Thi-Qar University Journal for Agricultural Researches

Length-weight relationships of Brachirus Orientalis, in coastal areas of Faw, south of Iraq was carried out on January to
December 2019. Total length were ranged from 15.3 to 42 cm for 193 collected specimens, weight ranging from 59.60 to
1123.65g. According to the length-weight correlations the b value was 3.021. This demonstrated that positive allometric
growth for both sexes. Calculated values of condition factor were 1.02and 1.12 for male, female respectively that showed
healthy condition of fish.

Measurement of progesterone is an indirect method for pregnancy diagnosis in many livestock species including cattle,
buffaloes, sheep, and goats. Conception extends the life of the corpus luteum (CL) by preventing the luteolytic
mechanism from being triggered, thus prolonging and maintaining its functional characteristics, ensuring continued high
progesterone levels (Spencer, et.al., 1995). (Shemesh et al., 1973) proposed that the difference in peripheral plasma
progesterone levels between pregnant and non pregnant cows, 19 days after insemination, can form the basis for a very
early pregnancy test. (Laing and Heap 1972) first documented this in milk to diagnose cows in early pregnancy
Progesterone maintains the uterine endometrium in a state which supports embryonic development, implantation, and
foetoplacental development. Progesterone concentrations vary with the stage of the estrous cycle which makes it one of
the most commonly studied reproductive hormones in bovine ruminants for pregnancy detection and ovarian activity
(Kaneko,et.al.,1994). Studies in the bovine estrous cycle indicate that the milk or serum progesterone concentrations
reach a maximum value 13-14 days after estrus, and if the animal is pregnant, these continue to remain elevated up to day
21 after fertilization (Parkinson, et al.,1994) . These high levels of progesterone in serum or milk between days 18 and 24
after insemination form the basis of establishment of pregnancy in cattle (Sasser, and Ruder,1987; Shemesh,1973).
Interferon-???? exerts its antiluteolytic effect by inhibiting the endometrial expression of oxytocin receptors, through which
oxytocin stimulates pulsatile PGF2???? release (Wolf,2003). Although low progesterone concentrations at 18 to 24 days
after breeding can accurately predict non pregnancy, high progesterone concentrations during this period are not the
specific indicators of pregnancy due to variations among cows in duration of the estrous cycle as well as the incidence of
early or late embryonic mortality. The advantages of progesterone assay for pregnancy diagnosis include noninvasive
collection of milk sample and the feasibility to conduct the test on the farm using commercial cow-side milk
progesterone test kits [Pennington,1985 ; Gowan,1982 ; Wimpy,et.al.,1986), though the sensitivity gets compromised to
some extent with these assay kits.

This study was an attempt to predict the value of some soil structure parameters of MWD and WSA% as a function of soil
content ( organic matter , total porosity, sand silt, clay) at different of soil management and soil texture. Six soil samples of
the depth 0-30 cm were selected from three sites that different in texture of Clay, loam and Sandy loam in Basra Governorate
(Abi Al-Khasib, Madinah and Zubair). Three samples represented the treatment of soil management (soil cultivated with
alfalfa crop for 7 years respectively), and the other three samples from the same sites for uncultivated soil (bare soil) with
three replicates for each sample. Soil organic matter content, total porosity , mean weight diameter, water aggregate stability
percentage and particle size distribution were measured. The results showed that the MWD and WSA% as a function of
some soil constituents( organic matter, total porosity, clay, silt and sand ) was represented by a highly significant linear
equations. The correlation coefficients were highly significant and positive for all the studied constituent except for the sand,
which it was negative.The results also showed that the change in the WSA% was greater compared with the MWD value
depending at the changing of soil constituents. This is reflected in the increasing of the regression constants of the linear
equations.The results show that the highest values of soil structural parameters were in the soil management treatment
(cultivated soil) and increasing of clay and silt. The variation of the effect of soil constituent on both MWD and WSA% by
using the linear correlation equation, The constituent were entered as independent variables to predict these two parameters in
multiple linear correlation equations for soil constituents at a probability level of 1%.As this led to a very large increase in the
values of the correlation coefficient, which indicates the possibility of using multiple correlation equations for the
constituents of the study soil to predict the values of structural parameters

This experiment was conducted to find out the effect of replacing two levels of dried bakery with and without yeast
instead of the wheat and barley on the productive performance of Ross 308 broilers. At the poultry field, for the research
station, College of Agriculture and the Marshes, Thi Qar University, from 11/8/2020 to 12/12/2020, using 270 unsexed
one-day-old broiler chicks, were randomly distributed over five experimental treatments and three replicates (18
birds/replicate). The treatments were as follows: T1: control treatment without addition, T2 and T3 added 10 and 20%
dried bakery powder without yeast, T4 and T5 added 10 and 20% dried bakery powder with 0.04% yeast. The results of
the study indicated that there was a significant (P≤0.05) improvement in the studied productive traits (Body weight,
weight gain, feed intake, food conversion factor, mortality, vital ratio, and production index) for broilers, when added
dried bakery powder with yeast, the best addition ratio was 20% dried bakery powder with 0.04% yeast compared to the
control treatment and treatments for added dried bakery powder without yeast.

The current study was conducted in the plastic House during the growing season 2021_2022 at the research
station belonging to the Faculty of Agriculture and marshes / Dhi Qar University / mustafiya area in order to
study the effect of spraying with Zolfast on the growth and yield of three hybrids of eggplants and the overlap
between them under protected cultivation (plastic house ), the varieties (black,Barcelona and Black Beauty) were
planted ,where they were treated with five concentrations(0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2) MLL1, and spraying five sprays
and every two weeks a spray, and its effect on the physical qualities (number, weight, length and diameter of the
fruit) of the eggplant plant was studied. Use the design of complete random sectors (R.C.B.D) for a one-time
split factor experiment, where the items are placed in the main pieces of the Main_Plot and the concentration of
zolfast is the second factor of the Sup_Plot, where it was distributed to three repeaters for each item in one
warehouse, thus the number of experimental units reached 45 units . And the adoption of statistical analysis of
results using the SPSS system and the L test.S.D to test the averages at the probability level of 0.05 (narrator and
khalafullah, 2000). The results showed the superiority of the Barcelona variety in terms of the number of fruits
and their length, as it reached (25.12) plant fruit-1
, (16.90)CM fruit-1
, respectively, and the superiority of the
Black Beauty variety in terms of fruit weight by (202.63) G fruit-1 per experimental unit . The Barcelona variety
exceeded the diameter of the fruit and reached a value of (6.53) CM fruit

Bromide and chloride are chemically related halide elements that the kidney works with to keep the overall body halide
content balanced. Also Bromide is a element that known to cause many neurotoxic and other organs toxicity such as GIT
tract , respiratory tract and liver. Therefore, we aimed in the present study on the effect of bromide at daily intake doses to
investigate possible neurotoxic effect and modulate its possible mechanism by measuring the oxidant and antioxidant impact
in brain and Ameliorative trail of Sodium chloride .Chloride-containing diuretics, such as sodium chloride, increase bromide
elimination in the urine.

The field experiment was conducted during the fall agricultural season 2021-2022 in the Department of Horticulture and
Gardens, Al-Kut municipality; the experiment was completed on 15 February. 2022, to study the effect of the cultivar,
fulvic acid, and their interaction on some broccoli's physical and chemical properties. The study included two factors:
cultivars, MATSURI, DOMO, JASSMINE, and the second factor has four concentrations of fulvic acid, which are: (0, 1,
2, 3) ml l-1
. The experiment included twelve treatments and three replications, so the total experimental units became
(36). A factorial experiment was applied with a split-block system within the Randomized Complete Block Design
(R.C.B.D), and the results were statistically analyzed using the statistical program (GenStat). The results were compared
using the LSD test at a probability level of 0.05. While the JASSMINE cultivar was superior in the wet weight of the
main disc, the dry weight of the main disc, the diameter of the main disc and the weight of the side disc if the values were
(851.7 gm tablet-1
,93.42 gm tablet-1
,21.33 cm,147.25 gm tablet-1
),respectively, and the MATSURI hybrid was superior in
The number of side tablets reached (5.00 plant-1
tablets). The plants treated with a concentration of (3) ml L-1
of fulvic
acid excelled in the content and wet weight of the main disc, dry weight of the main disc, the diameter of the main disc,
the number of side discs, and the weight of the side disc Where the values were (856.3 gm Tablet-1
, 100.44 gm Tablet-1
,
21.33 cm, 147.56 gm Tablet-1
, 5.56 gm Tablet-1
) respectively. The dual interaction between the cultivar and fulvic acid
concentrations had a significant effect, as the interaction treatment between the cultivar JASSMINE and the
concentration of fulvic acid (3) ml L-1 in the wet weight of the main disc, the dry weight of the main disc and the weight
of the side disc were (990.7 gm disc-1
, 124.00) gm tablet-1
, 182.33 gm tablet-1
)respectively

Significant economic losses result from increased days open because of failure to detect estrus. Studies (Callahan, et al.,
1971; Kesler,et al., 1977) suggest that the endocrine balances required to support normal estrus cycles and for the
reestablishment of fertility are restored gradually after calving. Silent estrus, or the lack of behavioral estrus expression,
is a common occurrence (50 to 80%) at the first postpartum ovulation. However, the incidence of silent estrus decreases
in the second and third estrous cycles (Bulman,1980 ; Labhsetwar, et al., 1946; Morrow, et al., 1966). Expression of
estrus in cattle is dependent on sufficient secretion of endogenous E2 to provoke the standing response (Carrick and
Shelton. 1969) Estrogen plays a key role in the regulation of endocrine and behavioral events associated with the estrus
cycle. E2 plays a pivotal role in the induction of estrus behavior and ovulation (Pfaff, 2005). In many experiments that
are performed to study the female reproduction, estrus is artificially induced by administering E2 (Fabre-Nys et al.,
1993). Estrogen plays a central role in triggering the gonadotropin surge and ovulation as well as in facilitating the estrus
behavior, and thus estrogen indirectly synchronizes mating and ovulation. The patterns of GnRH synthesis and pulsatile
release from the hypothalamus are mainly regulated by E2 (Smith and Jennes, 2001) and progesterone (Richer et al.,
2005 ;Zalanyi, 2001). E2 stimulates LH synthesis, but at levels below a certain threshold value it inhibits the release of
LH. Above this threshold, the inhibitory effect on LH release switches to stimulatory effect (Reinecke and Deuflhard,
2007), which results in the LH surge. Progesterone plays an essential role in various reproductive functions, including
regulating the length of the estrous cycle, maintaining pregnancy. Progesterone is high during the luteal phase and in
pregnancy, however the levels decline if the animal fails to conceive. Progesterone has been implicated in inhibiting
estrogen secretion and ovulation (Echternkamp et al. 1973 and Henricks, 1971). Blood glucose appear to be one of the
key nutrients affecting cyclicity in farm animals and a minimum level of 40-60 mg/ml is required to maintain the
physiological processes of the body (Duke, 1970). According to Dowine and Gelman (1976), low blood glucose may be
associated with infertility. Estrus is negatively affected by alterations in blood metabolites and hormone profiles
including glucose, insulin, IGF-I, non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate (Wathes et al., 2007)

A greenhouse experiment was conducted in agricultural research station - College of Agriculture / Garmat Ali campus
during the winter season 2020 - 2021 in Silty clay soil under drip irrigation system, cultivated Okra crop Ablemoscus
esculentus L. Monech, Hasnawi variety local production, to study the effect of different levels of Biochar enrichment by
nitrogen and used as slow release fertilizer on nitrogen availability in soil and yield of Okra plant.
The study included an impact statement Iraqi urea fertilizer source of nitrogen (46 % N) as control and Biochar
enrichment with nitrogen:
(NECB %100), (NECB %75 + N %25), (NECB %50 + N%50), (NECB %25 + N%75). Fertilizers apply as soil
application when preparation soil in greenhouse before planting seeds, the results of this study showed:
The fertilizer of Biochar enrichment with 100% nitrogen (100% NECB) significantly superior on available nitrogen in
soil by 23.28 gm Kg-1
at deep distance (0 - 25) cm deep and significantly superior of particle biochar size (2 mm)
with15.33 gm Kg-1
respectively compared with other treatments during plant grown season. Also same treatment (100 %
NECB) were significantly superior on total yield by values 8.12 ton ha-1
compared with other treatments during last
period of plant growth respectively

Measurement of progesterone is an indirect method for pregnancy diagnosis in many livestock species including cattle,
buffaloes, sheep, and goats. Conception extends the life of the corpus luteum (CL) by preventing the luteolytic
mechanism from being triggered, thus prolonging and maintaining its functional characteristics, ensuring continued high
progesterone levels (Spencer, et.al., 1995). (Shemesh et al., 1973) proposed that the difference in peripheral plasma
progesterone levels between pregnant and non pregnant cows, 19 days after insemination, can form the basis for a very
early pregnancy test. (Laing and Heap 1972) first documented this in milk to diagnose cows in early pregnancy
Progesterone maintains the uterine endometrium in a state which supports embryonic development, implantation, and
foetoplacental development. Progesterone concentrations vary with the stage of the estrous cycle which makes it one of
the most commonly studied reproductive hormones in bovine ruminants for pregnancy detection and ovarian activity
(Kaneko,et.al.,1994). Studies in the bovine estrous cycle indicate that the milk or serum progesterone concentrations
reach a maximum value 13-14 days after estrus, and if the animal is pregnant, these continue to remain elevated up to day
21 after fertilization (Parkinson, et al.,1994) . These high levels of progesterone in serum or milk between days 18 and 24
after insemination form the basis of establishment of pregnancy in cattle (Sasser, and Ruder,1987; Shemesh,1973).
Interferon-???? exerts its antiluteolytic effect by inhibiting the endometrial expression of oxytocin receptors, through which
oxytocin stimulates pulsatile PGF2???? release (Wolf,2003). Although low progesterone concentrations at 18 to 24 days
after breeding can accurately predict non pregnancy, high progesterone concentrations during this period are not the
specific indicators of pregnancy due to variations among cows in duration of the estrous cycle as well as the incidence of
early or late embryonic mortality. The advantages of progesterone assay for pregnancy diagnosis include noninvasive
collection of milk sample and the feasibility to conduct the test on the farm using commercial cow-side milk
progesterone test kits [Pennington,1985 ; Gowan,1982 ; Wimpy,et.al.,1986), though the sensitivity gets compromised to
some extent with these assay kits.

From 18/10/2021 to 18/3/2022, samples were collected from private farms to cultivate fish in floating cages
on the Euphrates River. Finally, different densities were studied to obtain the best farming density, in which
three densities were used (63-43-23 fish/m3) by several 500 fish for the first process, 1000 fish for the second
process, and 1500 fish for the third process, with a weighted rate of 100-120 gm, as a result, an originally
Iranian feed was used for all three processes. The results of statistical analysis revealed that there are abstract
differences (p0.05) in total weight gain, with the first process outperforming the rest of the process (130.0
gm/fish), followed by the second process (90.0 gm/fish).
As well as the third process (75.0 gm/fish). Furthermore, the relative growth rate recorded when performing
the statistical analysis that there are abstract differences (p0.05), in that the first process outperformed the
second and third processes, with the first process outperforming the second (2.67 percent), the second (2.09
percent), and the third process outperforming the first (2.67 percent) (1.81 percent ). Because of the existence
of abstract differences in the relative growth rate between the experiment months, the first process
outperformed both the second and third processes. The first process has the highest relative growth rate (130.0
gm/fish), the second process has the highest relative growth rate (90.0 gm/fish), and the third process has the
highest relative growth rate (75.0 gm/fish). Statistical analysis of the food conversion rate and food
conversion efficiency revealed that there are abstract differences (p0.05) during the experiment months. So
the food conversion rate recorded in the first process outperformed the second and third processes, and the
highest food conversion rate was recorded for the first process (32.7 feed/gm), followed by the second process
(22.5 feed/gm), and finally the third process (15.0 feed/gm). However, the food conversion efficiency
demonstrated that the third process outperformed the first and second processes, while the second process
outperformed the first. Furthermore, the food conversion efficiency values for the third process (12.5
percent), the second process (10.0 percent), and the first process (10.0 percent) are shown (7.22 percent