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Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal

Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal

Volume: 5

Issue: 2

Publication Year: 2013

Publication Date: December 2013

Articles in This Issue

Pages 1-13

1

USING OF DRIED BETONY AND PEPPERMINT IN BROILER DIETS ON PERFORMANCE, HEMATOLOGICAL AND IMMUNITY RESPONSE.

Mahbuba AGH Mustafa, Sami Mahdi, Bestoon N. Bakr

Pages: 1-9 English

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Abstract

This experiment was aimed to investigate the effect of using different levels of betony and peppermint alone or together on body performance, hematological traits and immunological response in Ross-308 broiler male chickens, in this experiment three hundred and sixty (360) day old sexed male chicks (Ross-380) were randomly divided into 12 replicates, 30 chicks per replicate (three replicates per treatment). The four treatments in this experiment are: T0=control (standard ration), T1 (2% dried betony), T2 (2% dried peppermint) and T3 (1% betony+ 1% peppermint). The effect of betony and peppermint added to broilers diet is presented showed significant increases (P<0.05) in body weight in T2 at 25 days, relative weight of heart, liver, gizzard, proventriculus and fabricius, also showed significant increases (P<0.01) in body weight at 42 days, body weight gain at 25 and 42 days in T1, T2 and T3 also in eviscerated dressing, the relative weight of (breast, thigh, drumstick, wings and spleen), but showed that FCR differ significantly (P<0.01) among treatments, better feed conversion was found in T1, T2 and T3 at ages 25 and 42 days. While, the results shows significant induces (P<0.01) in mortality and relative weight of (abdominal fat, neck and back), but there were no significant differences among the treatments with control in Feed consumption at ages 25 and 42 days. Thus the results showed significant increases (P<0.01) in total count of red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total protein concentration and high density lipoprotein (HDL), While, the results shows significant induces (P<0.01) in H/L ratio, cholesterol concentration and low density lipoprotein (LDL) in T2, T3 and T1 as compared with T0, but there were no significant differences among the treatments with control in total count of white blood cells (WBCs). Also the results showed significant increases (P<0.01) in antibodies titer of Newcastle Disease (HI), Gumboro Disease (IBD) and Infectious Bronchitis Viral (IBV) in T1, T2 and T3. In all traits T2 achieved more improving as compared with the other treatment of this experiment.

Keywords

betony; peppermint; broiler; performance; hematological; immunity

2

THE EFFECT OF ADDING ANHYDROUS ACETIC ACID TO PREPARE WHEY PROTEIN CONCENTRATES TO IMPROVE ITS FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES.

Atheer Jasim Mohammed Jandal

Pages: 10-24 English

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Abstract

Two types of whey protein concentrates were prepared, One was from sour whey and the other from salted or unsalted sweet whey. They were acetylated by different concentrations and their effectiveness properties were studied. It was found that the sour whey(unsalted and acetylated) exceeded its counterpart of treatments in the percentage of moisture and ash. However, the salted and unsalted sweet whey(acetylated) had significant superiority over other treatments, in the following properties; total protein, foam size, gel formation, oil and water absorption, and the emulsification properties. Thus, the results showed that the 0.5٪ of acetylation for salted and unsalted sweet and sour whey proteins was the best in changing the functional properties of the acetylated whey protein concentrates compared to the acetylation percentage 0.3٪ and 0.9٪, respectively. In addition, the salt effect in most treatments has shown a significant effect. So, the above results showed that salted sour and sweet whey protein are the best in the process of acetylation because of its improvement of functional and chemical properties.

Keywords

acetylation Anhydrous Acetic Acid Functional properties whey protein concentrates

3

SEROLOGICAL STUDY BY USING THE ELISA TECHNIQUE TO IDENTIFICATION OF AVIAN INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS DISEASE AMONG SOME FIELDS OF BROILER CHICKENS IN DIYALA PROVINCE.

Amer KH. Alazawy

Pages: 25-37 English

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Abstract

Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a common highly contagious viral disease of poultry; it causes major economic losses to the poultry industry. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of avian infectious bronchitis (IB) by evaluated the maternal derived antibodies (MDA) at 3 days of age and compared with the antibodies against the disease in 25 days of age, also to study the clinical signs and gross lesions of the suspected infected birds in some broiler chickens farms of Diyala governorate during the period from September 2012 to April 2013. Twenty broiler chicken flocks were reported in this study, blood samples were collected from each flocks two times to investigate the antibody titers by using Enzyme- Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Significant variation (P<0.05) was observed in the means of antibody titers against IBV between the maternal derived antibodies at 3 days old and 25 days old, also 14 farms showed clinical signs of IB including mainly, severe respiratory signs with high morbidity and mortality, postmortem examination of affected flocks showed lesions mainly in trachea and kidney. The result of this study showed that IB was the most prevalence and widespread disease in broiler chickens farm particularly at 3 weeks of age. Therefore, because of the lack of a specific vaccine against endemic strains of IBV in Iraq, IB infection has remained a problem in the Diyala poultry farms.

Keywords

Diyala ELISA Infectious Bronchitis maternal derived antibodies

4

ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FUNGI AND MYCOTOXINS (DEOXYNIVALENOL AND ZARALENONE) IN FISH FEED FROM BAGHDAD CITY.

Dalia K. Abdual-shahid, Oday S. Abbas, Zahid E. Mohammed

Pages: 38-44 English

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Abstract

This research provides a brief review of approaches for the early detection of fungi and its metabolites in feedof fish from some Baghdad farms. During a mycological analysis of complete feed mixes(15 samples), a total of five genera of moulds were identified. Penicillium spp. was present in considerably more samples than any other genus 36.4%, followed by the genera Fusarium spp.24.5%. Other fungi from the genera Aspergillus spp. 20%, Mucor spp. 11.1% and Alternaria spp. 8% were represented in a smaller amount.The mycotoxinsdeoxynivalenol and zearalenone were detected. Deoxynivalenol was detected in 10 samples in the concentration range 0.25–2.5 mg/kg. Zaralenone were detected in 8 samples in the concentration range 0.2–5.0 mg/kg.Thesefindings indicate that there may be a risk for animal exposure to mycotoxins through the consumption of moldy infected feeds

Keywords

Deoxynivalenol fungal Fusariummycotoxins Zaralenone

5

MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF Rhizoctonia solani ISOLATED FROM PEPPER PLANTS IN IRAQ BY USING PCR

Tareq A. Kareem, Mohammed S. Hassan

Pages: 45-54 English

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Abstract

Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most important vegetables plants pathogens which are distributed in soil worldwide. Three isolates are selected from eight R. solani isolates pathogenic for Pepper plants from different area in Baghdad – Iraq, according to the pathogenicity test on Radish seeds. The sequences of rDNA- ITS region of the Iraqi pepper isolates (IQ- 34, IQ-39 & IQ- 40) were showed variation in similarity. Phylogenetic tree based on rDNA- ITS regions indicated that the IQ-34 and IQ- 40 isolates from pepper belonged to AG5 and IQ- 39 isolate belonged to AG4-HGIII. The nucleotide sequence data were sent to International GenBank to check and registered. The GenBank send accession number for each sequence at Jul.2013 as: KF372660, KF372661 and KF372662 respectively.

Keywords

DNA sequencing molecular characteristics pathogenicity Pepper phylogenetic Rhizoctonia solani

6

THE EFFECT OF PRE-STORAG INCUBATION STORAGE ON CHICK QUALITY OF BROILER BREEDER ( ROSS 308 )

Ezat KH. AL-Samrai, ZIAD T. AL-Dhanki

Pages: 1-12 English

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Abstract

This study were conducted in AL-Furat commercial Hatchery from 18/12/2010 to 3/1/2011. A total of 1080 hatching eggs were collected from broiler breeders (ROSS 308) commercial farm at age of 364 days (52 wk), the eggs were randomly distributed into 9 treatment groups (120 eggs/treatment). The pre-incubation process were done for 0, 6 and 12 hours then the eggs were stored for 4 days in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd treatment, and for 7 days in the 4th, 5th and 6th treatment, and for 14 days in the 7th , 8th and 9th treatment respectively. The pre-incubation process were carried in temperature of 37.5 C (99.5 F) and RH of 55% (29.8 C or 85.6 F dry bulb temperature), and the storage condition were 18 C and RH of 55-60%. The results showed no significant differences for egg weight and the process of storage for a period of 7 days without cuddling advance led to outweigh the weight of chicks hatched ,weight ratio chick to egg weight, as more than the length of and specifications Tona quality of the chicks in chicks hatched of eggs stock for 4 days after his lap for 12 hours, but the body mass was significantly superior in chicks inventory of eggs for 12 hours after his lap in advance for a period of 6 hours.

Keywords

chick length chick quality chick weight pre-incubation storage

7

STUDY OF CONSUMING ABILITY OF EXTRACTED PECTIN FROM SOME FRUITS PEELS BY LOCAL ISOLATE Aspergillus sp.

Aswan H. Al-Bayar, Taghreed I. Khalil, Nadia N. Hejo, Wurod Fawzi Ahmed

Pages: 13-20 English

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Abstract

Extracted pectin samples from citrus peels and sunflower heads by aqueous and ethanolic methods were used only as a carbon source instead of sucrose for cultivation a local isolate of Aspergillus sp.in czapek-Dox medium which contains 0.2% NaNO3, 0.05% MgSO4.7H2O, 0.1% K2HPO4, 0.05% KCl, 0.001% FeSO4.7H2O, by solid state fermentation methods for polygalacturonase production. Polygalacturonase activity was estimated in different mediums contain different pectin extracts (aqueous and ethanolic) of citrus and sunflower heads. It is found that, by using citrus pectin in production medium, and sunflower heads pectin as a substrate for polygalacturonase activity signed by (O3)treatment, the enzyme activity was 51.56 U/ml., while by using sunflower extracted pectin for polygalacturonase production, achieve highest activity 94.375 U/ml. for (O2) by using citrus pectin as a substrate. Morphological properties for the aqueous and ethanolic extracts were studied also, including relative viscosity, it was found that the aqueous extracted pectin from sunflower bases gives the highest viscosity, while the best morphological properties was obtained by ethanolic extracted pectin from sunflower bases, which mean the progression of sunflower pectin on citrus pectin in physical properties.

Keywords

Aqueous extract Aspergillus citrus peels ethanolic extract Pectin physical properties.

8

CO-CULTIVATION OF CELL SUSPENSION-DERIVED FROM COTYLEDON NODE OF Trigonella foenum-graecum L. WITH Ri PLASMIDS UNDER ELECTRICAL SHOCK AND ISOLATION OF DIOSGENIN FROM GENITICALLY MODIFIED CALLUS

Muthana Mohammad Al-Mahdawe, Mozahim Kasim Al-Mallah, Amar O. Al-Attrakchii

Pages: 21-33 English

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Abstract

This study was carried out in a laboratory tissue culture and genetic applications in the Department of Life Sciences / College of Education / Univ. of Mosul , it aims to get the tissue Trigonella foenum-graecum L. genetically modified from Co-cultivation with cell suspensions Ri plasmids isolated from bacteria Agrobacterium rhizogenes under the influence of electric shock and Valuation the content of diosgenin. Co-cultivation results of the densities 28.0 , 37.0 × 104 cell/cm3 of cell suspension derived from callus of cotyledon node of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. with 50 µL of Ri plasmids, isolated from Agrobacterium rhizogenes R1601.This mixture exposed to 200 or 250 volt./50 msec. shocks and embedded in agar drops indicate the formation of microcalli, Assessment of opine proved the separation of agropine spots. This is indicate that callus is genetically transformed. The data indicated the presence of diosgenin in these cultures when assessed by Infrared Ray (IR) spectrum and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) compared with standard samples. This genetically transformed callus have high content of diosgenin achieved 297.7%, that equaling twice of its quantity 161.8% present in leaves of fenugreek plants produced from seeds

Keywords

cell suspension Co-cultivation diosgenin. Ri plasmids Trigonella foenum-graecum

9

EFFECT OF USING HEAT TREATMENT SOYBEAN IN RATION ON PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF BROILERS

Rozhgar Bayez Saeed, Sardar Yaseen Taha

Pages: 34-46 English

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Abstract

The study was conducted in the field of the Directorate of poultry agricultural fields / Faculty the Agricultural Sciences / University of Sulaymaniya in the Pkrajo, to study the effect of adding full fat soy beans instead of soybean meal and the effect of heat treatment of grain. Used in the experiment (225) chick from two hundred and twenty five day –old ross -308 chicks were used. First treatment: birds fed a diet containing the level of 20% raw FFSB for all three stages of starter, grower and finisher. 2nd Treatment: birds fed a diet containing the level of 40% raw FFSB for the starter and grower, with 30% in the finisher stages. 3rd Treatment: birds fed a diet containing the level of 20% soaked FFSB for all three stages of starter , grower and finisher. 4th Treatment: birds fed a diet containing the level of 20% heated FFSB for all three stages of starter, grower and finisher. while 5th Treatment: birds fed a diet containing the level of 40% roasted FFSB for the starter and grower, with 30% in the finisher stages. It is concluded that the highest body weight and weight gain was in T4 both 38 and 45 days of age. The highest feed intake was for control grope. Best feed conversion ratio of all marketing ages was also for T3and T4 groups. Highest production index was for T4 in all ages. While dressing percentage and breast and thigh percentage were variable in all groups.

Keywords

Broiler production performance soybean

10

EFFECT OF ADDING Saccharomyces cerevisiae AS PREBIOTIC TO JAPANESE QUAIL DIET ON PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE AND SOME BLOOD PARAMETERS

MAHDI S. JASSIM, MAHDI S. JASSIM, Mustaffa M. Taha, Muhanad A. Ali

Pages: 47-57 English

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Abstract

This study was conducted in Animal Dept. Poultry Farm College of Agriculture to determine the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast on performance and some blood parameters of Japanese Quail by using 48 birds. The birds were randomly distribution on four treatments(12birds)each treat 3replicat, the treatments were T1 using diet without any add (control),T1 ,T3 ,T4 added of S. cerevisiae 5, 10, 15gm per kg diet respectively. The results showed that there are no significant effects on feed consumption and feed conversion while eggs weight and H.H production were increase in T2, T2, T3, T4 treatments compared with control group. No significantly differences recorded between treatments in egg quality characteristics. There is significant decrease in cholesterol, significant increase glucose, no significantly difference in uric acid of serum blood for all experiment treatments compared with control. There is significant effect on carcass weights and carcass mains parts for all experiment treatment compared with control.

Keywords

Blood parameters Japanese quail prebiotic production performance saccharomyces cerevisiae

11

BIOREMEDIATION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES BY Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Adnan Neama Al- Azawy, Hadi Rahman Rasheed, Anwar Ali Khadam

Pages: 58-68 English

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Abstract

The study was included isolation and identification of bacterial strains resistant of pyrethoid pesticides (lambde-cyhalothrin, fenvalerate)from agricultural soils in Baquba city. The results appeared that the most of bacteria strain are Pseudomonas aeruginosa .All bacterial isolates were identified by the biochemical, cultural and microbial characteristic and then isolated adapted to mineral salt media containing pesticides .The research findings of residue concentration by use HPLC technique that Pseudomonas aeruginosa was adapted and growth to concentration Viz. 250µg/ml , 200 µg /ml of (lambde-cyhalothrin, fenvalerate). The plasmid content of the local isolates was studied and the results showed isolates contain single large plasmid Band, curing was conducted by use of Acridin orange. The plasmids were lost at concentration 1024µg/ml and then isolated adapted to concentration 200µg/ml lambde-cyhalothrin thereafter the culture was assessed by HPLC and results showed the rate of residue concentration in last week was 100 ,it was concluded that the major gene for pesticides degradation was located on plasmid.

Keywords

Bioremediation Pesticide Pseudomonas aeruginosa

12

EVALUATION OF PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF JAPANESE QUAIL IN SUMMER OF IRAQ

Khalid Hamid Hasan

Pages: 69-80 English

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Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the productive performance of Japanese quail during summer season in Iraq along the period 10 July 2011 to 25 Sept. 2011 . The flock consist of 60 one day old chicks and reared in three boxes with dimensions 50* 50* 100 Cm., the measurements included the following traits : Live body weight , gain body weight , Uniformity , Age at sexual maturity , Egg weight , Shell weight , Shell thickness , Egg shape index , Chick weight / Egg weight percentage and calculated correlation coefficients and regression coefficients between some traits of the study . The results inducted that , the mean chick weight and its uniformity were 7.24 g and 56.25 % respectively . The egg weight , shell weight , shell thickness , shape index , chick weight / egg weight , age at sexual maturity were 9.54 g , 1.23 g , 0.25 mm , 79.19 % , 75.89 % , 40.63 day , there were highly significant correlation coefficients between shell weight and each of shell thickness and shape index ( 0.45 and – 0.68 respectively ) , also there were significant regression coefficients between chick weight and each of egg weight and shape index ( 0.88 and – 0.45 respectively )

Keywords

Japanese quail live body weight Summer uniformity .

13

EFFECT OF ADDING TWO LEVELS OF IRAQI SOLUBLE PROBIOTIC ON PERFORMANCE AND EGG QUILTY OF JAPANES QUAIL

Ammar T. Al- Tememy

Pages: 81-91 English

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of adding tow levels of Iraqi Soluble Probiotic (ISP) to the drinking water on performance of female Japanese quail take from State Board of Agriculture Poultry research station at Abu- Grab, sixty five female were used in this experiment with 40 days age. The birds were randomly distributed in to treatments (3replicated and 6 female each replicate) . The treatments : 1- T1 Tap were drinking water as follows: without addition (control) 2- T2 Tap drinking water+0.5gm of ISP each one litter water 3- T3 Tap drinking water+1gm of ISP each one litter water The result revealed that There were significant effects for the addition ISP to the drinking water on H.D % , eggs number, egg mass and feed conversation rate for T2 on T1&T3 in most experiment periods , however no significant effect for the these treatments on egg weight and egg quality. It can be recommend using bio-enhanced dissolved in water at a concentration of 0.5 g / liter of water for his contribution in improving the qualities of productivity and the quality of the egg recipes for female Japanese quail.

Keywords

Iraqi Soluble Probiotic japans quail performance

14

STUDY OF DRESS PERCENTAGE AND RELATIVE WEIGHTS OF CARCASS PARTS IN VARIOUS AGES OF JAPANESE QUAIL IN IRAQ

Khalid Hamid Hasan, Ahmad A. Ahmed, Thana A. Dawood, Noor K. Fadil

Pages: 92-103 English

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Abstract

This study was conducted in Animal Resources Dept. – College of Agriculture – University of Diyala during the period 1 Feb. to 8 April 2013 , aimed to determine dress percentage , some relative weight of carcass parts( include breast , thigh and back ) , some vital organs( heart , liver ) at various ages in Japanese quail in Iraq. The study use 100 one day old chicks , the study slaughtered random sample of them consist of 70 birds , as 20 , 20 , 15 , 15 birds in 4 , 6 , 8 , 10 week of age respectively , and the measurements taken in each age and the correlation coefficients were calculated among the various measurements . The results indicated that, the age has highly significant effect in body weight , carcass weight , intestine length , also there was significant effect of age in thigh weight . The sex has significant effect in body weight , dress percentage , intestine length , liver weight , back weight , there were highly significant effect of the interaction between age and sex in body weight and carcass weight , while there was significant effect of this interaction in relative weight of liver. There were highly significant correlation coefficients among all measurements included in the study.

Keywords

carcass parts dress percentage Japanese quail vital organ

15

EFFECT OF ADDING BETAINE TO IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANS OF COMMERCIAL LAYER HENS AT HIGH TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS IN IRAQ

Tareq K. Hasan, Dhyaa Abd Abass

Pages: 104-113 English

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Abstract

This study was conducted at the field of Department of Animal Production of Agriculture College / University of Tikrit for the period from 18/7/2012 to 9/10/2012 . The aim of this study is to determine the effect of added Betaine to the diet to alleviation the negative effects of heat stress through studying some performance traits of laying hens during summer along the duration of the experiment. There hundred and sixty laying hens were used with 37-week-of age, As it has been distributed on the four treatments, Each treatment included, two replicates, the first treatment (B1) without Betaine in the diet (control treatment), The second treatment (B2) contains (0.5 g Betaine / kg feed). third treatment (B3) (1 g Betaine / kg feed) .The fourth treatment (B4) contains (1.5 g Betaine / kg feed) the results showed that: The addition of Betaine led to a significant increase (P <0.05) in all treatments Betaine compared to the control treatment (without addition) in the rate of egg production (HD) , egg mass and the number of cumulative eggs during all whole production period (37-48 week) as compared to the control treatment (without Betaine), Significant improvement in feed conversion efficiency, while there were no significant differences in mortality rate of the birds of the different treatments.

Keywords

Betaine heat stress Laying hens

16

EFFECTS OF PARENTS SEX ، BIRTH TYPE، AND AGE ON LIVABILITY OF TURKISH AWASSI SHEEP LAMBS.

MAAN A. ALI, SADIK A. Taha, NAZAR I. KHALEEL, FINDYIA H. HADI

Pages: 114-121 English

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Abstract

Sheep records of Agricultural Research State Board - Sheep Station in Baghdad ، were analyzed ، which its accounts were 967 ،956 ، 951 ، 935 record for livability at weaning age، 6، 9، and 12 months of age respectively for the years 2009 ، 2010، 2011، in order to study the effects of parents sex،birth type، age،and interaction among these factors on lambs livability at weaning age to one year of age . Study results appeared that there was no significant effect of rams age on lambs livability at weaning age to one year of age. While ewes age effect was significant (p<0.05) on lambs livability at 6 ،9 months of age ،as it was highly significant (p<0.01) on lambs livability at one year of age ،but its effect was not significant on lambs livability at weaning age . Ewes with 4 years of age gave highest lambs livability at weaning age and at 6، 9،12 months of age which reached 96.92،96.92،96.51،95.41% respectively،while the lowest lambs livability were to ewes with 8 years of age ،which reached 83.33،75.00،75.00،66.66 % at weaning age،6،9،12 months of age respectively. Parents sex and their birth type effects were not significant on lambslivability at weaning age to one year of age as well as the interaction among these factors which was not significant on lambs livability.

Keywords

Awassi Lambs،Parents Sex،Birth Type،Age،Livability.

17

THE EFFECT SPRAYING NUTRITION SOLUTION ON TOTAL YIELD OF TWO CUCUMBER HYBRID ( Cucmis sativus L. )

Harith B. Abdulrahman, Ghassan J. zedan, Kuteba Y. Aied

Pages: 122-132 English

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Abstract

The field experiment was conducted in plastic house of Horticulture and landscape design department at the season 2012 to study the effect of five foliar nutrition treatments ( Control , Giant , Protec , Viviter , and Lelli 2000 ) with two kind of hybrids ( Summit , Maxeem ) . Split plot design was used an distributed as R.C.B.D. . It was done with three replicates . The results showed that Viviter had superior significant in total chlorophyll content , Fruit weight , Plant yield , Total soluble soled so it gave higher rate reached 39.850 , 87.604 gm , 2148.87 gm , and 3.428% successively . Giant had superiority in fruit length , while Protec had superiority in fruit diameter , fruit numbers . While the control gave increasing in fruit hardness . Maxeem showed significant superiority in fruit length and fruit numbers while Summit had significant increasing in fruit diameter , fruit weight . The interaction between Viviter and Maxeem significant increasing in leaf chlorophyll content , fruit length , T.S.S. , while the interaction Lelli 2000 with summit had superiority in fruit diameter only . The interaction between Giant and Maxeem had significant superiority in fruit number while the interaction between Viviter and Summit had significant superiority in fruit weight . The significant superiority of plant yield was the interaction between Protec and Maxeem so it gave higher rate reached 2254.01 gm while the Control of Maxeem showed superiority in fruit hardiness.

Keywords

Cucumber hybrids Nutrition solution

18

THE IMPACT OF GYPSIFEROUS AND CALCAREOUS SOILS ON DECOMPOSITION OF DIFFERENT ORGANIC MATERIALS

AlAA HASAN FAHMI

Pages: 133-143 English

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Abstract

laboratory experiment was conducted to study the effect of soil type and kind of organic matter on the decomposition of organic matter .Soils of different type (Gypsiferous15% gypsum , calcareous 20% lime ) for each has used two kind of organic wastes(sheep waste and cow waste at level of 20 with respect of soil organic carbon and without addition of OM to control treatment. Factorial experiment were carried out in completely randomize design (CRD) in three replicates. Treatments were incubated at 30 ( ± 2) c for 77 days and the amount of released CO2 were determined in followed period, from 1-7 days determined in all day and From 8-77 days determined in 7 days. The study showed of following result. The calcareous soil gave higher accumulative quantity of released CO2 comparing with gypsifrious soil , the soil treatment were as follow Treatment of sheep waste< treatment cow waste < control . The period 1-14 days gave higher amounts of CO2 from other period..

Keywords

gypsiferous and calcareous soil . Organic Matter release of CO2

19

COTTON VARIETIES RESPONSE TO VARIABLE PLANT DENSITIES

Arshad Thanoon AL-Niaumi, Mohamad Ali Al-Assaf, Naif Sultan Saleh Saleh

Pages: 144-154 English

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Abstract

Studying the effect of distance between holes and number of plants in hole in two cotton varieties lashata and Coker-310 by conducted factorial experiment in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates at summer season 2011 in Agricultural Technical College Mosul AlRashidia fields where the distance between holes 20, 30 and 40 cm and the number of plants in hole 1, 2 and 3 plants. The results declared that Lashata were superior over Coker-310 variety in number of sympodia branches in plant and number of bolls in plant and boll weight (g) and seed index (g) and seed cotton yield (Kg/h.) were the increasing percentage in seed cotton yield arrived 41.78% from Coker-310 variety which noticed were earlier than Lashata variety and the variation between the two varieties were little and not significant for plant height and number of monopodia branches in plant and lint index and lint percentage. The distance 40 cm between holes significantly affected plant height and were superior over the distances 20 and 30 cm in mean number of bolls in plant which reflect over seed cotton yield mean (Kg/h.) and significantly increasing were observed in number of sympodia branches in plant and boll weight when planted in distance 30 cm between holes, the higher plant height and also higher earliness percentage in yield were recorded when we leave two plants in hole and also noticed significantly increasing in number of sympodia branches in plant and number of bolls in plant and seed cotton yield at leaving three plants in hole.

Keywords

Coker-310 cotton Lashata Mosul . plant population

20

MEASUREMENT EFFICIENCY OF PRODUCING AND MARKETING FOR THE PEANUT CROP IN DIYALA PROVINCE.

Ali G. Zaidan, Saadoun F. Khater

Pages: 155-163 English

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Abstract

Peanut is consider an important economic crop in world. also consider an important industrial and oil crop, chosen Diyala governorate have been as a case study because of its importance in peanut cultivation, study aimed to measure efficiency of producing and marketing for the Peanut, The results of quantitative analysis that cost function Cube is most appropriate for relationship adopted in study according to tests of economic, statistical and standard, The results showed efficiency of producing toward 12.6 tons. estimated efficiency in production toward 67% estimated cost efficiency toward 0.73 , estimated the size production the profit short-run toward 15.33tons, estimated the net revenue on size of production actual and size of production optimization and size production the profit to reach 2440.514 ،4326.836 ، 4838.986 ID/ tons on collation, estimated the Efficiency of marketing toward 63.96%.

Keywords

Efficiency of marketing. efficiency of producing Peanut

21

RESPONSE OF SEEDS OF TWO COTTON VARIETIES GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L. TO GERMINATE WITH MAGNETIZED WATER

Hazem M. AL – Bayaty, Muzahim M. Abed

Pages: 164-172 English

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Abstract

Two laboratory factorial experiments ( 2 × 4 ) were conducted by using randomized complete block design with four replication in order to see the effects of magnetized ( 1000 , 2000 , and 3000 Gouse ) and normal water on the germination percentage , speed of germination and root length of two varieties of cotton ( Coker 310 and Lashata ) . The two experiment was conducted separated at each temperament ( 15 and 20 ) C° . Statistical analysis results showed that there highly significant differences in the percentage , seed of germination of seed and root length where the percentage of germination of seed as average over the two varieties using magnetized water dose ( 3000 Gouse ) reached 58% and 89.3% at 15C° and 20C° respectively , while the ratio was 33.8% and 73.1% using normal water at the same above temperatures . The varieties did not differ significantly in speed of germination and root length except the highly significant differences for root length at 15C° . The overlap between the varieties and the type of water did not reach the level of significant in the statistical tests of the two experiments. The Coker 310 varieties showed more response for germination and root length in the two experiments. The speed of germination and root length increases with using magnetized water treatments .

Keywords

cotton seeds ، germination ، magnetic water

22

EFFECT OF MULCHING BY ORGANIC WASTES ،DEPTH OF PLNTING AND SEED SIZE ON SEEDLING EMERGENCE AND GROWTH OF BROAD BEAN IN SALINITY SOIL.

Abed Sarab Hussain, Khalel Sh. Khalel, Haamead A. Habeeb

Pages: 173-184 English

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Abstract

The Experiment was carried out in field of Mussayab Technical College during the growing season 2008 – 2009 in to Broad Bean plant local variety. the study included twelve treatments are consisting three factors its two size of seeds ( small 1.7 g \ grain , large 3.7 g \ grain ) and three depth of planting ( 4 , 8 , 12 cm) . and tow treatments ,first :mulching by crushed wheat straw by 0.5 tons \ dunum putting on the lines of Agriculture and left the other without mulching . Applied experience as randomized complete block design RCBD with three replicates and then compared the averages by less significant difference test and a probability level of 0.05 . Results showed that: That large Seed size that mulching with plant residues planted in depth between 4 – 8 cm showed significant differences in (rate and speed of seedling emergence after 15 days of cultivation , height of plant , dry weight of plant and root, and number of flowers after 60 days of cultivation ) by 95%, 3.41 gesture \ day, 82 cm, 31.1 g, 9.3 g and 0.60 flower \ plant respectively.while small size grains without mulching planted in 12cm depth had given the following values for the same qualities previous a 19%, 0.55 gesture \ Day, 34 cm, 10.9 g, 3.9 g, 10 flower \ plant respectively in salty soil

Keywords

Mulching ، Organic wastes ، Salinity

23

EFFECT OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER IN THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF GREEN ONION ( Allium cepa L. ) CV. WHITE LOCAL

Abdel Moneim Sadalah Khalel

Pages: 185-193 English

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Abstract

To study the response of green onion crop for some kinds of organic fertilizers field experiment was conducted in the vegetable field of the Department of Plant Production in Agricultural Technical College / Mosul in Rashidiya during 2012 -2013 season where the onion bulblets ( Cv. White Local ) planted in 14 th. Oct. 2012 in boards on lines dimensions of 40 cm and the distance between plants 20 cm and the experiment included six treatments (chemical fertilizer 65 kg / D urea + 65 kg / D. superphosphate + 50 kg / D. potassium Sulphate and poultry manure at rate of 15 cubic meters / D. and sheep manure at rate 20 cubic meters / D. and three treatments of manufacture poultry manure (Italpollina) at 20, 30 and 40 kg / 100 m2 and carried out in a simple experiment in the Randomized Complete Block design with five replicates The results showed superiority of manufacture poultry manure added at rate of 40 kg / 100 m2 In some vegetative growth characters (leaves number per plant 27.62 , leaves fresh weight 93.23 gr. , leaves dry weight 11.53 gr.) and In some yield characters ( yield per plant 338.61 gr. and total yield 12697 kg / D. and the average weight of the bulb 86.42 gr. and the average diameter of bulb 3.82 cm. )

Keywords

Organic fertilizer – Green onion – Yield

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EFFECT OF GROWTH, YIELD, FORAGE OF OAT (Avena sativa L.) VARIETIES.

Moyassar M. Aziz, Salim A. Younis

Pages: 194-202 English

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Abstract

This study was conducted in the winter season 2012-2013at Ba'shiqah / Tobzawh village (25 km) east of Mosul and farm of the College of Agriculture and Forestry/ University of Mosul, and both regions are located within the semiarid areas belt where their rain fall ranging from 300-350 mm per year. The study included experiment at each Location to study the effect of sowing rates 120 and 140 kg / ha on growth character, and forage yield of five varieties of oats (ICARDA Tall ,Possum ,Mitika ,Kangaroo and ICARDA Short,) The experiment carried out according to the system of split plot design in Randomized Complete Blok with three replicates The most important results, including the following: Seeding rates 120kg/ha surpass seeding rates 140kg/ha in days from planting to 50% flowering and plant height seeding rate 140kg/ha surpass seeding rate120kg/ha number of tillers/m2 day forage yield and protein percentage dry forage, The leaf percentage seeding rates at both locations Oat Varieties ICARDA Tall, Kangaroo and ICARDA Short surpass and Mitika Varieties dry forage yield and protein percentage at both locations The interaction between seeding rates and Oat Varieties significantly affected all growth characters and dry forage at both location except the number of/tillers / pant at Tabzaioh location.

Keywords

growth Oat Varieties Yield Forage

25

STUDY ON PHYSICAL, CHEMECHAL AND ENZYMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF DATE PALM FRUITS ( Phoenix dactylifera L. cv . Hilalli ) DURING DEVELOPMENT.

Dhia Ahmed Taain, Sabah Hassen Taresh, Mountah Abd Al-Zahra Ati

Pages: 203-212 English

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Abstract

This investigation was carried out on Hilalli date palm fruits “Phoenix dactylifera L.”, grown in Basrah to study some physical, chemical and enzymatic changes of date palm fruits during their development. Results showed that The fresh weight of fruit, pulp and seed, fruit volume, length and diameter increased steadily to reach its highest values at Khalal stage followed by gradual decrease at Rutab and Tamer stage. There was a rapid accumulation of dry mater ,total soluble solid ,total and reducing sugars at the stages of ripening ( Rutab) and the increase lasted for Tamer stage. Water content, sucrose and total titratible acidity reduced as fruits interred ripening. According to the results, the activity of invertase and cellulase increased rapidly at the end of khalal stage and at the beginning of rutab stage..

Keywords

Date palm Enzymes fruit fresh weight Hilalli cultivar

26

EFFECT OF IRRIGATION WATER SALINITY , MAGNETIC AND SOAKING BY THE ASCORBIC ACID AND SEAWEED (OLIGO-X) ON GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROUTH OF HYBREDS CUCUMBER ( DALIA) IN PROTECTED ENVIRONMENT.

Hammed Salih Hamaad, Deia A. Mohammed, AbdulRaheem assi Obaid

Pages: 213-222 English

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Abstract

The experiment was conducted during Autumn season 2012 to study the effects of irrigation water salinity (2.12ds.m-1) , magnetic field (1500 GS) and soaking by ascorbic acid or seaweed (OLIGO-X) on velocity and percentage of Seeds germination for Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) planted in a glasshouse and some of the vegetable properties . The results showed that magnetizing water caused substantial increase in velocity and percentage of seeds germination and percentage of chlorophyll in the cotyledon leaves . Irrigation by saline water (2.12 ds.m-1 ) caused a decrease in percentage of germination by 3.73 % compared with fresh water (0.54 ds.m-1) , and magnetizing saline water increased germination by 4.26 % . soaking by seaweed caused substantial increase in velocity and percentage of germination , stem diameter and percentage of chlorophyll , while soaking by ascorbic acid gave substantial increase in velocity and percentage of germination compared with soaking by water . the maximum of germination was irrigation by magnetizing fresh water (0.54ds.m-1 ) and soaking by the seaweed , in addition to irrigation by the magnetizing saline water (2.12 ds.m-1 ) and soaking by ascorbic acid by 95.1 % , and the minimum was irrigation by the saline water and soaking by fresh water by 80.2% .

Keywords

Ascorbic acid and seaweed . Irrigation water salinty Magnetic seeds Soaking by the water

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EFFECT INTERACTION BETWEEN INOCULATION FUNGUS TRICHODERMA harzinum AND VEGETATION FERTILIZATION ALGAE CHARA SP. AND CHEMICAL IN PLANT GROWTH ONION (ALLIUM cepa L.).

Faris M. Suhail

Pages: 223-231 English

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Abstract

A factorial Experiment was conducted in sandy loam soil, using a complete randomization design (CRD), in College of Agriculture – University of Diyala in plastic bags to assess effect treatment of fungi Trichoderma harzianum and alga Chara sp, chemical fertilizers and the interaction between them in the onion plant growth. The results showed that added dual (Trichoderma harzianum + Chara sp ) led to a significant increase in both plant height ,length roots , Number of leaves, diameter bulb and wet weight and dry (32.58 cm, 40.0 cm, 6.92 leaf -1, 1.48 cm, 32.67 g. Plant -1,11.13 g. plant -1), respectively, and irrespective of the addition of chemical fertilizers. They gave treatment double (Trichoderma harzianum + Chara sp) and interaction with the level 50% of chemical fertilizers higher values for all studied traits and increase significantly was (21.73%, 71.66%, 65.0%, 61.90%, 30.76%, 60.0%), respectively, compared to the treatment comparison and at the level of 50%. The treatment added double (Trichoderma harzianum + Chara sp) and at the level of 50% of chemical fertilizers is the preferred treatment and Trichoderma harzianum and Chara sp saving 50% of the amount of chemical fertilizers.

Keywords

Trichoderma harzianum ، algae chara sp. ، chemical fertilizers ، Onion

28

EFFECT OF SPRAYING IRON AND ZINC ON SOME VEGETATIVE PROPERTIES AND YIELD OF WHEAT BUHOOTH -7

Hameed K. AL-Salmani, Mohmmed S. ALTimimi, Bassim R. AL-Bandawy

Pages: 232-239 English

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Abstract

To study the effect of spraying ferrous and zinc sulfates on some of vegetative properties and yield of grain of wheat buhooth -7 .Factorial experiment was conducted at Field of crop production sciences . College of Agriculture – university of Baghdad . Requirements of N, P and K Fertilizers were added ,three concentrations of Fe (0,50.100 ) mg.L-1 and three concentrations of Zn (0,50.100 ) mg.L-1 were sprayed at three stages of wheat growth ( vegetative growth , boating and Flowering stages of crop growth ) . Randomized complete block design was used at three replicated . Results showed that : All concentrations of Fe , Zn and their interactions were significantly affected on all plant parameters under study . High values were produced of interactions of Fe 2 × Zn 2 which were : 122.5 cm , 43.2 cm 2 , 9 filler per plant , 50.2 spad unit and 5.88 t.ha-1 for plant height , flag leaf area , tiller per plant , chlorophyll index and yield of grains respectively .

Keywords

Spraying iron and zinc Vegetative properties Yield of wheat

29

STUDY GROWTH SALINITY TOLERANT BACTERIA AND ITS CAPABILITY IN FREE NITROGEN FIXATION IN SALINTY MEDIUMS

Kareem U. Hasan

Pages: 240-245 English

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Abstract

Salinity tolerant bacteria were isolated from salinity affected soil samples by Ashby's medium. The isolates were purified and identified based on morphology and biochemical's tests. Results showed five isolates related to, Azotobacter Spp. Their salt tolerance capability tested in growth and nitrogen fixation with mediums content 0.0%, 1.5% , 3.0% , 4.5% , 6% , 7.5% and 10.0% NaCl,. Results showed all isolates could grow in 0.0% - 3.0% NaCl ,and A1 , A4 isolates could grow in 4.5% NaCl. While only A1 isolate can grow in 6.0 % NaCl .The isolate A1 was superior in Nitrogen fixation (6.70 mg N gm-1) whereas the lowest amount of nitrogen fixation (1.98mg N gm-1 )was with A3 isolate. Salinity tolerant Azotobacter Spp. has attracted the attention of agriculturists as soil inoculums to improve the plant growth and yield in salinity soils.

Keywords

Soil bacteria Salinity tolerant Nitrogen fixation

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EFFECTOF IRRIGATION WATER QUALITYAND MOISTURE LEVELSONPOTASSIUM SUPPLY POWERAT UNDERCOVERED AGRICULTURE CONDITIONS

Ebtisam M. Rasheed, Eman A. AL-Janabai, Ali M. Saadallah

Pages: 246-256 English

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Abstract

Trial was conducted at plastic house in College of Agriculture –University of Baghdad at winter season of 2009-2010. The trial includedtwotreatments: -the first was irrigation water quality (river water, drainage water and mixed water -50%river water + 50% drainage water) and the second was water moisture levels (irrigation at 40, 60, 80 % of available water).Tomato transplants were planted in the plastic house using drip system to apply irrigation water. Laboratory experiments were conducted on the soil before, during and after growth season to investigate the thermodynamic behavior of potassium using quantity- intensity relationship. Results showed that the lowest values of labile K were found at early yield stage comparing with values at flowering stage and the end of the season stages which indicate the role of the crop in depletion of soil K. To control K supply, the nutrient should be added before early yield stage. Releasing K was higher from soil irrigated with river comparing with mixed and drainage water. Moisture level of 40% available water give higher values of LK. Results showed that values of potassium activity ratio at equilibrium ARK0were reduced during plant growth comparing with the values before planting which reflect the role of biological factor onK uptake by plant. ARK0values were higher for river water treatment comparing with mixed and drainage water.

Keywords

Labile potassium moisture depletion. potassium buffering capacity

31

EFFICIENCY OF INOCULATION WITH INTRODUCE STRAINS OF STRAINS OF Bradyrhizobium japonicum AND Trichoderma harzianum ON SOYBEA GROWTH

Khamees H. Mutlag, Falih H. saeed, Ali Jabbar Abd, Hadi M. Aboud

Pages: 257-263 English

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Abstract

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three introduced isolates of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (J.3 , J.5 and J.43 ) and local isolate of Trichoderma harzianum (T.26) . and their combination in some soybean growth parameters . The results revealed that all bioagents induced significant increment in all studied growth parameters which included root size , bacterial nodules number , stem length ,stem radius , fresh weight of shoot and root system and dry weight shoot and root system but isolate J.5 ( B. Japonicum ) superior than isolate T.26 and their bacterial isolates ( T.3 and T.43 ) in most growth parameters . The results also reveled that the combination inoculation induced significant increment in most growth parameters as compared to control treatment , the treatment (J.43 and T.26 ) was superior than other combination treatments in increasing root system size , number of bacterial galls ,stem length ,stem radius ,fresh weight of shoot and root system and dry weight shoot and root system which recorded (2.3ml , 8nod./plant , 36cm , 2.4mm , 3.8g , 0.92g , 1.2g and 2.0g ) as compared to ( 0.9ml , 0.0 nod./plant ,11.0 cm , 0.17mm, 0.5g , 0.1g , 0.7g and 0.2g) in control treatment respectively .

Keywords

Bradyrhizobium japonicum Efficiency of inoculation soybean Trichoderma Harzianum

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ECONOMICS ANALYSIS OF THE MOST IMPORTANT INFLUENCING INVESTMENT ALLOCATIONS FOR AGRICULTURAL RECLAMATION IN IRAQ FOR THE PERIOD (1990- 2010).

ALI S. SHUKR, Eskander H. ALI

Pages: 264-274 English

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Abstract

Investment business positive economic consequent increase in fixed capital and operating the basis of considering the problem of salinity is one of the most important problems facing Iraqi agriculture, which leads to low productivity per unit area, which in turn led to the lower contribution of agricultural output of GNP as was the reason for exit area wide range of land-scale agriculture, economic, so the aim of research is to conduct an economic analysis of investment in land reclamation in Iraq for the period (2010 -1990), and review the reality of reclamation within this period show that the average areas reclaimed amounted to 275214.6 donum and the largest area reclaimed was in 2002, and through the annual growth rates show that the rate of growth during the period( 1990 - 2010)) which is half the duration of the study was positive, but the second period was the growth rate which is negative due to the continuing decline in allocations to invest in this area, as it turns out that the highest percentage contribution to the output of the agricultural of GDP was 26.9% during 1991 either lower the contribution rate in 2010 was at 7.2%. In order to identify the most important factors affecting the investment allocations for reclamation projects agriculture was estimated function of investment that show the relationship between investment allocations as the dependent variable and all of the GDP at constant prices and agricultural output in constant prices and area reclaimed donums explanatory variables and using the method of least squares OLS found that the linear function was the appropriate functions to be used expression of the relationship to overcome the of economic and statistical and econometrical tests standard and GDP was the most influence and determine the amounts allocated for investment as the change by one unit of the investment allocations will change by 147.9 with the survival of other factors constant at averages, and was able to variables explanatory explain 67% of the fluctuations in the depended v. F-test also showed significant model as all.

Keywords

Agricultural Reclamation. Economics Analysis Investment

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USING SOME ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI TO CONTROL THE RED RUST BEETLE Tribolium castaneum (Hbst.) (Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae).

Hussein Ali Mutnai, Nihad Aziz Kamass, Ammar Ahmad Sultan, Hadi Alwan Al Saidy

Pages: 275-282 English

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Abstract

A study was conducted in the laboratory of microbiology –College of Agriculture - University of Diyala. Form March until June 2013 - to compare the effect of some Entomo pathogenic Fungi in to control on the rust red beetle (Tribolium castaneum) and different concentrations, and the results showed outweigh the treatment of pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana isolation local BSA3 significantly (P <0.05) by the second concentrations (35 × ) spore / ml) in recording the highest rates of death in star larvae first insect beetle 52.5%, did not differ with treatments fungus (isolation BSA3) first (57 × ) spore / ml) and the product's commercial pathogen fungus Lecanicillium muscarium (Mycotal) concentrations1 × spore / ml significantly rates of death 42.0% and 46.5%, respectively, while given treatment fruit body extract of the fungus pathogen Calvatia carniiforms lower rates of death for the larvae of a red beetle rusteisect 21.5%, which differed significantly from the treatment comparison 8.5%. And given the fungus treatment B. bassiana isolation BSA3 (second concentrations 35 × ) spore / ml) and the treatment of the preparation commercial Mycotal of the fungus L. muscarium concentrations 1 × spore / ml higher rates of loss in adults insect 41.5% and 38.5% respectively, while recent treatment did not differ significantly from the treatment of fungus B. bassiana (first concentrations), amounting to 35%. Treatment showed fungus B. bassiana isolation BSA3( second concentrations 35× spore/ml) Significant differences in the percentage of adult emergence of a red beetle rusteinsect when the treatment of insect pupae 77.5% .

Keywords

Beauveria bassiana (Blasamo) (BSA3) Fungi Lecanicillium muscarium (Mycotal) and Calvatia carniiformis Red Bettel Ruste Insect

34

THE EFFECT OF SPRAYING BY SOME ORGANIC NUTRIENTS AND GROWING UP MANNER ON THE CHARACTERISTICS AND COMPOONENTS OF GROWTH AND HARVEST OF THREE HYBRIDS OF CUCUMBER UNDER PROTECTED CULTIVATION CONDITIONS

Aziz M. AL-SHAMMARY, OMAR GH. Yahya

Pages: 283-294 English

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Abstract

The field experiment has been accomplished during the 2012-2013 season, in the new Baquba plantation, which belong to directorate of agriculture Diyala. This experiment aimed to study the effect of three cultivars, two breeding methods, and three types of fertilization, on yield characteristics of cucumber plant. The experiment includes 18 treatments of matching of three hybrids of cucumber that (AS2, AS1, and BF372), two growing up manners (one stem and two stems), and three types of fertilization (plant organic fertilizer, animal organic fertilizer, and the spraying by the distilled water only). The experimental has been carried out according to the split- split plot design (S.S.P) in R.C.B.D with three replicates, Significant differences between the test according to averages less significant difference between the arithmetic averages LSD and the level of potential 0.50. Results showed that superiority hybridsAS1 bred on one stem and fertilizer organic livestock in the rate of plant height and recorded 3.88 m while the fertilizer organic vegetable recorded plants the same hybrid and method of breeding shorter length of Pacifism it reach to 6.13 cm, While, the same hybrids with Organic fertilizer and two stems had the top of content of chlorophyll (54.50%). Also outperformed plants hybrid BF372 bred on two stems and organic fertilizer plant in the average number of days the flowering in 50% of the plants, which reached to 40.33 day and it yield recorded 12.89 tons / plastic house.

Keywords

Breeding Cucumber organic fertilizer production .

35

STUDY OF SOME FRUITS CHARACTERS OF LEMON Citrus limon VARIETIES AND SOME RELATIONSHIPE HYBRID CULTIVATED IN IRAQ

Khalid A. AL- Hamdani, Fireawn A. Hussein, Siham A. Ehraib

Pages: 295-300 English

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Abstract

This study was conducted in private orchard in Doura region- Baghdad through the agricultural season 2011 and 2012 on certain lemon varieties. The aim of study to know the physical and chemical fruit Characters .The study showed superiority of Panda rosa var. in physical changes (fruit weigh, fruit juice weight, fruit skin thickness , seed number) successively, the Mahali variety had less fruit weight juice fruit weight (80.20 , 31.30 )gm in addition to less fruit skin thickness (0.21 cm) et less seeds number 4.18 seeds/ fruit. The chemical properties (T.S.S, acidity, vitamin C content ,these were significant differences, Mahali variety gave highest percentage of T.S.S 9.75%, but Panda rosa var. less percentage 8.08%. Lisbon variety gave supper percentage of acidity 6.16%, while Mahali var. gave less acidity percentage 0.08%.For the fruit content of vitamin C it was found that Eureka had superior content significantly 51.30 mg/100 gm juice, while Lemon sour(2) had less content 23 mg/100 gm juice.

Keywords

chemical fruit Characters lemon varieties

36

IMPACT OF IRRIGATION INTERVALS TO WATER USE EFFICIENCY IN SOME COTTON VARIETIES AND THEIR HYBRIDS

Layla I. Mohemmed, Musaab A. Al-Khirllah

Pages: 301-311 English

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Abstract

A field experiment was carried out during 2010-2011 at the experimental field of crop sciences dept. – College of Agriculture – Abu-Graib, to evaluate genotypes under water stress conditions and attempt to breeding of hybrids for tolerant of this stresses, with higher yield capacity. However estimate of GCA for parents and SCA for their hybrids, heterosis and some genetic parameters. Five varieties of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) included Cocker-310, Dise, Macneer, Marsoomi-5 and Rabeaa-122 were crossed, during the season of 2010. The traits for 10 single crosses and 5 parents were tested during 2011 using RCBD under split plot design arrangement with three replications, irrigation treatments occupied main plot ( included irrigation weekly and at two weeks) and genotypes (parents and their crosses) occupied sub plots. Results showed significant differences in irrigation interval at two weeks in most characteristics studied, this treatment produced highest seed cotton yield 104.36 g.plant-1 and WUE 1.11 Kg.m-3. Significant differences were found among genotypes (parents and crosses) for all characteristics studied. The parent Macneer and crosses Dise x Macneer and Cocker-310 x Rabeaa-122 were attained highest seed cotton yield account 102.02, 111.75 and 110.02 g.plant-1 respectively. The parents Cocker-310, Macneer and Rabeaa-122 were gave highest water use efficiency (0.80, 0.80 and 0.79 kg.m-3, crosses Marsoomi-5xRabeaa-122 and Cocker-310 x Rabeaa-122 gave 0.92 and 0.91 respectively. The highest stress tolerance index was gave from the parents Macneer, Cocker-310 and Rabeaa122 and crosses Dise x Macneer and Cocker-310 x Rabeaa-122 accounted 1.04, 1.03 and 1.00 for parents, 1.24 and 1.20 respectively. The results of hybrid vigor showed that cross Cocker-310 x Rabeaa-122 in irrigation at two weeks gave highest percent account 22.05 and 21.90% for seed cotton yield and water use efficiency respectively. It could be conclude to dependent on irrigation at two weeks that attained higher values of water use efficiency and seed cotton yield.

Keywords

Irrigation intervals seed cotton yield. stress tolerance index WUE

37

EFFECT OFCHEMICAL FERTILIZERS LEVELS (NPK) ON THE GROWTHAND FLOWERING OF TWO VARIETY OF TULIP ( Tulipa gesneriana).

Bairam Solomon Ismael

Pages: 312-318 English

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Abstract

The experiment was done in green house (not heated) at the department of Horticulture and landscape / college of Agriculture – University of Tikrit from November 2011 to May 2012 on two varieties of tulip , first Whit lily flowering and second Red Frenged. Different levels of NPK 15:15:15 were used (0 , 80 gm , 120 gm)/m2. Randomized complete black design was used with three replications. The results showed that variety Frenged was higher in total plant length , chlorophyll percent , length of flower stalk and diameter; 46.97 cm , 66.51 SPAD , 43.33 cm and 4.63 mm respectively . while fertilizer level F2 was higher in many character is tics of flowering growth as the flower stalk diameter and flower diameter which was 4.41mm and 14.29 mm .

Keywords

Chemical fertilization . Tulipa gesneriana Tulip

38

IDENTIFICATION AND PURIFICATION OF TOMATO MOSAIC VIRUS (ToMV) AND ANTISERUM PRAPARED BY USING IMMUNIZED CHICKEN EGGS.

Nabil A. Kassim, Anaheed Waadallah Daham

Pages: 319-330 English

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Abstract

Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) was diagnosed by using indicator plants. ToMV was purified by differential centrifugation, after filtrate by agarose gel filtration, from tobacco leaves its purity and concentration were 1.3 and 1.3 mg/gm. plant juice respectively , and it was effective in inducing infection on leaves of wild tobacco. The isoelectric point of the virus was 4.4 pH. The antiserum of ToMV was prepared by using immunized chicken eggs, and was tested by agar double diffusion and slide agglutination tests.

Keywords

immunized chicken eggs Tomato mosaic virus

39

EFFECT DIFFERENT CONCENTRATION ( Fe EDDHA ) CHELATED IN GROWTH THREE CULTIVAR FABA BEAN (Vicia faba L.) .

Husham Abdul wahab Abdul karim

Pages: 331-337 English

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Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at the research farm of Dept. field Crop Sciences - University of Diyala during season 2012 – 2013 to study the effect of application Fe EDDHA to various level fertilization ( 0 , 6 , 8 , 10 gm/m2 ) which simple B1 , B2 , B3 , B4 respectively in characteristics growth three Variety Vicia faba ( Netherland mulch , local Syria , spinach ). Factorial experiment was used a randomized complete block design with three replications .The result showed that a great response to addition of iron fertilizers in three Variety , the Fe EDDHA in 10 gm/m2 level gave increased effect up to 17.59 , 2.11 in plant height , number of branches respectively . Also the results that Vicia faba variety showed a great response to application iron fertilizers compared with control with addition .

Keywords

Fe EDDHA Variety of Vicia faba

40

EFFCTS OF ADDITIVES, METHODS AND NUMBER OF APPLICATION ON ACTIVITY OF GLYPHOSATE CONTROLING FOR Dichanthium annulatum (Forsk) stapf. GROWTH IN SUGARCAN FIELDS

Adnan Hussein AL-Wagga, Baqir Abdkhalf Al-juboory

Pages: 338-348 English

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Abstract

This research was conducted in the fields of the General Company of sugar – factory and farm of sugar cane , Missan , during the season of 2001 / 2002 , to control Dichanthium annulatum (Forsk) stapf , growing in the root of the sugar cane Saccharum officinarum L. fields .Use by different rate of glyphosate in a direct application by using wipe or spray method, different rate of the additive of 1% [Urea + (NH4)2SO4] solution , and different times of application. The experiment was set out as factorial design in randomization complete block design in split – plot design with three replicates. Treatments of number of applications during the season, were considered as main – plot , while the control were considered as a sub-plot . The results showed that The treatments and number of applications were significantly affected in degree of weed killing up 82.91 , at 115 , 190 day and the regrowth of the weed in end season after application Treatment of 1 : 4 glyphosate : water + 1% of the [Urea + (NH4)2SO4] solution , which applied was the most affective on all the studied characteristics of weed plants. Treatments significantly affected all the studied characteristics on crop plants (except of stem diameter). using wipe application spray application , were most effective in weed control as a direct methods for glyphosate application , with no significant damage on the crop plant.

Keywords

chemical control Dichanthium annulatum (Forsk) stapf Glyphosate Herbicides methods application

41

EFFECT OF SOME PLANT EXTRCT, CALICUM CHLORIDE AND STORAGE METHOD IN QUALITIES AND MARKETING OF THE APRICOT FRUITS, 3ZAGAINAA (2) PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS.

Marwa Hadi Burhan, Ghalib Naser AL-Shemmery

Pages: 349-359 English

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Abstract

The study was conducted in the laboratory of Department of Horticulture and Landscape on the fruits of apricot class (Zagainah 3).
The fruits stored at refrigerated store's and evaporative In the store of the Department of Horticulture ,College of Agriculture -Tikrit University for two seasons, 2008 – 2009 .Fruits Taken from a 7-yearold trees from a private orchard near the city of Baiji ,3/4 fruits coller after 79 days afterfull plum at 20/5 ,22/5/ 2009. Fruits dupping in axctract, Okra 75% consitration 20 mintis,pomogranatium 8%con. 5mints,Sider leaves75% con.20 mints andCalicumCloraid 5% con. The control treatment of fruits difided tow parts, the first storage at coold storage at 4 o ±1o and 80-85% temperature, anther storage at ventilation storage. The fruitspackeg at poleyethelen 5kg. Yoused C.R.D in analysis. The Resilt. 1- CalicumCloriddecres, Waite lose, dacy, respiration. 2-fruits treatment with Okra extract decreas fruits respiration to 16.8 mg/kg/hr in cold storage and 17.2 mg/kg/hrjnventelation storage. 3- Pomegranate peel extract significantwaight loss, dacyeand respiration. 4- Sider leaves extracts loss in whaiteloss respiration and private micrnic infected. 5- Control treatment wheightloss,dacey and respiration rate.

Keywords

Apricotfruits PlantsAxtracts storage

42

EFFECT OF POTASSIUM FERTILIZER, ORGANIC MATTER AND DEFICIT IRRIGATION ON COTTON

Omer Ali Ahmed, Muhsin Ali Ahmed, Abdulkhaliq Saleh Mahdi

Pages: 360-372 English

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Abstract

A field experiment was carried out in Diyala province during the growing season 2012 at the eastern of Baquba, to study the effect of fertilizer potassium (potassium Sulphate) in (0, 240, 480 ) kg.ha-1 / and organic matter (cows residues) (0, 8, 16 tons.ha-1) and irrigation levels of (100% , 80% , 60%) of water available on yield and yield components on cotton crop (var. Lashata),The experimental design R.C.B.D in a split split plot arrangement with three replications , the results showed significant differences for levels of potassium fertilization significant effect on all characteristics , the second level gave highest number of bolls open in about 22.63 , mean weights of bolls(3.01gm), cotton lint yield(1278.2 ton.ha-1), and ginning percent (34.72%) total number of bolls (29.28-29.33)at the second and third levels. as well as the results showed that organic matter has significant effect on all traits adding 8 tons.ha-1 gave higher number of opening bolls was(22.77), added 8and 16 tons.ha-1 highest number of total bolls(28.47- 28.66),total lint yield(1297.01307.2 tons.ha-1). Irrigation has significant effect on all properties 100% level was superior in lint yield(1348.3 ton .ha-1) and did not differ significantly from the 80% level.

Keywords

cotton Deficit irrigation. Organic Matter potassium

43

EFFECT OF SOME PLANT EXTRCT, CALICUM CHLORIDE AND STORAGE METHOD INQUALITIES AND MARKETING OF THE APRICOTFRUITS ,3ZAGAINAA (2) CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Marwa Hadi Burhan, Ghalib Naser AL-Shemmery

Pages: 373-383 English

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Abstract

The study was conducted in the laboratory of Department of Horticulture and Landscape on the fruits of apricot class (Zagainah 3).
The fruits stored at refrigerated store's and evaporative In the store of the Department of Horticulture ,College of Agriculture - Tikrit University for two seasons, 2008 – 2009 .Fruits taken from a 7-year-old trees from a private orchard near the city of Baiji ,3/4 fruits collar after 79 days after full plum at 20/5 ,22/5/ 2009. Fruits dipping in extract, Okra 75% concentration 20 mints, pomogranatium 8%con. 5 mints, Sider leaves 75% con. 20 mints andCalciumChloride 5% con. The control treatment of fruits divided tow parts, the first storage at cold storage at 4 o ±1o and 80-85% temperature, another storage at ventilation storage. The fruits package at poly ethylene 5kg. The Result were: 1- Calcium Chloride treatment has maintained the Totalacidity, TSS, and taste 2-fruits treatment with Okra extract maintained the TSS and test at second season. 3- Pomegranate peel extract maintained the acidity, high TSS, Carotenoid and test in bath storages. 4- Sider leaves extracts maintained a high TSS, total acidity, Carotenoid and excellentteats. 5- Control treatment reduce the TSS, carotenoid and maintained total sugar.

Keywords

Apricot fruits plant extracts storage

44

EFFECT OF SPRAYING GIBBERELLIC ACID AND NITROGEN ON TWO TYPES OF POTATOES VAR. ALASKA

Mohamad Ali Al- Assaf, Zainal Saeed Abbas, Ibtisam nadum haizm, Maha Mohamad Taha

Pages: 384-395 English

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Abstract

The experiment was conducted in the field of Plant Production Department at Technical Institute in Mosul for the years 2010 and 2011 at the season-spring to study the effect of spraying gibberellic acid GA3 at different concentrations ( 0, 25, 50, 100) ppm and two levels of fertilizer nitrogen (20 and 40) kg / acre and two kinds of potatoes (full and cut in two halves) var. Alaska The results showed that spraying growth regulator GA3 concentration of 100 ppm led to a significant increase in the character of plant height and number of branches and number of tubers / plant and average weight of the tuber and yield per plant and total yield / donum and add fertilizer nitrogen rate higher led to a response studied, and the impact of the quality of potatoes has been shown that treatment of tubers fragmented significantly outperformed the full treatment of tubers per traits under study. Interaction the overlap between growth regulator GA3 and nitrogen fertilizer and the quality of cultivated potatoes that sprayed growth regulator GA3 concentration of 100 ppm and a high level of nitrogen fertilizer 40 kg and cutting tubers significantly highest yield 6.954 tons /donum as compared with lowest yield 5.275 tons / donum per unit area .

Keywords

Gibberellic Nitrogen Fertilizer plant height Potato tuber weight

45

SOME FACTORS OF INTER WORKING ENVIRONMENTAL AND ITS RELAYTIONSHIPS WITH LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE IN AGRICULURAL COOPERATION IN SECTION OF SLAHLDEEN AGRICULTURAL DEMONSTRATION

Majid khalil Ali

Pages: 396-406 English

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Abstract

This study aimed to determine level of performance of workers in Agricultural cooperation in section of Slahaldeen Agricultural demonstration. and determine a relation between level of workers performance with some inter environmental work factors. also to get formation on direct and indirect effect of work environmental factors on level of performance of those agricultural workers and to know similarity between these section of Agricultural demonstration of slahadeen government Decreasing of single and bulk work pressures and human relations improvement.The study included all Agricultural workers in Agricultural extension which equaled with 14 agricultural sections. randomized sample choose by several stages with 60% from agricultural sections which sized 0f 8 sections then a sample choose by same of these workers. in these sections by 84 workers sized 50 respondent. A questionnaire used as a tool for data collecting by to parts. the first part is to get to measuring some factors of intra working environmental (single and bulk working pressure and human relationships) The second part included 32 point for measuring level of performance of the workers. which the reliability measured by split- half methods. The result showed that the level of performance of those workers was medium. appositive significant correlation present between human relationships and level of workers performance and a negative significant correlation between single pressure and level of performance while the relation was positive non significant between bulk work pressure and level of workers performance. also there were direct and in direct effect for intra work environmental factors and level of agricultural woekers performance. there were different degrees from similarity between agricultural section The study recommended with more importance for intra working environmental from the way of decreasing of single and bulk work pressures and improvement of human relationships between those workers which effected on the level of performance of workers in extension organization

Keywords

Performance of workers/ Inter working environmental.

46

TRAINING NEEDS OF IRRIGATED WHEAT GROWERS IN THE DISTRICT OF BAIJI _ GOVERNORATE OF SALAH ALDDIN AND ITS RELATION WITH SOME VARIABLES -2.

Ali Ahmed Ghaidhaib, Dua ’A Zia Mohammed

Pages: 407-417 English

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Abstract

This research aims at estimating the training needs of irrigated wheat farmers in all of its areas of wheat farming and detecting the relation between the training needs and all of the variables (number of years in experience, farming supplies, information sources, prior training, the openness and being ready for change) and the relation between the training needs and a group of independent factors and also examining all the problems that face irrigated wheat farmers in Baiji. Research samples have included (150) farmers standing for (15%) of all the farmers in Baiji. The data of the research were collected by a questionnaire form done specially to estimate the training needs and the first part of it includes social, economic and calling data, while the second part includes (52) paragraphs to estimate the training needs of irrigated wheat farmers. The truthfulness of the outer and the inner content has been fulfilled and it was accounted according to the half separating and the rate of standing was (0,70). After classifying data, the relation worker Person was used and the rank relation for Spearman and multi stages test for analyzing data. The results showed that the rank of irrigated wheat farming according to the need to train as follows: holocaust, fertilization, the date of farming, harvesting, diseases and insects, the way of farming, irrigation, sowing, formatting the earth. The results indicate the existing of a concrete connection relation between the training needs of irrigated wheat farmers and information sources , openness and being ready for change, whereas there is no concrete connection relation with years of experience in farming and farming supplies and prior training. The results also showed that the change of openness and being ready for change is most contributing in interpreting the variation in the level of the training needs then information sources follows. Depending on these results, some conclusions have been made and some recommendations have been suggested.

Keywords

District of Baiji Irrigated Wheat training needs

47

EFFECT OF AQUEOUS AND ETHANOL EXTRACTS OF MELIA AZEDARACH L. AND PENANUM HARMALA L.ON ANTS WORKER APHAENOGASTER MUSCHTIDICA EMERY( HYMENOPTERA : FORMICIDAE) MORTILITY

Sanaa Nagem Al- hadidi

Pages: 418-425 English

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Abstract

The effectiveness of extracts of cold and hot water and ethanol extract of Meliaazedarach L. fruits and seeds Peganumharmala L. tested laboratory against ant workers during a period of 24 hr. Results showed superiority extracts fruits Meliaazedarach L. extracts seeds Peganumharmala L. in achieving higher rates of mortality in value 21.421 , 9.344%, respectively ,as superiority extract ethanol alcohol for both plants on the aqueous extracts cold and hot, amounting ratios mortality of worker ants 17.625 , 15.683 , 12,840% respectively ,also this study appeared that the efficacy insecticidal against worker ants increasing with increase the concentration of the extracts for both plants in value 11.620 , 13.660 ,15.678 ,20.573 %for concentrations 1 ,2.5 ,5 ,10%respectively.

Keywords

Ants Meliaazedarach L. Peganumharmala L. Plants extracts

48

EFFECT OF HIGH LEVEL OF PROTEIN INTAKE ON THE REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF AWASSI EWES.

Alaa D. Salman, Hadeel KH. Ibrahim, Abbas F. Al-Khalisy

Pages: 426-435 English

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Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of the high level of protein intake on reproductive performance of Awassi ewes. Sixty eight Awassi ewes (mean initial live weight 51.49 ± 0.82 kg) aged 4-5 years were allocated according to their weight and body condition score into two groups (34 animals / group) and as follows: 1. Group (T1): fed 135 g crude protein / day / animal. 2. Group (T2): fed 220 g crude protein / day / animal. The two groups were fed on experimental feeds 28 days prior to mating and 54 days after introduction of rams. These two groups were fed at the same levels of dry matter and ME intakes. Mature fertile Awassi rams (Three rams / group) were run within each group during mating period. The results of the experiment showed that the differences were not significant (P>0.05) in ewes' weights and body condition scores (BCS) at mating between the two groups. The BCS and weights at mating for supplemented groups were 2.62 and 2.65 and 54.33kg, 54.85 kg for groupsT1 and T2 respectively. However, there was a clear improvement in reproductive performance of ewes (T2) that fed on a high level of protein (220 g / day / animal). This group achieved a significant (P <0.05) improvement in the twining percentage (35%) whereas the group T1 that fed on the protein level (135 g crude protein / day / animal) had achieved a twining percentage (15%). Also group (T2) showed a significant improvement (P <0.05) in the lambing percentage compared to the first group (T1). The results of present experiment confirms the hypothesis which it is based upon this study that the amount of protein intake is a limiting factor for the twining rate of Awassi ewe which have high live weights and body condition score during Mating. This study indicate that there is likely to improve the performance of ewes reproductive Awassi are similar to the European sheep breeds by providing the nutrients required to meet their needs during mating stage.

Keywords

Awassi ewes Body condition score Protein intake reproductive performance

49

PRODUCTION AND PURIFICATION OF EXTRA CELLULAR LIPASE FROM PSEUDOMONAS CEPACIA AND STUDY THE PARTIALCHARACTERIZATION

Alyaa Maan Abdelhameed, Mohammed KH. Khudair, Minna S. Farmman

Pages: 436-450 English

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Abstract

Twelve isolates of Pseudomonas were obtained from thirty five(34%) from different species soil ,plants and river s water in al Muqdadia fields .Ability of lipase production by these isolates was screened Pseudomonas P5 was highest lipase producer identified as Pseudomonas cepacia . Lipase production conditions were studied .the highest production of lipase was observed when mineral medium containing 5% linseed oil inculcated with bacterial cells e ,ph 7.5 and incubated at40 c in shaking incubator120 r.p.m for 18 hr. Lipase was purified from bacterial cells by two steps including precipitation with ammonium sulfate and Ion exchange chromatography by DEAE- Sephadex-A25, fold of purification was 35 U\ml with 36.5% enzyme recovery . The effect of some metal ions on lipase activity was studied .The Ca+2 increased lipase activity to 150%. The effect of specific substances on enzyme activity was investigated ,The result showed that Tween80 raised lipase activity to 145%.

Keywords

characterization Inhibitors Pseudomonas cepacia Lipase enzyme

50

EFFECT OF TWO CHICKS WEIGHT ON SOME CHARACTERISTICS CARCASS OF COBB 700 BROILER AT AGE 42 DAYS 1- SOME CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS AND ITS LENGTHS

Bushra S. Zangana

Pages: 451-457 English

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Abstract

This study was carried out at the College of Agriculture – Baghdad University aiming the evaluation of two days old chicks weights 41.00 and 46.06g on carcass characteristics of broiler at age 42 day . The result obtained indicated the following :- It will be better in circumambient of breast , thigh ,body and breast fleshing , length of thigh bones and drumstic for chicks resultant from (H) comparison with (M) . There were consequential better in weight of cold carcasses and after frozen and thawing under temperature -18 c for carcass of birds resultant from (H) comparison with (M) . Predominant weights of the carcass main (breast , thigh , drumstic) and secondary cuts (neck , back , wing) after thawing for birds resultant from chicks (H) comparison with (M) with percent 8.41% and 6.96% respectively . It could be concluded that chicks (H) gives at 6 weeks carcass with pest characteristics like circumambient of breast , thigh also batter in body dimension and low of thawing loose comparison with chick (M)

Keywords

body lengths Carcass Characteristics chicks weights

51

EFFECT OF THE MAGNETIC WATER ON RUMEN KINETIC IN AWASSI RAMS .

Maher A. Al- Hafez, Nadia M. Al-shaar, Arf Qasem Al-habty

Pages: 458-464 English

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Abstract

This study was conducted at Animal production department farm\ College Agriculture and Forestry \ Univ. of Mosul. Nine Awassi rams with initial weights of 60-82 kg and 3 years of age, randomly divided into three groups. The first group (control) was given tap water, while the second and third groups were given magnetic water at level 700 and 1400 gauss respectively for 60 days of trail period .Samples were taken at the last week of the trail to study the effect of magnetic water on rumen liquor , growth of microscopic organisms ( bacteria and protozoa), rumen PH and ammonia . All groups were fed on the same unified ration during the trial period of day (60 days) roughages and concentrates. The result revealed a significant decreases( p≤ 0.05) in rumen PH at the level of 1400 gauss , and significant increases in the count of bacteria and protozoa for the behalf of second and third group , with non significant differences in ammonia concentration between the three groups . There were a significant differences( p≤ 0.05) at the time of samples withdrawn, the highest ammonia concentration was 5.34 mg/100ml of rumen liquor after 2 hours from feeding , and dropped to 1.31 mg/100ml after 4 hours from feeding . the study concluded that the magnetic water had a positive effect on rumen liquor which led to increase the bacteria and protozoa growth which may have a positive reflection on improving meat , and wool productivity in the future.

Keywords

Magnetic Water Rumen liquor Ruminants

52

THE ROLE OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF MANGANES AND BORON ON WATER STRESS FOR MAIZE ( Zea mays L.) 2. The Quantity and Quality characteristic for Plant

Hussein Aziz Mohammad, Yousif M. Abu-dahi

Pages: 465-479 English

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Abstract

This experiment was conducted in field of College of Agriculture – Univ. of Diyala in Baquba region in spring season 2011, to study the effect of water stress by using foliar application concentrations of each boron and Manganese on grain yield, biological yield, chlorophyll content, prolin and ABA content of Maize cultivar 5012. The layout of the experiments was Split- split plot design as RCBD with three replicates. The three concentration of spraying Manganese (0,25,50)mgMn.L-1added as Mn-EDTA(13%Mn) and used three concentration of spraying Boron (0,2,4) mgB.L-1 used Boric acid (17.4%B) and three period of irrigation after(25,50,75%) of available water . Folair fertilizer were applied at three time during of plant growth. Results drawn from these experiments are summarized as follows: Grain yield, biological yield and chlorophyll content increased with the increase in Manganese and Boron concentrations . The varieties differ significantly between Manganese levels and water stress levels in most of characters. Chlorophyll content increased with the interaction between water stress levels x Boron levels . Also the most of characters were significantly influenced by interaction between moisture levels x Manganese and boron concentrations .The two nutrient(Mn and B) do not effect in ABA content , ABA increase with water stress.

Keywords

ABA and biological yield Boric acid Mn-EDTA prolin Water stress

53

EFFECT OF CONCENTRATION AND SOURCE OF SUNFLOWER EXTRACT ON GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF SOME BREAD AND DSURUM WHEAT

Labeed Sh. Mohammed

Pages: 480-492 English

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Abstract

Two laboratory experiments were undertaken during 2011 in College of Agriculture – University of Tikrit to assess the effect of four concentration (0, 1,2,and 3%) of sunflower extract , and the effect of the concentration 3% of roots and leaves of sunflower on germination and seedling growth of two bread wheat varieties ( Shsm – 6 and Abu- Graib – 3)and two durum wheat varieties ( Dor -29 and Naama) . The electrical conductivity (Ec) of extracts were estimated . Twenty seeds of each variety were placed in Petri dishes and laid out in balanced group in split plot design with three replications. 10 ml of extracts were added to each Petri and the characters were estimated 2 weeks after planting . The results revealed that the Ec. Increased with increasing of extract concentration. The water imbibed and seed germination were decreased with the increasing of extract concentration . Analysis of data taken 2 weeks after planting showed that shoot and root length and their dry weight were increased in 1 and 2 % concentration and then significantly decreased in 3% concentration . The 3% of sunflower roots and leaves significantly inhibited the growth of shoot and root of wheat seedlings. Sunflower leaves extract inhibited growth more than root effect . The group of durum wheat varieties surpass the group of bread wheat in most characters studied .Dor – 29 was the best variety in all estimated characters .

Keywords

allelopathy bread wheat Durum Wheat

54

EFFICINCY OF SERIN AND NOMOLT AND COMBINATION WITH OILS AGAINST Aonidiella orientalis (NEWST.) AND Phyllocnistis citrella (STAINTON).

Sahil K. AL- Jameel, Salim J. Jarjees

Pages: 493-499 English

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Abstract

Field experiments were conducted on citrus trees infested by Aonidiella orientalis (Newst.) and Phyllocnistis citrella (STAINTON) in Mosul during 2007. Results indicated reduction in the rate of Aonidiella orientalis (Newst.) infestation. Treatments were in the following order: Serin + oil, Nomolt + oil , Serin and oil these treatments significantly decreased No. of nymph / leaflets to 0.90 ,1.10 ,1.45 and 2.50 nymph /leaf respectively after 14 days. The results indicated that treatments which combine by serin + oil give high efficiency against citrus leaf miner to reduce percentage and intensity of infestation. The treatments are descending order was as follows: Serin + oil ,Nomolt + oil, Serin and oil. Results were encouraging to introduces oils into Aonidiella orientalis (Newst.) and citrus leaf miner Phyllocnistis citrella (Stainton) control program either alone or in combination with insecticides.

Keywords

Aonidiella orientalis (Newst.) Citrus Tree . Meniral Oil Nomolt Phyllocnistis citrella (Stainton) Serin

55

EFFECTS OF DROUGHT OR REMOVED OF VEGETATIVE GROWTH STOPPING IRRIGATION AND CURING ON 3:- SOME STORABILITY CHARACTERSTICS OF POTATO TUBERS Solanum tuberosum L.

Sabeeh A. Al-Hamdany, Hammed Salih Hammad, Saad A. Al-muhammady

Pages: 500-514 English

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Abstract

The study were conducted at spring season , using potato tuber Solanum tuberosum L. var. Desiree . This potato tuber was planted after initiative processing and mechanical separated infection and damage Tubers on label ( 4.5 x 1.6 m ) .This experiment included eight treatments combined with removal vegetative growth and stop irrigation when pulling tubers as follows :- 1- Handling removal of vegetative growth with stopping irrigation before 22 days. from harvesting . 2- Handling removal of vegetative growth before 22 days with stopping irrigation before 11 days from harvesting . 3- Handling removal of vegetative growth before 22 days with stopping irrigation before 6 days from harvesting. 4- Dry out of vegetative growth by using Gramoxsone herbicide and stopping irrigation before 22 days from harvesting . 5- Dry out of vegetative growth by using Gramoxsone herbicide before 22 days with stopping irrigation before 11 days from harvesting . 6- Dry out of vegetative growth by using Gramoxsone herbicide before 22 days with stopping irrigation before 6 days from harvesting. 7- Dry out of vegetative growth by using basta substance before 17 days with stopping irrigation before 6 days from harvesting . 8- Leaving vegetative growth with out removing with stopping irrigation before 6 days from harvesting . The measurements of quality characteristics were conducted after tuber pulling, and then divided in to two groups ( for 8 field treatments) which weight 5 kg from each part stored in net plastic bags . The first part stored in cool immediately with out dry out treatment ( curing) in 0 ± 4 ◦C and humidity 85 ±5 % , Whereas the second part of treatments take For both parts to cool e place which dry out treatment in 10 – 15 ºC and Humidity 80 – 85 % for 15 days , then transported for both parts to cool store for three months , then transported to reconditioning ( represent marketing state) in( 31- 35 ºc) and Humidity ( 46-53 %) for ten days , therefor the study included 16 treatment , distributed in factorial experimental in three replicates according to R.C,B,D. design, means were compared according to L.S.D. test with 5% significant level . The results shows that field treatment Significant effect in stored characteristics under study . Whereas dry out treatment for vegetative growth in basta before 17 days with stop irrigation before six days from time of pulling out of tubers were superiority and increased the percentage for each dry matter and carbohydrates and starch as well as increased of quality density of tubers. Treatment of removal of vegetative growth by hand and stopping irrigation before 22 days from pulling out of tubers resulted to increase tubers hardness whereas the treatment of leaving vegetative growth with stopping irrigation before six days lead to increase the percentage of T.S.S. When investigated the effect of treatments by dry out (curing) in the end of storage , found the superiority of with out dry out lost, increased the hardness of tubers percentage of dry matter, carbohydrate ,starch and quality density and T.S.S.

Keywords

curing haulm desiccation Potato Solanum tuberosum L. stop irrigation

56

EFFECT OF FERTILIZERKIND AND SPRAYING EXTRACT OF RUBUS SANCTUS L EXTRACT ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF Cow pea.

Hammed Salih ALobadi, Raad O. Mahmood, Ebtisam I. AL-Rubaeiy

Pages: 515-522 English

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Abstract

This experiment was conducted during 2011 to study the effect of chemical fertilizer, poultry manure and extraction of wild Rubus sanctus L fruit. On growth and yield of cow pea L.cv. Zaden. The fertilization of poultry and chemical fertilizer resulted in higher result in comparison with control treatment in vegetative growth parameters (eaves number/plant, plant height, leaves area/plant, leaves chlorophyll content as increasing of poultry fertilization than chemical fertilization was not significant just in plant height. Plant yield increased when poultry and chemical fertilization in comparison with control treatment (pos number, seeds number/pod, pod height). The increasing in plant pods yield spraying with wild Rubus sanctus fruit extraction resulted in increasing of vegetative growth parameter (leave number/plant, plant height, leaves area/plant, chlorophyll content) when comparison with no spraying due to this increasing was not significant just in plant height parameter. Same results were obtained in yield(yield plant, pods number/plant, seeds number/pod and pod height).the increasing was significant in all parameter but seeds number/pod parameter. the interaction between fertilization type and spraying with wild Rubus sanctus L fruit extraction resulted in (leaves number/plant, plant height, leaves area/plant, chlorophyll content in leaves). Interaction between chemical fertilization and wild Rubus sanctus L fruit extraction resulted in high height number( plant yield, pods/ number, seeds number/pod pod high)

Keywords

Plant Fertilization Spraying extract wild berry

57

STUDY OF SOME PHYSICAL AND HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES OF SOIL UNDER DIFFERENT POWING SYSTEMS IN ARID AGRICULTURE

Hesham Mahmoud Hassan, Moatasim Daood Soliman

Pages: 523-531 English

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Abstract

Field experiment was conducted to study the effect of deferent farming systems such as subsoiler plow ( with distance of 5and 10 meter between lines of plows) to break the hard layer of the subsurface ,also the disk plow was used to compare that with unplowed soil on some physical and hydraulic properties of the clay soil . During the four months of this study January , February , March and April (2009-2010) (2010-2011) soil moisture content in the best condition (February) did not reach middle value of an available water . High moisture contents were found under the soil of subsoiler ( at 5 and 10 cm row) ,disk plow and then at unplowing soil . On the other hand , the data of the hydrological season during October – April indicated that calculated potential evapotranspiration were higher than twice of precipitation . Also , the calculated equivalent depth of the soil moisture content during the study period, were almost quarter of the saturated moisture content which may indicate a clear water deficit and hence of scarcity of water runoff and the ground water recharge.

Keywords

Evapotranspiration Precipitation Soil moisture content subsoiler plow Water deficit .

58

EFEECT OF WATER QUALITY AND SOIL TEXTURE ON SOME PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES.

Alaa Saleh Ati, Baha A. Al-Hameed

Pages: 532-543 English

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Abstract

To study and know the effect of irrigation water quality texture on SAR, ESP in the soil on some of soil physical properties and its effect on population of soil microorganism. So that Lab experiment was conducted by using soil samples collected from the surface soil 0.0-0.3 m depth from the field of Agriculture College –Abu grab. Soil air dried and sieved ، 5 k.gm of soil was placed in open side's plastic pipes. The experiment included 4 levels of salt water W1, W2, W3 W4 which were 0.8 ,1.8,2.8,8 dS.m-1 respectively and two texture of soil which were SIL ,SICL with four replicates .CRD design was used saline soil were made through out the addition saline water to the columns of soil . Soil EC was measured through T1, T2, T3, T4 period which were 20,40,60,80 days respectively. ESP, SAR, modulus of rupture, hydraulic conductivity was measured and total bacteria and fungi population was counted. Results showed that SAR value was raised in SiL, SiCL soil with increase of water salinity at W1, W2, W3, W4 treatments which gave significant values 13.6, 14.5, 15, 15.4 mmol.L½ in SiCL soil. While the SiL soil gave decrease values which they were 10.8, 12, 12.5, 13.2 mmol.L½ for the above treatments respectively. also ESP gave these values 15.6,17.5 , 19.5, 20.1 for SiCL soil during T1, T2,T3, T4, period respectively while water quality gave ESP values which were 16.5 ,17.7 19, 19.27 for W1, W2, W3, W4, treatments respectively. the mean of modules of raptures were increased for SiCL during the differences of incubation times which records T1,T2,T3,T4 treatments the values were 171,211,249,282 Kpas respectively. While water quality treatments gave 177, 209, 244, 284. Kpas. For W1, W2, W3, W4 treatments respectively. in the SiCL soil were significant decrease of total bacterial population with the differences of water quality which gave W1,W2,W3,W4 treatments CFU values 147 , 67,45, 30 (106) respectively . when the total of fungi population were 68.7, 45.7,30,13 (104) for W1, W2, W3, W4 treatments respectively so that through these results we can say using irrigation with water at high salinity for long time or period the soil structure will be at abed physical properties so that hydraulic conductivity will be very low and anaerobic condition will decrease fungi and bacterial population, organic matter will decrease therefore plant growth will failed.

Keywords

ESP hydraulic conductivity and fungi and bacteria population modules of rapture SAR soil texture Water quality

59

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF BIOFERTILIZER Trichoderma harzianum IN SOME THERMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS OF POTASSIUM.

Thuraya Khalaf Badawi

Pages: 544-553 English

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Abstract

The Purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of biofertilizer fungus T. harzianum in some thermodynamic parameters of potassium, include activated and activity coefficient ,free energy ∆F , and proportion activity of potassium to activate of calcium and magnesium A . This experiment was conducted in factored experiment which used pots and (Vigna radiate L.) as indicator , plant which planted in sandy clay loam soil . This experiment included 10 treatments , resulted from interaction between factors of sterilized and unsterilized soil , with five levels of inoculums fungi 0.0 , 0.5 , 1.0 , 2.0 , and 3.0 g. in three replicates . The soil samples were taken in two periods the first one before planted , which included soil physical and chemical estimate of some thermodynamics parameters of potassium analysis , valuated the potassium thermodynamic standard , where as the second one was carried out after planted. The results were as follows . significant difference of unsterilized soil comparing with sterilized soil which increased the activity coefficient of potassium to 0.82 and 0.78 respectively, and significant results of unsterilized soil in 3.0 g level comparing of the other treatments which increased the factor of potassium activity to 0.83 . Significant difference of unsterilized soil comparing with sterilized soil , which increased the activity coefficient , and significant difference of potassium were 36.40 , 26.56 mol/L respectively and significant difference of fertilizer levels, to 2.0 , 3.0 g comparing with other fertilization levels of increased the potassium coefficient . Whereas the interaction which significant difference of two treatment of unfertilized soil and two levels fertilizations 2.0 , 3.0 g. comparing with the other treatment were 43.48 , 42.97 mol - L⎯ respectively. The sterilized soil lead to increase the value of negative free energy, comparing with unfertilized soil were −5700 and −5150 cal.mol⎯ respectively. Appearing significant difference between fungus concentrations on free exchange energy values. which were significant difference of two levels 2.0 , 3.0 g comparing with fertilized levels which decreased negative values of free energy exchange of potassium which were −4100 and −4000 cal.mol¯ respectively .As for interaction were significant s of two treatments of unsterilized soil in 2.0 and 3.0 g comparing with the other treatment which were −3900 and −3600 cal.mol¯. The value of ARK were decreased after planted in both sterilized and unsterilized soil to 0.40 and 0.47 mol.L - Respectively, which decreased in unsterilized soil was slightly , comparing with the values of ARK before planted 0.49 mol.L½ were the average of activity ionic of potassium for biofertilized 0.0-3.0 ( 0.37 - 0.51 ) mol.L⎯ ½ respectively .This results of chemical movement voltage of potassium related to chemical movement voltage calcium and magnesium ions in soil . The average of ARK which relatively high values , indicate that proportion of potassium activity to magnesium and calcium were very high . The fertilized by T.harzianum increased potassium contents comparing with calcium and magnesium.The higher values of ARK 0.55 mol.L⎯ ½ resulted from interaction for the soil unsterilized soils in the fifth level of biofertilizer 3.0 g.

Keywords

Biofertilizer Some stander of potassium thermodynamic T.harzianum fungus

60

RESPONSE OF TWO VARIETIES OF SUN FLOWERS CULTIVATED IN TWO DESERT SOIL TO FERTILIZATION WITH ZINC.

Fawzi M. Al-Hamdani

Pages: 554-565 English

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Keywords

Desert soil response Sunflower yield Zinc fertilizers

61

EARLINESS IN MANY GENOTYPES OF COTTON

Layla I. Mohammed, Saad F. Hassan, Abed M. Ahmed

Pages: 566-580 English

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Abstract

A field experiment was carried out during 2008-2009 at the experimental field of the Dept. of Field Crop / College of Agriculture / Abu-Graib, to evaluate genotypes, with higher yield capacity and measuring of ealiness in cotton. However estimate of heterosis. Seventeenth genotypes of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) included Cocker-310, Abu-Graib, Dise, Marsoomi-5, Lashata, 113, Pamair, Kafco, Ashur-1, Macneer, Rabeaa-122, Pac- cot-189, Marsoomi-4, W888, 4447, 4435 and 4200 were crossed, during the season of 2008. The traits for 79 single crosses and 17 parents were tested during 2009 using RCBD with three replications. Significant differences were found among genotypes (parents and crosses) for all characteristics studied. The parents 4200 and 4447 attained highest seed cotton yield (104.77 and 98.83 g.plant-1 respectively), also, crosses (Macneer x Marsoomi-5 ) and (Kafco x 113) were gave higher seed cotton yield (112.19 and 109.23 g.plant-1, respectively) for giving highest no. of sympodials. The parent Marsoomi-4 and the crosses (4200xKafco and KafcoxRabeea-122) showed better of earliness (62.49, 78.67 and 75.27%, respectively), the first cross gave highest positive value and significant hybrid vigor (111.13%) . However, Cross (Kafco x 4435) showed high hybrid vigor of seed cotton yield (42.25%). It can be concluded that no single trait for measuring earliness, that is depend on growing season in target area. Some genotypes showed high hybrid vigor, so that indicate to be resources for non additive effects for breeding program to produce early hybrid cotton.

Keywords

earliness genotypes Hybrid vigor seed cotton yield.

62

EFFECT OF BULB SIZE AND CHEMICAL FERTILIZATION ON GROWTH, FLOWERING AND BULBS PRODUCTION OF Iris hollandica

Abd-alrahman A. Alsheikly

Pages: 581-592 English

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Abstract

A study was conducted on Iris hollandiaca Var. Prof. Blaauw to investigate the effectively of 5 bulb sizes (3-4, 4-5, 5-6, 6-7, 7-8)cm and 4 levels of compound chemical fertilizer NPK (0, 50, 100, 150)ppm on the following characters: number of days to flowering , flower diameter , plant height , stem diameter , fresh weight of the flowering stem, vase life, weight of the new bulb, number of bulblets and weight of bulblets . The results showed a significant effect of bulb size on all characters studied, chemical fertilization had a significant effect on number of days to flowering, stem-diameter, fresh weight of the flowering stem and number of bulblets and its weights. There was no significant effects due to interactions between the two factors studied except the number of bulblets produced.

Keywords

Bulb size Chemical fertilization Iris hollandiac

63

EFFECT OF CRUED EXTRACTS FOR CINNAMUM (Cinnamum zeylaicum), SYZYGIUM (Syzygium aromaticum) AND THYMUS (Thymus vulgaris) ON GROWTH OF Aspergillus flavus WHICH PRODUCE AFLATOXIN B1

Hadi Alwan Al-saidy, Yaser M. Al-qrtani, Najm Abdullah Al-Zubaidy

Pages: 593-602 English

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Abstract

This study was carried at College of Education for Pure Science – Diyala university during 15-3-2011 to 20-6-2012, it had been used plant extracts of Cinnamon (Cinnamon zylanicum), Syzygium (Syzygium aromaticum) and Thymus (Thymus vulgaris).Four different methods of extraction to test their efficacy to inhibit growth of Aspergillus flavus which produces aflatoxin B1, Results of this study showed that the activity of plant extracts For Cinnamum, Syzygium and Thymus against Aspergillus flavus Which produced aflatoxin B1, Hexanes extract for Cinnamum and Syzygium and Thymus achieved a higher percentage of inhibition 100% at 110, 250 and 250 µg/ml. Also alcoholic extracts inhibited A. flavus at 220 , 500 and1000 µg\ml with 100% inhibition percentage ,Cold water extracts at 1250 , 850 , 1250 µg\ml concentration gave a higher percentage of inhibition 100% , Hot water extracts at 1300 ,1100 and1350 µg\ml concentrations respectively (Cinnamum , Syzygium , Thymus) gave percentage of inhibition 100% . Also the results showed that the hexanes extracts for Cinnamum, Syzygium and Thymus were the best extracts in inhibition growth of A. flavus which produces aflatoxin B1 when they compared with other extracts. The average of inhibition concentrations to A. flavus from hexanes extracts was 203 µg\ml , and the average of inhibition concentrations of growth A. flavus from hexanes extracts was 166 µg\ml with inhibiting percentage 57% while the average of inhibition concentrations to A. flavus from alcoholics extracts was 573 µg\ml ,So the average of inhibition concentrations of growth A. flavus from alcoholics extracts was 360 µg\ml with inhibiting percentage 47.8% , The average of inhibition concentrations to A. flavus from cold water extracts was 1116.6 µg\ml ,and the average of inhibition concentrations of growth A. flavus from cold water extracts was 933 µg\ml with inhibiting percentage 60% .at last hot water extracts the average of their inhibition concentration to A. flavus was 1250 µg\ml and average of inhibition concentrations of growth A. flavus was 1166.6 µg\ml with inhibiting percentage 52.84% .So the results showed most active antifungal against A. flavus at 100 µg\ml concentration with inhibiting percentage 100% was Ketocanazol when it comparison with a highest inhibiting percentage for antifungal Flucanazol in which was 37.8% against A. flavus at 100 µg\ml concentration.

Keywords

Aflatoxin B1and Growth Characterization. Aspergillus flavus Cinnamum Plants extracts Syzygium Thymus

64

RESPONSE OF PEA CULTIVARS TO SPRAYING WITH SEAWEED EXTRACTS

Abdulraheem S. Mohammed

Pages: 603-617 English

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Abstract

A field experiment was conducted in the growing season 2010/2011 in two different districts : Al-Rashidya and Al-Salihya/Ninevah , to study the effect of spraying seaweed extract "kelp 40" at 2ml/l , (0, once and twice) on four pea cultivars namely : Spring , Petit Provencal, Mammoth Melting and Thomas Laxton. Results indicated that "kelp 40" affected significantly stem length , No. branches/plant, chlorophyll content, pods/plant, seeds/pod, dry seeds yield, some seeds quality parameters and seeds mineral content in the two districts. Results also showed that twice foliar applications with 2ml/l of kelp40 gave the highest dry seed yield 1928.30 , 2134.80 kg/ha in the two districts respectively. Mammoth Melting cultivar gave the highest dry seeds yield 2881.48, 3021.92kg/ha , in Al-Rashidya and Salihya districts respectively. Results indicated that spraying twice with kelp 40 gave the highest value in the protein, carbohydrate and TSS in Salihya district , 25.08% , 7.437 Microgram/gm dry weight and 14.50% respectively as compared with Rashidya district . Also the same treatment gave highest value of mineral concentrations as follow: 4.012% N, 0.470% P, 2.924%K, 0.352%Ca, 0.337%Mg, and 0.019%Fe as compared with Al-Rashidya district. Generally plants grown in Al-Salihya district gave higher mean values of studied characteristics than those grown in Al-Rashidya district.

Keywords

cultivars Foliar fertilization Kelp40 Pea Seaweed extracts

65

IDENTIFICATION AND MOLECULAR STUDIES ON Cucumber mosaic VIRUS IN IRAQ

Mostafa Ali Adhab, Kareem Abdallah Hassan, Mohammed Mahmood Salman, Rakib A. Al-Ani

Pages: 618-627 English

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Abstract

The objective of the study is to characterize new strain of Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV), based on symptoms on indicator plants, serological characteristics and the molecular weight of virus coat proteins on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Leaves from symptomatic cucumber plants were extracted with 0.01 M phosphate buffer and mechanically inoculated on cucumber plants, and those exhibited mosaic symptoms were used as virus source. A number of indicator plants were mechanically inoculated with an extract of symptomatic leaves. The virus was extracted and purified from cucumber infected plants. Samples from pure virus preparation were analyzed on polyacrylamide gel containing SDS by electrophoresis. A part of symptomatic leaves was treated with anti-CMV polyclonal antibodies by Immunocromatography. Results showed that the virus induced chlorotic local lesions on the inoculated leaves of Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi, and mosaic on beans. A precipitation line was appeared on the Immunostrip treated with symptomatic leaf extracts, this line is absent on immunostrip treated with asymptomatic leaves. The analysis of purified virus and on SDSpolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed two protein bands of 24 and 26 Kd. These results indicate that the virus under study is CMV. The responded of N. tabacum Xanthi to virus inoculation by chlorotic lesions, and the apparition of 2 protein bands on acrylamide gel representing the molecular weights of virus coat protein indicates a new strain of CMV in Iraq.

Keywords

Cucumber mosaic virus Gel electrophoresis Immunostrip

66

CONTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURAL PERSONNEL IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION BUSINESS IN THE PROVINCE OF NINEVEH AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH SOME FACTORS

Luma Monther Idriss

Pages: 628-636 English

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Abstract

The research aims to determining the level of contribution of agricultural personnel in agricultural extension and business Mamdy contribution of agricultural personnel in business and agricultural extension activities in the province of Nineveh, by order of priority and find a correlation between the extent of the contribution of agricultural personnel for the realization of the agricultural extension and some of the factors surveyed. For the purpose of obtaining data for research farmed questionnaire consisted of two parts: the first with the information on the sample, and the second part included a vertebrae by (23) paragraph to measure the level of contribution of agricultural personnel to work of agricultural extension, and after making sure of honesty virtual scale was measured steadiness way retail midterm. The search included all employees guidance agricultural people the Agricultural Directorate of Agriculture Nineveh's (175) employees agricultural distributors twenty-one Division, including the Division of Agriculture Center, where I took a simple random sample of them (50%) of the respondents, Results showed that about (51%) of the sample contribute an effective contribution to the business and most heavily agricultural extension, also got paragraph(help farmers in the order of their problems by priority), (identify the training needs of farmers). terms considered these paragraphs of the most important paragraphs In practice, the most heavily agricultural extension belonging to farmers in order to develop and improve its production to fit behind the developed world. The results suggest the existence of correlation between the contribution of agricultural personnel to work agricultural extension and between age what assets they have the expertise of a scientific and practical in their field, as well as showed no correlation between the contribution of agricultural personnel to work agricultural extension in Nineveh province and between each of the (scientific degree, origination, office, specialty, and the duration of the extension service).

Keywords

agricultural extension business) Contribution of agricultural personnel

67

RESPONAS OF GROWTH CHARACTERSTICS AND YIELD OF POTATO FERTILIZED WITH ORGANIC MATTER TO THE SPRAY OF FE AND ZN

Jawad Taha Mhmood

Pages: 637-647 English

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Abstract

A Field experiment was conducted in a private field at Al- Latyfia region ( 40 km. south Baghdad ) during spring season 2012, to study the effect of spraying of Fe ( 100 mg.l-1) and Zinc ( 60 mg.l-1) at different stages of potato growth on some vegetative growth characteristics and total tuber yield of potato fertilized with organic matter. Randomized Complete Block Design was adopted with three replications. Results showed that spray potato plants with Fe + Zn gave the highest values of plant branches ( 2.54 ), plant height ( 83.70 cm ), dry weight vegetative part ( 2.671 T.ha-1) and total tuber yield ( 34.48 T.ha-1). Spring potato plant at bulking growth stage gave highest values of plant branch ( 2.34), plant height ( 77.14 cm), dry weight part vegetative ( 2.291 T.ha-1) and total tuber yield ( 28.97 T.ha-1).

Keywords

Ferrous growth stage Zinc and potato

68

EFFECT OF SALINE IRRIGATION WATER AND TEA RESIDUE ON SOME PROPERTIES OF SANDY LOAM SOIL AND GROWTH OF CORN (Zea mays , L).

Salah Mahdi Al–Atab, Ibtisam A. Al- Rasslani, Wafaa A. Ahmed

Pages: 648-658 English

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Abstract

Experiment was carried out on Albarjsea sandy loam soil south of Iraq from surface layer 0 - 30 cm in plastic container to study four type of irrigation water (Shutt Al-Arab water , Braine water , mixing with Shutt Al-Arab water by volume 1:1 and 1:2 ) and added tea residue as soil conditioner at two level T1 and T2 by added 1 and 2% maxing with soil by weight respectively. Water movement to up by capillary action and down by saturated hydraulic conductivity was study . Five corn seeds were sown in 2/3/2009. Result showed that added of tea residue led to significant increase in capillary action and decrease down water movement .Also result showed that there is significant different in soil salinity of irrigated soils in end of experiment the EC value had 2.36 , 2,46, 2.83 and 4.60 dS m-1 for treatment Shutt Al-Arab water , 1:1 , 1:2 and Braine water respectively. Also addition of Tea residue led to improvement of soil properties and reflected positively on dry weight and higher of plant.

Keywords

artificial water Saline irrigation water Tea residue

69

THE EFFECT OF IRON, NITROGEN AND IRRIGATION ON YIELD OF FLAX (linum usitatissimum L. )

Ahmed Y. Hassan, Ayad T. SHAKER

Pages: 659-669 English

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Abstract

A field experiment of flaxseed was carried out during the growing season of 2011-2012 at agriculture field Mosul University in clay soil. The experimental design was split-split plot design with using the RCBD with three replicates. Irrigation treatments occupied the main plot (Rainfall and integral irrigation). Nitrogen fertilizer (0, 100, 200)Kg N/h occupied the subplots, while the iron treatments (0. 5, 1, 1. 5)% Fe occupied the sub-sub plots. The results showed increasing nitrogen fertilizer levels to 200kg N/h significantly increased in all characters except oil percentage decreased with increase levels of nitrogen. Iron fertilizer gave at 1. 5% Fe significantly increased in number capsules / plants and seed yield/ plant and seed yield / h, while 1% Fe gave significantly increased of percentage of oil in seed and oil yield/ h. integral irrigation gave significantly increase the number capsules / plant, seed yield /h, oil percentage and oil yield/h. The second order interactions between different factors show significantly differences in the studied characters. Concluded of this study of the flax crop sensitive to water stress and need to provide humidity containing ready for absorption from soil, also it is response highly effect to nitrogen and iron fertilizer in increase seed yield and oil.

Keywords

Iron irrigation linseed nitrogen

70

EFFECT OF NITROGEN AND IRON AT TOW LEVELS OF FIELD CAPASITY ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF LINSEED (Linum usitatissimumL) .

Ahmed Y. Hassen, Ayad T. SHAKER

Pages: 670-681 English

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Abstract

Pots experiment of linseed was carried out during the winter growing season of 2011-2012 at Mosul university in clay soil. The experimental design was factorial experiment using CRD with three replicates. To study the two levels of field capacity (50%, 75%), three levels of nitrogen (0, 100, 200) kg N/h and three levels of iron (ferrous sulphat) (0.5, 1, 1.5)% Fe.The results showed That increasing nitrogen fertilizer levels to 200kg N/h, iron at 1.5% Fe and the containing Moisture of soil 75% of field capacity significantly increase in plant height (cm), number of branches/plant, number of leaves/ plant, number of capsules/plant and seeds yield/plant (g). Also the highestvalue of number of seeds/capsules when plants treated with 200kg N/h 1% Fe fertilized and the containing moisture of soil 50% of field capacity. The second order interactions between different factors show significantly differences in the studied characters. This study Concluded that the flax crops sensitive to water stress and need to provide humidity containing ready for absorption from soil, also it responses highly effect to nitrogen and iron fertilizer in increase seed yield.

Keywords

nitrogen; iron; field capacity; linseed

71

ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FUNGI FROM INFECTED MILK SAMPLES OBTAINED FROM CATTLES WITH MASTITIS AND STUDING THE ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF ROSEMARY ETHANOLIC EXTRACT AGAINST THE MAIN STRAINS .

Aseel Ibrahim Al-Ameed

Pages: 1-13 English

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Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to isolate and identification fungi from the samples of cows milk with mastitis, the samples were collected during the period between February- April 2009 in the Abu-Ghraib zone. Material: In the present study a 100 samples of mastitis cows milk was collected. Results: Eighty samples (80%) were showed positive fungal infections, of which 78.75% (63 samples) was yeast and 21.25% (17 samples) was molds. The main strains which were isolated and responsible about high percentage of infection were the followings, Candida albicans25%. Geotrichumcandidum20%, Rhizopusspp.17.5%, and other species which include, Candidaspp.11.25%, Sacchromycescerevisiae11.25%, Candida tropicalis7.5%, Cryptococcus neoformans2.5%, Penicillium spp. 2.5%, Rodotorula spp. 1.25% and Aspergillus terreus1.25%, while 20 samples showed a negative results. Rosemary ethanolic extract showed a different antifungal activity aginst the main strains of isolates (C.albicans, Sacch. cerevisiae, Geot. candidum, Asp.terreus, and Rhizopusspp). There was an inhibition zone of using extract in a concentration of 200mg/ml on the growth of C.albicans, Geot. candidumand Sacch. cerevisiae, while a concentration of l00mg/ml of the extract was effective only against Sacch.cerevisiae. The extract showed antifungal activity against the growth of Asp. terreusin all concentrations, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of l0mg/ml, in contrast, the extract had no effect on the growth of Rhizopusspp. in low concentration (10, 20 mg/ml) and only a concentration of 40, 80 mg/ml showed a minimal effect compared with the antifungal drug (Clotrimazole). Conclusion: The presence of yeasts and molds in cows milk indicate that the mycotic mastitis may be occurred in association with bacterial mastitis. Rosemary ethanolic extract had an antifungal activity most probably due to the presence of some compounds (α-Pinene, Bornyl acetate, Camphor and 1,8Cineole) that responsible about this property.

Keywords

Fungi Rosemary ethanolic extract. Samples of mastaticcows milk