in shaping human destinies, highlighting that ignoring this interaction can lead to the exacerbation of environmental crises. The study also calls for a re-evaluation of the relationship between humans and the environment through practical references aimed at promoting environmental sustainability. These ecological studies address the importance of environmental education, improving environmental policies, and encouraging reconnection with nature as an integral part of human identity. This integrated approach is the basis for a deeper understanding of environmental challenges and the search for comprehensive and sustainable solutions to them. In conclusion, the study proposes a set of recommendations that can contribute to addressing contemporary environmental challenges and is directed to researchers, environmental activists, and stakeholders in environmental conservation efforts.

The twentieth century period is viewed from many cultural. Economic and political perspectives with deep relevance to literature. There are important events which swept the modern world such as the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 in Russia, the First World War (1914-1918), the great economic depression of the 1930s in the United States of America, and the Second World War (1939-1945). It is good to mention that other events include the Cold War and the arms race, the predominance of America as a world power, the collapse of the Communist bloc by 1989 and of the Soviet Union in 1991. Al these clashing factors generate new trends in the global community such as the emergence of the women’s movement and rights; the growth of various labour parties throughout Europe, and their struggle on behalf of the working classes. Not forgetting the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s, which is led by Martin Luther King, who is assassinated in 1968. This movement is deeply reflected and expressed in African American literature. These movements and trends have a vivid influence on the distinctions and interests of class, gender, race, nation and religion in modern life.
The African American writers are aware of the devastating movements and events that reshape modern literature and express social dilemma of modern life. Thus, modern African American Women playwrights such as Lorraine Hansberry (1930- 1965), Alice Childress (1912-1994), Lynn Nottage (1964- ) , Suzan Lori Parks ( 1963- ) portray woman as a real human being with fortified identity. African American womanhood stereotype is reshaped from the subservient and fragile image into a vital and authentic visage in the modernized world. Suzan Lori Parks in her Venus 1996 tries to bring the past into the present with an up to date vision. Venus is a history play where the heroine Venus is taken as a slave black woman from the south of Africa to work as a show off woman in Europe. She is victimized and deeply exploited due to her black color and gender. The paper tries via the African American criticism theory to assert Venus dilemma as a black woman in a savage world.

Introduction: The regression coefficient plays an important role in raising and improving goats. It serves as a quantitative measure of the relationship between the age. and weight dam to the birth weights. This study was conducted Females weighing 40-50 kg on 53 Cypriot goats and 30 iraqi goats, aged 2-5 years, at the Livestock Research Station - Abu Ghraib affiliated to the Ministry of Agriculture iraq.
Materials and methods: The study aimed to analyze the correlation and regression The age and weight of dam at birth of the productive characteristics (dam birth weight, dam body damensions, birth weight, weaning weight, total weight gain, total milk production, peak production, number of milking days and milk components) and calculae the straight-line equation.
Results: The results show that there is a highly significant correlation between the weight of dam at birth with the damensions of the body, newborn’s weight, the peak of production and the number of milking days, and a non-significant correlation of the weight of the newborn with the production of milk and its components, and a highly significant correlation of the peak of production and the number of milking days with of milk components. There was a significant regression posetive of dam birth weight on birth weight in Cypriot 0.018 and local 0.039 and highly significant on milk production in Cypriot 0.054.
Conclusion: We conclude that there is a correlation between dam weight at birth with body damensions, newborn weight and milk production, and a regression of dam weight and age on birth weight and milk production in Cypriot and local goats.

This research explores consumer behavior in e-commerce, analyzing psychological, social, and technological factors influencing online purchasing decisions. By examining platforms like Amazon, Alibaba, and eBay, it identifies key drivers such as trust, convenience, peer reviews, social media recommendations, platform usability, and mobile optimization. The study highlights challenges, including data security and meeting rising customer expectations for faster delivery and better service. It emphasizes the importance of trust-building measures, AI-driven personalization, and mobile platform optimization. Additionally, it identifies opportunities for innovation, such as expanding into emerging markets and utilizing advanced analytics to anticipate consumer needs. The findings offer actionable insights for businesses to enhance user experiences, foster customer loyalty, and adapt to the evolving e-commerce landscape.

This research delves into the transformative role of social media in the realm of sports marketing and branding, focusing on how these digital platforms enhance engagement, shape fan behavior, and fortify brand identities within the sports industry. By weaving together, a rich tapestry of communication theories, branding principles, consumer behavior insights, and narrative engagement strategies, the study seeks to unpack the complex interplay between sports organizations and their digital audiences. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach that includes content analysis, fan surveys, and professional interviews, the investigation reveals the critical function of social media as a conduit for immediate interaction, community engagement, and tailored fan experiences, profoundly affecting consumer perceptions and actions. The findings enrich academic discussions on digital marketing while providing actionable strategies for sports marketers aiming to harness social media's power to bolster fan commitment and enhance brand prominence. The research underscores the value of genuine, engaging, and fan-focused content in nurturing a devoted following and propelling the commercial triumph of sports brands in today's digital landscape.

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have achieved remarkable success with numerous real-world issues in recent years. The structure of these networks is heavily influenced by a number of parameters, such as the number and type of layers, the size and number of cores, and the type of activation function. In this article, genetic algorithms were used to design CNNs structures, because genetic algorithms are able to apply learning in an automatic way. The algorithm was tested on Cifar10 and Cifar100 datasets, compared with three newly designed CNNs, two competitors designed semi-automatic CNN structures, and others designed fully automatic CNN structures. As the results CIFAR10 Classification error (4.3), Parameters number (M = 106) (2.1 M) and Execution-time (day) (40). CIFAR100 Classification error (20.85), Parameters number (M = 106) (5.5 M) and Execution-time (day) (84). The results also show that the parameters' number of the best structure reached using the proposed algorithm is less than in the automatic algorithms that were compared with it (Block-QNN-S and Large-Scale Evolution). This is within an implementation time of the proposed algorithm of 84 days, according to the computational resources.

This research explores the realm of sports marketing events, examining their evolution and effectiveness in the context of advancing technology. It begins with an overview of these events, emphasizing their role in blending entertainment, branding, and fan engagement to create memorable experiences. The significance of sports marketing in today's digital era is highlighted, particularly its impact on visibility, revenue generation, and fan loyalty. Key techniques such as digital campaigns, sponsorships, and interactive experiences are analyzed for their effectiveness and evolution. The paper also presents case studies to illustrate successful strategies and outcomes in sports marketing. Challenges like budget constraints and ethical considerations are explored. The study concludes by addressing emerging trends like eSports and AI-enhanced personalized experiences, underscoring the need for continuous innovation and adaptability in sports marketing strategies. Overall, this research offers insights into the dynamic strategies shaping sports marketing, emphasizing ethical practices and technological adaptability for future success.