AL-Yarmouk Journal

B-thalassemia is one of the inherited disorders of hemoglobin synthesis which is caused by the reduction or absence of Bata globin chains of hemoglobin. A total of 236 cases of clinically β-thalassemia patients were collected from thalassemia centers in Baghdad city-Iraq. This study revealed that blood group O+ was the most common group in β-thalassemic patients followed by blood groups B+ and AB+ whereas blood groups A-, O- and AB- were the lowest in both males and females. Concerning the age incidence, the most common ages with β thalassemia was 11-18 years. HPLC analysis revealed an increased level in HbA2 (>3.5-5.5). Blood analysis showed decrease levels of MCV (64-70fl), MCH (23-27 pg) and Hb (6.3-6.8g/dl) whereas RBCs and serum ferritin exhibited increased levels (5.8-6.4 and 820-1240micro/l respectively). Platelets count was normal. In conclusion, β-thalassemia is more incident significantly (concerning the city of Baghdad) among patients with blood group O, age group 11-18 years, and in males more than females.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are considered one of the top five nanoparticles used in consumer products. In the present study, male albino mice were used to estimate the effect of (TiO2), using two doses (150, 600) mg/kg. The groups were divided according to the time of exposure (one, fourteen, thirty day), control. The result showed significant increase (p≤0.05) in White Blood Cell (W.B.C); Mean Cell Volume (MCV); Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Mean Cell Haemoglobin (MCH) and Platelets (PLT), and a significant decrease in Red Blood Cell (R.B.C.) and Haemoglobin (Hb) after thirty day of exposure. However biochemical parameters include AST peak highest mean value after fourteen day of exposure to the dose (600 mg/kg), while ALT and ALP significantly increased and decreased, respectively. Creatinine and uric acid rose sharply while urea, cholesterol, HDL and LDL decreased. Intra-gastric exposure caused high accumulation in kidney, spleen and liver respectively. In general the doses used caused histological alteration, such as congested dilated portal tract with heavy inflammatory cells infiltration and dilated central venule and glomerular congestion, tubular congestion, atrophy, chronic inflammatory cells infiltration and dilated tubules with flat atrophied lining epithelium of kidney. It is an indication of the different degree of organ injury due to the toxicity of NPs.

The accidents of traffic produce a state of disquiet to the individuals over the world, affect the main life component which is the human, and exhaust the material resources. Therefore, the proposals and solutions should be found to decrease the traffic accidents or at least determine the reasons and decrease the passive-effects and identify the core issues that lead to the traffic accidents occurrence, such as driver’s drowsiness and fatigue, road problems, vehicle breakdown, and etc. These issues need to develop effective safety systems capable of decreasing accidents by warning the driver under the various bad driving situations. Eye gaze estimation systems are one of the fundamental technologies for the upcoming driving assistance systems. This paper proposes a low-cost, passive and remote eye gaze estimation scheme to monitor the eye gaze direction of the driver in real-time, in addition to a perfect audible sound for alerting the driver. The proposed eye gaze estimation scheme shows a greater reliability, and accuracy.

This study investigates Iraqi college students' difficulties in learning English literature to enhance their ability and motivation to learn English literature. This study tackles issues revealed during the implementation of English literature as a separate academic subject in Iraqi universities' curricula. Presently, English is the language of the world's largest community, identifying its position as the communication medium in practically all fields, including education and computers, trade and commerce, science and technology, business, entertainment, politics, agriculture, international and bilateral relations, economic affairs, etc. Everyone in today's fast-changing world recognizes the extent and relevance of English. English is the native language of nations such as the United States, the United Kingdom, South Africa, Australia, and others in Europe, but it is a second or foreign language in countries such as Iraq, the Gulf countries, and others in Asia. English has spread at a faster rate in Iraq. yet there are several problems in teaching and studying it. A variety of courses, training programs, workshops, and encounters are available to help overcome these obstacles. In the subject of teaching and learning English, several methods, strategies, and approaches have emerged, and their implementation has been continuing for many years. In the beginning, when learning English became the main topic in schools and colleges, English literature was used as a major tool to learn English. To this day, in the majority of Iraqi universities, it has developed as a greater and more effective method of teaching and learning the English language. The present study discusses the disclosure of an old strategy to learn English with fresh (modern) viewpoints, emphasizing how this approach helps teach-learn the English language in the present situation with an explanation.

This study is a sociolinguistic account of one of the increasingly expanding sound changes in British English. Particularly, it assesses the behaviour of the phenomenon of glottal replacement of /t/ in the English variety spoken in the Welsh capital. The analysis of this study captures the fashion in which this innovative feature is making its way into the speech of Cardiff English. Not only that but also it gives us a snapshot of how glottalisation is advancing through both linguistic and extra-linguistic channels. Namely, this study seeks to account for socially and structurally influenced patterns of this sound change currently in operation in English varieties in the United Kingdom. It also seeks to delineate the correlation between linguistic and social factors hypothesized to be influencing the occurrence of this phenomenon.This study reports findings of an initial analysis of the phenomenon (i.e. the replacing of /t/ with a glottal stop) in the speech variety of the Welsh capital, Cardiff. Results reveal a gender-based pattern in which the phenomenon appears to be favoured by females more than males. Structurally, results reveal a pattern in which the glottalised forms appear to be occurring more likely in pre-consonantal positions. Alongside the glottalised forms, this study also reports another variant in that the /t/ is completely elided. The study attempts to contextualize the results of this phenomenon in view of the accounts tracking the development of the feature in British varieties.

William Shakespeare’s “ Hamlet” is considered as one of the most important tragic plays in English Literature. The play tackles complicated themes and has influential character tragic flaws. The play is written between 1599 and 1601. The events of the play highlight the revenge idea in Hamlet’s eyes who is the son of the murdered King. The play shows how King Hamlet King of Denmark is murdered by his brother, Claudius for the sake of the throne. Then, Claudius married Hamlet’s mother , queen Gertrude of Denmark. The play shows the human discrepancy inside Claudius who murders his brother and married his wife then he steals the throne. The idea of revenge is the driving force throughout the play and Prince Hamlet is set to revenge for his father. This research intends to analyse and explore the concept of revenge, besides asserting also how it is seen in the reactions of other characters of the play with a modern vision.

The outset of the twentieth century harbours within its events various changes on the political, cultural and social levels, besides the economic turnings that swept the world at that time. The early twenties have brought about newly appearing classes and trends within the European and American societies. This period is called as the Roaring Twenties of the twentieth century to denote the decade of the 1920s in Western society and Western culture in the aftermath of World War I. The United States of America achieves a wide scope dominance on the world finance exchanges. Frances Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940) addresses thoroughly the overall changing social and political issues of that era in Europe from a multi-dimension vision. The Great Gatsby (1925) is considered Fitzgerald’s best literary work. The novel tackles the American dream idea during a critical era in modern age. The characters of the novel are from different classes and social backgrounds of the American Society. The real global success of the novel lies in its bestselling records and international applause, that the novel achieved on the global level amidst the cultural global arena. The novel makes a great success and translated to various languages. This research paper and based on the Psychoanalysis Criticism Theory tackles the illusion of the American Dream Image in the novel with critical analysis for the characters of the novel alongside their human reactions.

Pancreatic pseudo cyst is a common problem encountered insurgical practice. It usually followed an attack of acute pancreatitisor chronic pancreatitis or trauma. So early diagnosis and treatmentis crucial to avoid complications such as, infection, bleeding,and rupture. The course of disease cannot be predicted, someResolved spontaneously, others enlarged and reached considerablesizes causing Pressure symptoms on nearby structures whichneed surgical intervention.

The self-evaluation technique (a new method) was used to enablestudents to assess their peers’ works and discover their weaknesses orerrors. Then, the self-correction technique was used to correct the errors.Using these two techniques, students simply eliminated the obstacles theyhad been facing without even asking. These two techniques are a crucialway to guide the students on the right route or path in the teaching andlearning process. A qualitative research strategy has been used to underlinereasons and opinions for further knowledge of this phenomenon. Leadingto the theoretical cognitive modeling of the phenomena by using a surveyquestionnaire of 38 items with different Likert scales focusing on theproblems and obstacles encountered by the students during the learningprocess inside the classroom. The sample of the current study included(100) participants both (males and females) students of second, third,and fourth-year college students of the English Language Department, ALYarmouk University College for the academic year 2021-2022. Lawshe’sMethod (CVR) and Cohen’s Kappa Index (CKI) have been used to ensure thecontent and face validity of the survey’s proportions. Using self-evaluationtechnique and self-correction technique enhance the pedagogical process ofIraqi universities by making the students evaluate themselves, find learningobstacles, and then correct them.

The Puritans who colonized New England in the seventeenthcentury are thought to have left an indelible imprint on Americanculture. The Scarlet Letter (1850) by Nathaniel Hawthorne andCarrie (1974) by Stephen King are prominent American novelsfrom separate centuries that examine Puritan heritage projects.Following the establishment of a link between Puritan literatureand gothic fiction, the two books are evaluated in terms of somePuritan themes including the dilemma of sin and an individual’spersonal acceptability in the community. There is also some referenceto the concept of the witch and the implications it conveys,particularly in terms of feminine identification. Although the novelistsdiffering approaches to personal development, those allusionsare typically employed in an unfavorable light, as a tool forcritique and revealing unpleasant facts.

The study, via Underground Railways, tackles the nature of
American policy towards the freedom of American blacks. It attempts to prove that racial double-standards is a salient feature
with American approach. It explores that Whitehead’s work puts
to the test the American credibility through the false American
claim of freedom. The work actually invites black people to plan
for liberation; it is for those who are suffering a lot from this kind
of policy. It is about a project which grants the blacks the free-

AbstractThe research led to the fact that science fiction is fully imagined, and well research can provide us with a road map for the future. It can become a kind of “testing ground” where innovations and their implications can be explored ahead of time. Science fiction is one of the forms of invention found in ancient mythology and started from that time. It has been called the “literature of ideas”.It’s writing an imaginative novel, short story or play scientifically. In in-addition, Science fiction discusses how to deal with human reactions to science and technological change . There are many critics of science fiction. One of them was H.G. Wells, who was the most important in this at that time, even called “ Shakespeare of science fiction” (Wagar, W. Warren (2004), p. 7). In the 1950s, science fiction and television were closely related because the writers mentioned television in their works before it became available. Companion to science fiction is a group of international scholars gathered to discuss the contexts, themes and methods used in the works of science fiction writers. One of the authors and editors “ Lester del Rey” has written many books in science fiction along with his wife “Judy-Lynn del Rey”, Arthur C. Clarke and Star Trek Others, such as H.G. Wells’s The Time Machine and Aldous Huxley›s Brave New World, warn about possible negative consequences.

Traffic cameras play a critical role in monitoring and enforcing traffic regulations, including speed limits. Accurate speed estimation of vehicles is essential for ensuring road safety and enforcing traffic laws effectively. To achieve precise speed estimation, enhancement methods are employed to design and optimize traffic cameras. These enhancement methods encompass a range of technological innovations and techniques that contribute to the accuracy and reliability of speed estimation. In this introduction, we will explore some key enhancement methods used in the design of traffic cameras to accurately estimate the speed of vehicles. Accurate speed estimation is crucial for traffic safety and enforcement. Enhancement methods in traffic camera design are pivotal in achieving precise speed measurements. These methods leverage technological advancements in imaging, image processing, and machine learning to address the challenges associated with traffic monitoring. This approach operates consistently and effectively under all conditions, ensuring a high level of precision and expediency in the documentation of traffic violations. By capturing an image of the license plate of vehicles that surpass the designated speed limit. In this paper present working on a project to help improve traffic safety and reduce violations using an Arduino-based logic controller. Monitoring and enforcing traffic rules is indeed crucial for road safety and the well-being of citizens.