Thi-Qar University Journal for Agricultural Researches

An experiment was carried out using pots in the plastic house of the Agricultural Research Station / College of Agriculture /
University of Basrah / Karma Ali site during the year 2022, to study the effect of adding mineral sulfur, organic matter,
leaching requirements, and salinity of irrigation water on soil salinity planted with maize plants. By using two types of organic
residuses (cow and alfalfa residuses) and with three levels of added mineral sulfur (0%, 0.8% and 1.6%) and three levels of
leaching requirements (15, 25 and 35%) in excess of the field capacity and two levels of irrigation water salinity ( 4 and 8 dSm
-
1
), where organic residues and mineral sulfur were added mixed with the surface layer of the study soil and incubated for 60
days before planting yellow corn (Zea mays L.) while maintaining soil moisture at field capacity. After the process of
incubating the soil with mineral sulfur and organic matter in pots, yellow corn seeds were sown with crop service operations
such as fertilization and irrigation operations carried out according to the above treatments. After 60 days of planting, the
plants were mowed to estimate soil salinity. And the end of the experiment. The results of the study showed that the addition of
organic residuses led to a decrease in the electrical conductivity of the soil at the end of the experiment from 6.11 dSm
-1
to 3.05
and 3.17 dSm
-1
for the alfalfa and cows respectively, and the decrease was more clear "in the alfalfa residuses , and the level of
leaching requirements exceeded 35% in reducing the electrical conductivity of the soil compared to the other two levels, to
reach 3.16 dSm
-1
, and the salinity of irrigation water 4 dSm
-1
excelled in reducing the electrical conductivity of the studied soil
to become 3.01 dSm
-1
, while the value of the electrical conductivity of the soil increased with the increase in the percentage of
addition of mineral sulfur to reach 2.58, 4.35, and 3.94 dSm
-1
for the levels of 0, 0.8, and 1.6%, respectively.

The goal of the current study, which involved 21 fetuses, was to describe the developmental structure of
the rat fetus lung. The embryos were taken on days 17, 19, and 21 of pregnancy. According to the current
study, the lung was in the canalicular stage during the 17th gestational day. At this stage of development,
all lung airways had significantly lengthened and expanded. The terminal bronchiole divides into two,
then into four acinar canals, which are large, straight canals. The cuboidal epithelial cells that line these
acinar canals have also started to flatten and transform into potential type I pneumocytes. The lung was in
the saccular stage on the 19th day of pregnancy. The terminal bronchioles split into several possible
alveolar ducts, which terminated In the typical collections of enlarged airspaces called terminal sacs,
there is a single layer of cells with cilia on the epithelial surface, a blue nucleus with a gap in the cells,
and a terminal opening on the air vesicle with several capillary networks that transform the lining cells
into alveolar cells. Close contact between some capillaries and the flattened cells resulted in the
emergence of the first blood-air barriers. From the 21st gestational day through the first postnatal day,
there was an alveolar stage. The cartilage, which had largely grown by day 21 of pregnancy, contained
collagen. Collagen II was discovered on the tracheal hyaline cartilage ring's periphery, inside the bronchi
body, and across the whole cartilage ring

The influence of process speed (PS) and tillage depth (TD) , on growth of corn (Zea mays L) yield, for Maha cultivar,
were tested at two ranges of PS of 2.483 and 4.011 km.hr-1
, and three ranges of TD of 15,20 and 25cm. The experiments
were conducted in a factorial experiment under complete randomized design with three replications. The results showed
that the PS of 2.483 km.hr-1 was significantly better than the PS of 4.011km.hr-1
in all studied conditions. The , slippage
ratio (SR) and the machine efficiency (ME), the physical soil characteristics represented by the soil density and porosity
(SBD and TSP), and the plant characteristics represented the roots dry weight, PVI and the crop productivity (CP), except
adjective of the fuel consumption (fC),which gave the best results with the second speed 4.011 km.hr
-1
treatment of TD of
15cm was significantly superior to the levels of 20 and 25 cm in all studied conditions.

This research was conducted to study the effect of different forms of rotary plow blades s on clay loam soils, through
the use of three forms of blades (traditional blades (T1) and locally manufactured blades (T2 and T3)), and two forward
plowing speeds ( ¹ hour, two rotary tiller hoo ope i g gles ( ˚ 7 ˚ nd the study of its effect
on the physical properties of clay soil: penetration resistance, average volume of stirred soil, percentage of earth masses
with diameters less than 5 cm m², bulk density of soil, and total porosity. The research was carried out using the split
split plank method according to the randomized complete block design (C.R.D) and with three replicates for each
treatment. The results showed that the forward spee ( ¹ has achieved the best soil resistance to penetration.
ile t e orw r velo ity ( ¹ achieved the best values for each soil volume rate, soil bulk density and total
porosity T e gle ( ˚ re or e t e best v lues or e of the soil resistance to penetration and the proportion of soil
sses, w ile t e gle (7 ˚ ex elle i re or i g t e best v lues or e ver ge o t e volu e o t e soil stirre up,
bulk density and porosity. The blades ((T3) was significantly excelled on the two blades (T1 and T2) in achieving the
best values of penetration resistance, average volume of soil stirred up, mass ratio, bulk density, and porosity. As for the
overlap between the two forward speeds and cover angles of the plow, the speed w s ( per our ¹ With angle
(( ˚ best v lues for penetration resistance, s or t e spee ( ¹ wit gle ((7 ˚ , t e best v lues were
recorded for the average volume of the stirred soil, bulk density and porosity. As for the interaction between the two
speeds and the shape of the blades, t e bl es (T ex elle t t e orw r spee ( ¹ in giving the best value
for resistance to penetration. ile t e bl es itsel g ve t t e spee ( ¹ the best values for the average
volume of soil stirred up. As for the overlap between the angles of cover for the plow and the shape of the blades, the
bl es (T ex elle t t e gle (7 ˚ i ievi g t e best v lues or t e ver ge volu e o soil stirre up and density
virtual and porous, t t e gle ( ˚ , t e blades achieved the best value of penetration resistance and the percentage of
soil masses. As for the interaction between the two forward speeds of plowing, the angles of the opening of the rotary
plow cover and the shape of blades, there were no significant differences in the physical traits of soil.

Following the scientific management of organic waste (poultry) may contribute to reducing environmental pollution
and human health, as the current study was conducted with the aim of recycling (Recycling) poultry waste
accumulated in the field of poultry farming at the research station - Faculty of Agriculture - Karma Ali site, following
many traditional fermentation methods (compost and soaking in water) and modern (bioreactor) With a statement of
the possibility of improving the quality specifications of organic fertilizer produced by bioreactor technology by
separation method for more than one part and the effect of soil treatment (clay mixture) with organic fertilizer
produced by the mentioned methods and supported by levels of mineral fertilizer recommendation of urea fertilizer
(N% 46), concentrated superphosphate (P2O5% 46) and potash fertilizer (K2O 50% K) In some chemical and
physical soil characteristics after the end of the planting season. The results showed that there is a significant effect of
treating the soil with fermented poultry waste in different ways in the values of pH, electrical conductivity, bulk
density, weighted catler rate and total soil porosity with significant superiority for soil treatment with fermented
organic fertilizer using bioreactor technology and steel fraction and reinforced with 75% or 100% of the mineral
fertilizer recommendation in improving most of the characteristics of the mentioned soil.

The aim of this study was to determine the level of agricultural extension methods importance from the extension workers
point of view in Sulaimani governorate, then identify relationship between agricultural extension methods importance with
some variables. The population consists of the all agricultural extension workers in agricultural extension directorate of
Sulaimani and they were (137) workers, the sample of the research included (106) respondents representing nearly (%77) of
the population, taken by a simple sampling random method. Questionnaire was prepared to collect the data. The results showed
that the level of importance of extension methods were high tends to medium, group extension methods occupied the first
rank in the level of importance of extension methods. Farm visit paragraph occupied the first rank in the individual method,
then field demonstration paragraph occupied the first rank in the group method finally extension campaigns paragraph
occupied the first rank in the mass method. The results also showed there is a significant relationship between the level of
importance and each of the following variables (Previous training, Exposure to sources of the agricultural information.
Attitude towards agricultural extension. Job satisfaction). While not significant relationship between the level of importance
of extension methods and the other variables.
The researchers recommended pay attention to energizing their programs through agricultural extension methods, and
Focusing on activating the group method, Agricultural extension department should pay attention for the workers to participate
in training courses

The study was conducted during the growing season 2022 in one of the private orchards in Nasiriya district, the center of ThiQar governorate, with the aim of knowing the effect of spraying the fruits with potassium and trace elements on some
physiological characteristics and sugars of two cultivars of date palm, Al-Shwathi and Al-Sayer. 4) ml-1 and trace elements
with concentrations (0, 1, and 2) ml-1. (10 trees) were selected from date palms (5 trees) from Al-Shwathi cultivar, and (5
trees) from Al-Sayer cultivar. The results of the study showed that there was a significant effect of spraying the fruits with
potassium, and the concentration exceeded (4 ml L-1). The rate of sucrose was 16.92%), and the concentration of
microelements (2 ml L-1) achieved the highest ripening rate at (87.40%) and the lowest precipitation rate at (18.44%), and
the highest rate for sugars. The total and reduced sugars amounted to (52.71 and 35.95)%, respectively, and the lowest rate
for sucrose amounted to (16.76%). The effect of the cultivar was significant, and the Al-Shwathi variety excelled significantly,
recording the highest rate of ripening and precipitation. Respectively, compared to the Al-Sayer variety, which recorded the
lowest rates, and all the two- and three-way interactions between the study factors had a significant effect on precipitation,
ripening, total and reduced sugars, sucrose, and the interstitial stage.

The Phoridae family, which contains approximately 4,000 species in more than 260 genera, is one of the largest families
of Diptera ,The scuttle fly have been found in variety of environment, they are associated with late stages of composition .
In current study both males and females of Dohrniphora cornuta were collected and identified for the first time from the
farms of edible mushrooms in Al-Dwaniya province, central of Iraq.
The specimens were studied and identified in laboratories of Sumer university, college of soil and water sources, deposited
in 70% ethyl alcohol.

The experiment was carried out in one of the unheated greenhouses at the research station of the College of
Agriculture and Marshes / University of Thi Qar, Al-Mustafawiya during the season 2021-2022. To study the
effect of spraying with Ergostim and amino acids on the vegetative growth characteristics and the mineral content
of the hot pepper under protected cultivation, and the cultivation of the hybrid cultivar Barbarian, the experiment
was carried out using a randomized complete block design and the experiment included two factor and three
replications consisting of four concentrations of Ergostim (0 and 1, 2, and 3) ml L-1
and three concentrations of
amino acids (0, 2, and 4) ml L-1 by using complete randomized block design with three replicates. The averages
of the treatments were compared according to the Least Significant Differences (LSD) test at the probability level
of 0.05. The results showed that spraying of the Ergostim nutrient solution on the leaves had a significant effect
on increasing each of (plant height, leaf area, number of branches, and the percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus
and potassium in the leaves) at a concentration of (3 ml L-1
), as rates were recorded 100.90 cm plant-1
,133.01
dm2 plant-1
, 11.24 branch plant-1
, 12.99%, 2.32%, 1.08%, respectively. As for the amino acids, the concentration
(4 ml L-1
) achieved the highest levels in the above-mentioned traits. It reached 100.74 cm Plant-1
,108.63 cm 2
Plant-1
,10.26 cm branch plant -1
, 12.93%, 2.28%, 1.03%, respectively.

The present study was aimed at the light microscopic examination of the oviduct and show epithelium structure of
the iraqi goat oviduct, determination of the histochemical structure of the mucus secreted by epithelial cells, and
muscular layers of The oviducts of Twelve healthy adult goat constituted the material of the study. using routine
histological techniques by using Hematoxylin and eosin , masson trichrom for Histochemically, it was observed by
using Pas Alcian Histological observations revealed that the oviduct consists of 4 layers of mucosa, submucosa,
tunica muscularis and serosa. The primary and secondary folds increase both in number and in height in
infundibulum and ampulla while less in number in isthmus. Epithelium of folds was composed of simple columnar,
although seems pseudostratified in some areas, and contains ciliated and secretory cells. Histomorphometric
examinations of three regions demonstrated that the mean height of primary folds increase and the mean thickness of
tunica muscularis in isthmus The mean thickness of mucosa-submucosa in ampulla More visibility of the ciliated
cells and mucosal folds in infundibulum and ampulla the thick tunica muscularis in isthmus transports sperm cells
up; and both require promoting secretory products were increased in the tip of the mucosal fold than in the base.
Conclusion By using light microscopic examinations lined by pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium. Mucosal folds
were maximum in number in the tubual part of infundibulum, ampulla and least in isthmus in all stages of the
animal. The propria–submucosa was comprised of loose connective tissue with blood vessels, abundant amount of
collagen fibres and few reticular fibers histochemical staining demonstrated by means of the PAS reaction, and it
was observed that secretion increased progressively towards the isthmus

This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of Ellagic Acid on Epididymal Sperms Quality and
DNA Deformity in mature rats exposed to Cadmium Chloride. The experiment includes a total number of Sixty
(60) male Albino Wistar rats weighting (180-220 g) were used in this experiment. Their ages ranged between (10-
14) weeks. Rats were divided into four equal groups which administrated orally and daily for six weeks as follows:
100mg EA Kg B.wt, 5mg /Kg B.wt Cd, 100mg EA + 5mg Cd Kg B.wt, and tap water for group 1 (T1), group 2
(T2), group 3 (T3) and control group (C) respectively. The experiment was lasted for 6th weeks. Semen samples
were collected after 2, 4 and 6 weeks for estimation sperms parameters. The results revealed a significant decrease
of Sperm concentration and Sperms Motility in T2 as compared with control increase significantly of Sperm
concentration and Sperms Motility in T1 and the results showed a significant increase of Sperms Abnormalities
and Sperms Immotility in T2 with a significant decrease of Sperms Abnormalities and Sperms Immotility in T1
as compared with control. Depending on the current results and discussion, Conclusions are: Ellagic acid is an
effective antioxidant against the toxic effect of Cadmium chloride on testicular function and Sperm Parameters.

Spot blotch disease of wheat, caused by the fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem., produces several
toxins like: prehelminthosporol, helminthosporol, helminthosporic acid, sorokinianin, Bipolaroxin. These
toxins interact with the plant and thereby increase the symptoms of small dark lesions and huge yield losses
in different regions around the world so there is an urgent need to decipher the molecular interaction between
wheat and those toxins for in-depth understanding of host–pathogen interactions. In the present study, we
have modeled the three-dimensional structure of G-protein alpha subunit from Triticum aestivum as Gprotein was shown that it is an important player behind the resistance to many plant diseases. Molecular
docking studies were performed using the active site of the modeled G-protein alpha subunit from T. aestivum
and some of fungus’s toxins followed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies to explore the
stability, conformational flexibility, and dynamic behavior. Protein-ligand interaction study revealed one Hbond formed by Lys302 and hydrophobic contacts formed by Tyr159, Gly162, Val167, Asp256, Gln257 and
Ile298 with prehelminthosporol, Protein-ligand interaction study revealed H-bond formed three H-bonds
formed by Tyr159, Gly162, and Asp256 and hydrophobic interactions formed by Ser160, Cys161, Ser162,
Ile298, Lys302 and Val306 with helminthosporic acid.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the PAG and P4 profiles in pregnant and non-pregnant does
using Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively.
Additionally, the study aimed to compare the sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), and accuracy (Acc) of
pregnancy diagnosis using PAG and P4 detection in serum samples. Twenty does were synchronized
using P4 sponge+eCG for 12 days, followed by breeding after estrus. Blood samples were collected at
different experimental periods (22, 30, 40, and 60 days post-mating) and analyzed using EIA and
ELISA. The lambing and Ultrasonographic examination on day 60 were used as a golden standard for
pregnancy evaluation. The results demonstrated that both PAG and P4 mean concentrations
significantly increased in pregnant does compared to non-pregnant does in all experimental periods.
When comparing the efficiency of each method for pregnancy prediction, the PAG assay method
showed a sensitivity (Se) similar to P4 (85%) at day 22 post-mating, but reached 100% at day 30 for
PAG and day 40 for P4. Additionally, the accuracy (Acc) of the PAG analysis method was higher than
P4 at day 22 (80% vs. 75%) and day 30 (95% vs. 85%), and reached 100% on day 40. In contrast, the
Acc of the P4 assay for pregnancy diagnosis was 95% at days 40 and 60. The specificity (Sp) was
lower in both methods, but the diagnosis using the PAG assay was better than P4 on all days, reaching
its optimal value on day 40, while reach to 83% for P4 assay method on day 40 and 60 PM. The present
study concluded that both PAG and P4 analyses were specific and reliable methods for pregnancy
determination in does starting from day 22 onward, but the PAG assay was more accurate than the P4
assay.

The study was conducted in the Seyhan Agricultural Reserve in the city of Siba in Basra Governorate
during the period (2019-2021), for the purpose of knowing the extent of the success of the cultivation
of Carica papaya L. and identifying the indicators of germination and growth of two varieties of local
and Red lady papaya. Papaya seeds were grown under standard germination conditions.
The results of the study showed the superiority of the Red Lady cultivar in the percentage of
germination, seed germination speed and stem diameter, while the local cultivar was superior in
seedling heigh

The experiment was conducted at the Tomato Development Research Station, located in Al-Zubayr district, Basra
Governorate, with a sandy loam texture, during the autumn season of August 21, 2022. The objective of the study
was to determine the effect of soil conditioners (zeolite at 2% and perlite at 1%, 2%, and 3%) with or without
organic matter mixing, as well as the organic matter treatment at 3% and the control treatment, and the soil irrigation
level on weighted mean diameter and growth of yellow corn (Zea Mays L.). The experiment was carried out in a
randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, and the means were compared using the least
significant difference (LSD) test at a 5% probability level. The experiment included 10 treatments for conditioner
and two irrigation levels (100% and 75%). The desired characteristics were studied at two depths: 0-15 cm and 15-
30 cm at the beginning and end of the season. The results showed that the treatment ZO outperformed all other
treatments in weighted mean diameter, recording 5.243 mm at the beginning of the season. However, at the end of
the season, treatments ZO, B1O, B2O, B2, B3O, and B3 surpassed the other treatments. The irrigation level of 75%
EP exhibited a significant increase of 11.45% in weighted mean diameter at the beginning of the season compared to
the 100% EP irrigation level. However, at the end of the season, the 100% EP irrigation level showed a significant
improvement in weighted mean diameter. Furthermore, at the beginning of the season, the 15-30 cm depth showed a
significant increase in weighted mean diameter compared to the 0-15 cm depth, while there was no significant
difference between the two depths at the end of the season. Treatment B3O showed a significant increase in plant
height, recording 185.95 cm. Treatments B3O, B3, B2O, and ZO exhibited significant increases in plant dry weight
compared to all other treatments, with values of 10,966.67, 10,866.67, 10,633.33, and 10,233.33 kg/ha, respectively.