Iraqi Journal For Economic Sciences

Construction of infrastructure is necessary for the interests of the national economy, because the creation of economic and social development projects in any given country depends on the availability of appropriate infrastructure where its multiple services provide benefits to all projects, thus increasing the possibility of the success of these projects and continue its economic activities. For example, in Industrial Projects where there is aprovision of ports, bridges, roads, means of transportation, gas and oil stations and electricity it will contribute in industrial settlement and thus creating big industrial cities and centers. In addition, the provision of these new means of air, land and Sea transportation contribute in facilitating the exchanging and transfer of goods among cities and countries which resulted in establishing different commercial centers. Not to mention also that the provision of irrigation channels, drainage networks, water treatment plants and desalination contribute to the establishment of agricultural projects. In Iraq, as a result of inefficiency in the management of financial resources as well as non-diversified, financial and administrative corruption, lack of security and political stability of the work of the private sector and foreign investors, we find that the infrastructure were not of the level that achieves productive investments, which serve the development in the Iraqi economy, and therefore other means had to be available contribute to the development of infrastructure, for example (BOT – Build Operate and transfer ) a form of partnership of the public sector with the private sector

The subject of Arab Investment abroad, and how to return them to the Arab countries, Was given a great interest by economists and specialists, Specially because of the value and the volume of these investment are very large, and incase of relocation and employment in the Arab countries, they can achieve such rates of economic growth and development of an unprecedented.

Study seeks to try to extrapolate and predict reality and specifications of the historical evolutionary phase that will come after the current phase of globalization. It ranks among the studies of future studies or philosophy of history. Where the study found that the world after globalization will be directed automatically, whether consciously of it or no awareness about market of free competition, but it certainly will not reach it certainly contraindications process known about this market, but it will reach at least to the market, monopolistic competition and close to free competition, between the countries of the world Advanced Currently, the world's growing after provided, a situation identical to the most important principles and assumptions of the Islamic economic system, but without being followed by a necessarily check the rest of the principles and assumptions of this system, as well as the vast difference between the capitalist system positive, and the Islamic regime derived its origins from Almighty God, especially in Raitema philosophical world, the system first physical in nature, while the second believes that the two sides of the human material is organic in composition, and the other is spiritual not physical.

The standard of the efficiency of capital is one of the important standards which banks care of . Its importance increased with the risks facing banks , this necessitates effective control over banks to know to what extent the bank can endure these risks through possessing enough capital to endure risks facing the banking sector . This is lied behind the importance of possessing least enough capital which is stated by Basel Committee and adopted by the majority of Arabic states which is known Basel ( I ) . Due to the increased risks facing banks was one of the important reasons behind moving to Basel ( II ) . of the important consideration regarded by Basel ( II ) was the addition of operational risks to the equation of the efficiency of the Capital . So the research is written to answer the following question , Does Arabian Banks have enough financial and human resources and enough time for application of Basel ( II ) , or they were unable to achieve that . The research concluded a set of conclusions and recommendations the most important of them is the commitment of

This research aims at examine the non- possibility of Russian experience in
the Transformation process into market economy ,and developmental aspect ,so ,at find the reasons that make this experience to fail and to benefit from it,the oritical
The hypothesis of this research is that the turndown of economic Russian performance on the level of economic ,social and environmental aspects is affected by the shock approach to the transformation process into market economy.
Thus ,the studying of this experience is requiring the show of historical challenges of this economy ,and analyize its implications in order to evaluate its results.
In order to evaluate these result to reach the conclusions to prove the hypothesis,the study has been divided into two main sections.
The first deals with the historical and trend development of economic policies in USSR.
The second includes the implication of economic transformation

The objective of this research is to monitor the use of investment contract in Islamic banks and stand on the problems and obstacles that prevent it is application with grate significant in some of these banks through the premise that, the possibility of increasing the use of investment contract in Islamic banks after the reduction of problems and constraints used in these banks , also can be applied the ideas of Mr. Mohammed Baqir al-Sadder with respect to the investment contract contained in each of the processors contained reservations as reasons for not taking speculative formula of Islamic banking.
In conclusion that reached from the research, it found the possibility of increasing the use of investment contract after the success of its use in some Islamic banks, as can the