AL-Yarmouk Journal

Dialect constitutes an ecosystem in all languages that is by nature
part of a broader and comprehensive environment that includes several
dialects, each of which has its own distinct characteristics, and all of
them are linked by a group of linguistic phenomena that facilitate the
communication of members of these environments with each other
and the understanding of what may take place from speech, which is
the term Its name ((language)) is the relationship between language
and dialect is the relationship between the general and the specific,
as it has been proven, and in light of the above, the research has dealt
with an original scientific view of issues presented in the course of
the research, including:The view of Arab scholars to different forms of
dialects.

Praise be to Allah، Lord of the worlds، and prayers and peace be upon our
prophet Muhammad، all his family and companions.
And yet: The issue of reward and punishment for the servants has
preoccupied scholars and thinkers، past and present ; This is because it
is one of the most doctrinal issues related to reality، as it is an important
issue concerned with the relationship of Allah Almighty with man، and
whether He rewards the servants with His grace without compensation،
and punishes them with His justice، or does he have to do so rationally،
and what is the reason for the obligation، for that reason I studied in this
research the issue of (reward And the punishment for the servants according
to Imam Al-Badr Al-Zarkashi (T: 794 AH) in his book >Tashnif Al-Masma’a<
in Jama AL Jauamya’، a comparative doctrinal study); To clarify the opinion
of Imam Al-Zarkashi in it، and my methodology in writing the research was;
The academic methodology adopted in universities and colleges، and the
nature of the research necessitated that it be divided after this introduction
into two demands and a conclusion، the first of which was devoted to the
personal and scientific life of Imam Al-Zarkashi، and the second requirement
was to study the reward and punishment for the servants and Al-Zarkashi’s
opinion on them. He said on this issue: Allah rewards His servants with His
grace without compensation، and punishes with His justice، and reason does
not obligate him anything، and that the Mu’tazilites fell into a deficiency in
the right of Allah when they obliged him to have the right of others، and that
they erred in their understanding of the texts and their interpretation of what
is unbearable، and obedience isn’t the cause of reward، and disobedience
is not the cause of punishment، which is what Ahl al-Sunnah wal-Jama’ah
are represented by the Ash’ari Masters، may Allah have mercy on them، and
Imam al-Badr al-Zarkashi agreed with them in all of that.
May Allah’s peace and blessings be upon our prophet Muhammad، his
family and companions.

The scholar Ibn Hajar is considered one of the most famous hadith scholars، and he is the Commander of the Faithful in hadith in
his era in the eighth and ninth centuries AH، and his works are very
numerous and his sheikhs and students are many. It has emerged
in various sciences، including Al-Jarh and Al-Ta’deel، which is one
of the most important sciences of hadith، and the book “Lisan
Al-Mizan” is one of the most important of these works by Ibn Hajar Al-Asqalani. Ibn Hajar refined it، trimmed it، arranged it and
added to it، and arranged it alphabetically according to the letters of the lexicon. parts. And the number of narrators who were
described in this book with “Balfa Mastur”، which is one of the
terms “al-jarh and da’eef” is 8 narrators The scholars differed with
the need for several opinions.

This study deals with the concept of the cause of the
fundamentalists and applied models in the hadiths of the Prophet
that are specifically mentioned in the hadiths of rulings.
This study included an introduction, two chapters, and a
conclusion of the most important results of the study.
The first topic included five demands that dealt with the concept
of the cause in terms of concepts, its conditions, its validity, and
the distinction between it and wisdom and reason.
In the second topic, it presented practical models in the noble
Prophetic hadiths contained in the hadiths of rulings in the various
chapters of jurisprudence

The Staff Judiciary Court is one of the administrative judiciary
formations in Iraq، and it plays an active role in protecting the rights
of employees on the one hand and the administration on the other،
and adjudicating disputes between them، and at the same time it
is considered a competent authority and a reference to challenge
decisions in which a penalty is imposed on the employee from Before
the administration، and that the presence of judicial oversight on
the legality of the behaviors issued by the administration towards
employees represents an important guarantee of employees’ rights and
freedoms، so there must be guarantees related to litigation procedures
before the Employees Court، given that there are two parties to
the dispute presented to it through lawsuits And so that there is no
predominance of a particular party، and to reduce the arbitrariness of
the administration in its decisions on its employees، and to observ

The research was interested in showing the science of the difference
between the diligent imams, and it is known that the difference of
scholars is consistent with the nature of diligence, and this difference
was not a reprehensible difference that the Holy Street warned against,
which is exposed to prejudice the belief and the principles of religion,
but it is in the branches, which is a kind of mercy and capacity and
keeping pace with the times; Because our Sharia, as it is established
and known, is valid for every time and place, so it was necessary for
these enlightened minds to delve into understanding the meanings,
and to extract the jurisprudential rulings that God Almighty wanted.
Therefore, the issues in which the two companions - Abu Yusuf
and Muhammad - differed with the Great Imam were enumerated,
and those issues agreed with the Shafi’i school of thought, may God
Almighty have mercy on them all.. So, the collection of these issues
was considered from the books of the Hanafi school, and not from one
particular book, after examining all of them. An issue of the validity
of attributing the difference in it to the imams, and then following it
up with its peers in the Shafi’i school, and the result was the issues of
the two companions or one of them that “contradicted the doctrine
of the greatest imam and agreed with the Shafi’i school of thought”
exclusively.
The purpose of this study was to inform the honorable reader that
on some issues on which the two great schools of thought - the Hanafis
and Shafi’is - differed, there are those from the Hanafi school who said
what agrees with the two schools of thought

This research studying the impostures texts that written by the founder
of this art, Badi’ al-Zaman al-Hamathani from a new perspective , The study
depend on the Modernism critical theories and the post Modernism . Which
was represented by the theory of reception and the theory of vulnerability,
as the al-Hamathani impostures were Analysing under the microscope of
these two theories from two sides. the first was The cause of the affected
anxiety that was hit Al-Hamathani and it went for him to creativity and the
establishment of a new prose art In order to achieve fame and and he shows
the strong literary self, because he knew that fame will not be achieved for
a writer if he was became independent his art and gets rid of the traps of
grandparents and he achieved the innovation. As for the other aspect, it is
Al-Hamathani’s desire to break the horizon of waiting for the recipients in
order to achieve the renewal of his impostures In order for he to become an
innovator to art the impostures and the cornerstone of it .

In our research، we presented the views of the scholar Saeed AlAfghani in the topics of his book and commented on them if necessary،
while mentioning the opinions of modern linguists that agreed with
him or disagreed with him in that، so we divided it into demands in
the first requirement: I was introduced to the book (On the Origins
of Grammar)، and its most important topics، as for the demand The
second: I presented in it the reasons for writing this book، and in the
third demand: I reviewed the objectives and methodology of writing
a book (On the Origins of Grammar)، as for the fourth requirement: I
studied the protest and its rules، and I studied in the fifth requirement:
his opinion by analogy، and in the seventh requirement: I explained his
opinion On the derivation، as for the eighth requirement: I showed his
opinion on the grammatical dispute between the grammarians of Basra
and Kufa، then the research was appended with the most important
findings of the research

Praise be to Allah; to him we praise; to him we seek help, and we seek His
forgiveness, and we seek refuge in Allah from the evils of ourselves and from the
evils of our deeds. He whom Allah guides, there is no misleading him, and he who
misleads, there is no guide for him. I bare witness there is no God but Allah, and
Mohamed is his servant and messneger. ( O you who have faith! Be wary of Allah
with the wariness due to Him and do not die except as muslims)١٠٢. Undoubtedly,
jurisprudence in religion is the best of, most honorable, and greatest of deeds , as
been reported of The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon
him) said: “Whoever Allah wills to do good to, He makes him comprehend the religion.» ,
Reason for choosing this research
▪ Debts is one of the things that Islamic Sharia has approved and urged.
▪ by observing the transctions, it becomes clear that people are vary in repaying
debts onto an honist or other than that.
▪ the debtor has to prove what he owes in order to preserve the rights of the
creditor and to absolve him before Allah Almighty.
Therefore, the following must be observed:
١. Avoid debts unless it is nessessty, to avoid the procrastination of debt and its
religion and life affects.
٢. The necessity of reducing leniency in debt.
٣. Work on the establishment of special zakat funds, and sponsor thier usage
in crises.
. Urging the creditor to pardon and be lenient with the insolvent because of its
commendable effects in this world and the hereafter.
٥. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah’s prayers and peace be upon him, was
increasing supplications, and asking for safety from being strictly in debt ( in which
creditor does not find what leads to repay in rise of right or money).
On the authority of Aisha - may Allah be pleased with her - that the Messenger
of Allah - may Allah’s prayers and peace be upon him - used to supplicate only in his
prayers: “O God, I seek refuge in you from sin and debt.” That is: debt, and a man
said: O Messenger of God, how much do you seek refuge from debts!! The Messenger of God - may God’s prayers and peace be upon him - said: (If a man is fined, he
tells lies and promises, then he breaks it) Sahih Bukhari Hadith

The idea of class is one of the most prominent critical issues that
critics have been interested in. Through perusal and research, this
concept was found not only by critics, and it is an intertwined
concept between most of the sciences. These papers reviewed
some of the differences between critics and the similarities that
came with it in places despite the distance of the historical space
between them Each critic put social and financial influence on his
critical opinions. He presented them in his book. It is clear that
the two books (Tabaqat Fahul al-Shu’ara by Ibn Salam and Tabqat
al-Shu`ara b y Abdullah Ibn al-Moataz) have a clear impact on
Arab culture with all its implications, and in this research he tries
to show part of these Budgets and monetary aesthetics.

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