Thi-Qar University Journal for Agricultural Researches

Morbidity rate with severity of infection was recorded in 405 carp fish ,124 in the first station,143 in the
station and 138 in the third station in the fish laboratory in college of Agriculture ,theqar university, The
results revealed presence of 14 type of external parasites,tow types of them are recorded at the first
time in carp fish in Iraq asahost for which, included asingle type of protozoa which carry cilia
(Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet, 1876). the study recorded 13 type of monogenodea of single origin
and it was noticed appositive relationship between water temperature and the increased of morbidity
rate and severity of infection by some external parasite but there was a reverse relation between the
increased concentration of dissolved salts and morbidity and severity of infection with parasites and it
was significant1(p<0.01)1during1the1studied1period. >

This study was conducted in the poultry field belonging to the Department of Animal Production at
the College of Agriculture at Al-Muthanna University for the period from 10/25/2017 to 12/5/2017 to
know the effect of using a82queous extract of nettle leaves on some microbial characteristics of
broilers. In this experiment, 240 chicks were used. From broiler strain (Ross308), one day old, with an
average weight of (43) gm, it was randomly distributed into four parameters, at 60 chicks per
treatment, with three replications for each treatment, 20 chicks/repetition, and was raised in fourstory batteries, each floor contains a cage With an area of 1.5 * 1 square meter. The experimental
treatments included: the first treatment, T1, the control treatment, without any addition. As for the
other treatments (T2, T3, and 4 T), the aqueous extract of nettle leaves was added to it in three
concentrations (10, 15, 20) ml/liter of drinking water, respectively. The results of the study showed
that there was a significant decrease (P≤0.03) in the logarithmic numbers of both total aerobic and
coliform bacteria, with a significant increase (P≤0.03) in the logarithmic numbers of lactobacilli in the
duodenum, jejunum, and ileum in favor of the aqueous extract of discoid leaves compared to the
control treatment.

This study was conducted to investigate the incidence of Pasteurella multocida in buffaloes in south of Iraq. A total 393 of
different ages and sexes, were clinically examined. Nasal swabs and blood samples were taken . Enrich and Selective medias
,biochemical tests and Gram stain were used. also used antibiotic susceptibility. All positive cases confirmed by polymerase
chain reaction with specific primer to P. multocida then use specific primers to detect P.multocida A,B. Also use specific
primers to detect some virulence gene (pfhA ; nanH ; ompA ; hgbA) .Prevalence of P. multocida types in marshes area which it
appear 35 samples 35% to type A and it significant variation at (P≤0.05) than types (B) which found 65 samples 65 % also it
significant variation. Capsular typing of 100 isolates in marshes appeared 35 (35%) to type A , 65 (65 %) to type B with
significantly variation between types . Distribution of virulence- genes appeared 75 (75%) to ompA , hgbA 59 (59 %) , nanH
46 ( 46 %) and pfhA 33(33%) with significantly variation between genes .No significant variation of prevalence of virulencegenes between infected and non-infected. Also prevalence of Pasteurella multocida virulence- genes which it appear
49(74.2%);26(76.4%)to ompA , 41(62.1), 18(52.9) to hgbA ; 27(40.9), 19(55.9) to nanH and 20(30,3) ,13(38.3) to pfhA for
diseased and non diseased respectively .Prevalence of P.multocida virulence- genes appeared 25(71.4); 50(76.9); to ompA ,
18(51.4), 41(63.1); to hgbA ; 16(45), 30(47.6) to nanh and 16(45.7) , 17(27.0); to pfhA for type A and type B respectively.
The antibiotics susceptibility of 52 isolated which from 25 type B , 25 type A and showed that : Cefotaxime , Cefitrixone,
Azithromycin and Tilmicosin founded 100% susceptibility ,followed by Chloromphinocol as 96-92%, Tetracycline 40-32%
while Ampicilline32-28 %.
Conclusions of present study are : P. multocida endemic in buffaloes in south of Iraq. Recoded of virulence genes of P.
multocida in buffaloes in Iraq. Cefotaxime , Cefitrixone, Azithromycin and Tilmicosin are the best choice to treatment. PCR
assay is best technique to diagnosis and detect.

Ciprofloxacin (CPX) is one of the most frequently used fluoroquinolone drugs used in treatment of infections
caused by gram negative microbes. The currant aim of this study to ensure the defense action of misoprostol (MP)
against undesirable effect induced by ciprofloxacin. Thirty white male rats were divided into three equal groups
(first group: control group, second group: Ciprofloxacin group, which given ciprofloxacin at a dose 100mg/kg/day
orally for 14 days, and third group: ciprofloxacin and misoprostol group, which given combination of ciprofloxacin
at a dose 100mg/kg/day orally and misoprostol at a dose 200µg/kg/day orally for 14 days. After 14 day of treated,
the rats were scarified, blood taken for measured RBC count, HB concentration, platelet number. WBC count and
liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP). The results indicated a significant decrease (p < 0.05) of RBC, Hb, platelets and WBC
in male rats treated with CPX compared with control group, also liver enzymes were increased significantly (p <
0.05) in CPX group compared with control group, while co-administration of misoprostol with CPX administration
produce improving effects on hematological parameters and liver enzymes when compared with first and second
group.

The present study was conducted at laboratory of Genetic Engineering at the University of Basrah from
01/04/2017 to 01/08/2018. The aim of study was identify genetic variations and SNPs in mtDNAcytb; among
Holstein, Local Iraqi cattle and their crosses. The primer used in this study amplified 1139-bp fragments from cytb
gene. The results showed the presence of 3, 12 and 2 polymorphic sites leading to the construction of 3different
haplotypes for Holstein, local and crosses respectively. Haplotype and nucleotide diversity were (0.275; 0.00047),
(0.417, 0.00068), and (0.733, 0.00686) respectively. Neighbor-joining trees were constructed using 34 samples
showed that all studied cattle appeared into haplotype 1(H1), while Holstein also appeared in H5 and H6 (with
different two or one bases respectively). Local breed included in H2 and H3 (with one different base), the crosses
in H4(with 11 different bases). AMOVA showed that variation within breed (between individuals was higher
(65.35%) than between breeds (34.65%). Neutrality test both Tajima's D and Fu’s Fs revealed that Holstein
recorded the highest negative values (-1.67053 and -0.24213 respectively). Whereas, the crosses cattle recorded
positive values (1.31709 and 6.05664 respectively). The local breed showed positive and negative values near to
zero (-0.93613 and 0.01635 respectively). It can be concluded from these results that Iraqi local breeds showed
high genetic variability and totally differ from other breeds in the world.

The plant of water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipesis an abundant floating aquatic weed that has great potential for reproduction
in Iraq especially at Thi-Qar governorateat last years, So the study was conducted on plant at three different regions to know
the differences on some phenotypic characters are ( plant high , root longs , number of leaves , leaf area and the fresh and the
dry weights of leaves ) . The results were revealed a clear difference at plant high , root longs , number of leaves , leaf area ,
fresh and dry weights of plant shoots , also concentrations of chlorophyll , carotenoids , carbohydrates and proteins were
estimated . It was found that a clear difference on the concentrations of the components that were studied .
The ability of plant for extraction and accumulation of some heavy metals ( Pb , Cd , Cu , Zn and Mn ) and its concentrations on
plant tissues , water and soils were studied . The results were showing that , concentrations of heavy metals ranged between(
0.32 – 25.24 ) mg / gm on the plant tissues , whereas ranged between ( 0.09 – 2.40) mg /l on water and ranged betwee ( 0.53 –
26.66 ) mg / gm on plant soil . From the results , it was noticed that , the high concentration of lead and the low concentration
of cadmium .

The study was conducted to investigate the distribution of Pasteurella multocida in marsh buffaloes in south of Iraq
and effect of environmental changes on distribution of Pasteurella multocida. A total 393 buffaloes of different ages
and sexes, from May/2017 to April/2018, were clinically examined. Enrich and Selective medias ,biochemical test
and Gram stain were used. All positive cases confirmed by polymerase chain reaction with specific primer to P.
multocida. Statistically the distribution of P. multocida in infected buffalos (28%) were significantly higher than
non-infected (14%).some buffalos with the clinical sings of hemorrhagic septicemia (HS). While other buffaloes
showed clinical finding of Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and other appeared normally. The isolation recorded in
male 26% and in female 25%The number of infected buffaloes under one year of age(32.8%) showed significantly
higher than 1-2 year (19.6%) and adult animal(18.9%). The distribution rate were 25.3% , 24.4 %,26.4% in Basrah.
Dhi Qar, Misan respectively but there were no significantly variation between Provinces .Also The lower percentage
of isolation in October /2017 (9%). and highest in February /2018 (37%), Significant correlations between
distribution rates and mean of temperature at (P≤0.01) level but its non-significantly correlations between
distribution rates and mean of humidity. We describe the P.multocida endemic in marsh buffaloes in south of Iraq,
under 1 year old are more prone to P. multocida. There were a significant negative correlations between distribution
rates and mean of temperatures