KUFA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING

A Gypsum soil is an example of problematic soils and susceptible to large volumetric deformations when they become saturated. Various structures for instance: roads, spread foot, different kinds of building, expressways, as well as dams are damaged due to the swell and collapse of soils, this make such structures unqualified for using. The damage in the construction works built upon collapsing soil may happen due to unexpected and frequently huge prompted settlement as saturating and that can be consider the problem statement such kind of soil following the constructing. Experimental works were conducted to checking the effect of using nanomaterials in the improving and stabilization of gypseous soil. In this study, the gypseous soils were collected from a site in Al-Najaf city in Iraq. The gypsum content was 30%. The experimental work was conducted to study the performance of collapsible soil improved by adding nanomaterials as Nano-clay and Nano-silica with different percentages. Direct shear test is used to determine the cohesion and angle of friction of the soil sample before and after adding the nanomaterials. The outcomes showed that when the Nano-clay and the Nano-silica are added to the soil, there will be a considerable increase in the value of cohesion and also increase of the angle of friction.

In this research paper, sustainable design is the means to superior living. A design that grows from nature, and merges back to nature. The blueprint design for a three-floor based residential building being modelled for a sustainable architecture is presented in this paper. It is believed that the concept of sustainability came up with passive self-healing design primarily to repair itself. Different type of architectures being evaluated for sustainability and self-healing mechanism in terms of performance, operations, smart material and surveillance factors. We believe that the concept of sustainability with passive self-healing mechanism design primarily to conserve building. The building prices started increasing and environmental problems became evident. Passive self-healing building designs reduced building costs after it is constructed. We believe that sustainable and self-healing mechanism design tends to become usual in future. The maximum performance is recorded for residential and industrial building at 92.45%, the smart material effectiveness in construction for residential stands at 91.34% and in the last the surveillance and scrutiny in propsed building for residential and storage stands at 90.87% respectively. It is the line that we draw between essential and overdone that makes a building sustainable with self-healing mechanism. Sustainability will become a significant element of architecture and this paper provides an insight into this much needed solution. Material like nano-material, reusable material and optimized load material have also been evaluated for the self-healing architectural buildings.

This research deals with a problematic saline soil, which is widespread in many cities of the world, and try to obtain a solution for the reduction in its strength due to soaking by using more than one additives.

In order to improve saline soil and to explain its effect, more than one additive were used in the research; polypropylene fiber is the major additive, which was used with cement in different percentages. Soil strength parameters were assessed by conducting direct shear test for both the natural and treated soil, which were tested under soaked condition after, submerged in water for 24 hour. The result of direct shear test showed that, for natural soil, there are large lose in the strength of soaked soil compared to that of dry soil due to the solubility of salt in soil. This decay in soil strength about (48.6%) for cohesion and (67.8%) from angel of internal friction.

Meanwhile, with adding PPF to soil and under soaked state, the soil strength parameters grew significantly with the increase in the rate of fiber, where both the soil cohesion and angel of internal friction increase. Soils, treated with (1.5%) polypropylene fibers as well as cement, their strength parameters improved significantly as cement amount increases, where the soil cohesion and angel of internal friction increase.

From experimental model which is built up to study and examine the laboratory result under complete submerged state, has a result for natural and treated soil showed improvement in bearing capacity of treated soil about 10 times compared to natural soil bearing capacity when tested under soaked condition.

Many road networks are using hot mix asphalt (HMA) to construct pavement layers. The Marshall method is the common procedure used in the design of the HMA and used at the time of the construction of the roadway to quality control. The present work is using ceramic fiber as a reinforcement to improve the characteristics of the HMA. The Marshall properties are examined by several tests such as Marshall stability test, and the flow test. The group of samples was made by utilizing 0.50, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 percentages of ceramic fibers by the total weight of the mixture. The results of the experiment showed the maximum Marshall stability occurred at a value of 1% ceramic fiber; the flow value decreased with increasing of fiber content, and the maximum Marshall quotient occurred at a value of 1% ceramic fiber. Also, the air voids, void filled with asphalt, and the void in mineral aggregate increased with increasing ceramic fiber content.

Silicone Hydrogel (SiHy) contact lenses are extremely fruitful in compare is onto preceding soft lenses; they were established to offer superior oxygen permeability. In the following paper, the hydrogel contact lenses based on silicone were made through the polymerization of 3- (methacryloyloxy) propyltris(trimethylsiloxy) silane (TRIS) with N,N dimethylacryl amide (DMA), Methyl methacrylate (MMA),and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). The features of silicone hydrogel lenses were studied depending on the approaches like equilibrium water component, oxygen permeability, optical transparency, protein adsorption, as well as cell toxicity.The outcomes revealed which the TRIS component in all makings rose the oxygen penetrability and decreased the equilibrium water component, while the DMA& HEMA participated the hydrophilicity of the silicon hydrogels and increases the equilibrium water content (EWC)%. The higher worth of oxygen penetrability was 102barrers, conforming to an equilibrium made of water component of 66%. generally, the silicone hydrogels in this work displayed decent oxygen permeability as well as optical transparency and anti protein adsorption. Hence forth, those polymers made of silicone hydrogel might be possible for manufacturing contact lens.

Macro-segregation is an irreversible defect in non-ferrous alloy casts. This can only be significantly minimized by controlling the melt and its flow trajectory during casting. The study identified runner angle inclination as a critical parameter that impacts the development, size and volume of macro-segregation occurrence in binary alloys. The methodology entails variation of runner angles to include 90°, 105°, 120°, 135°, and 150° at a constant casting speed of 100mm/s being the optimum casting speed established in previous study. The casts microstructure was examined using both optical and electron microscopes complemented with energy dispersive spectrometry. Results show that runner position at 120° is the most appropriate for the casting of aluminium-zinc alloy as this gave a highly homogeneous distribution of solute element in the microstructure with corresponding improved mechanical properties

Natural convective heat transfer in M-shaped roofs has been investigated using CFD approach with the aim of determining the flowfield and thermal characteristics of the attic when heated through the ceiling for pitch angles 14o, 20o, 25o and 35o and Rayleigh number between 106 and 107. The results show that the ‘M’ shape of the roof has strong influence on the airflow pattern and heat transfer. For all the roof pitches, counterrotating cells with varying intensities and thermal plumes are obtained. The air velocity variation laterally across the attic forms a sequence that mimics the flowfield thus enabling the relative size of a cell and its intensity at a position in an attic of a particular pitch to be predicted. The size of the twin vortices at the central area is found to increase by 4% with the roof pitch. As the pitch increases, the thermal plumes get thicker while their number reduces and heat transfer rate decreases.