Journal of Petroleum Research & Studies

Pore pressures are the fluid pressures in the pore spaces in the porous formations. Interactive Petrophysic (IP) software is used to determined the pore pressure gradient from log data. These data are (GR log, Bulk Density and Sonic log).
Surfer software is used to create the formation pressure distribution maps. These maps show the pore pressure gradient (PPG) for sex formations in contour forms. The formations are chosen depending upon the availability of formation in 11wells/11 fields. These maps are provided the pore pressure distribution in middle and south of Iraq and eventually, give a clear imagination for high and low pressure regions for each formation separately.
Six formation are considered in this research, these formations which existed in early Cretaceous and late Jurassic (deep formations) are Shuaiba, Zubair, Ratawi, Yammama, Sulaiy and Gotnia.
Finally, the outputs of these software helps to explain the abnormal pressure location and their distribution for the formation under study, this assists to expected the drilling mud program for these formation.

This paper presents a detailed formulation of a rate of penetration (ROP) model, considering many drilling parameters and conditions for obtaining maximum drilling rate as well as minimizing the drilling cost.
A regression analysis technique has been usedfor ROP modeling in Mishref formation.The data were extracted from routinely available mud and wirelinelogs. These data includes weight on bit ,rotary speed,horse per square inch,and transit time.For ROP modeling, data of five wells inHalfaya oil field in south Iraq were extracted.Statistical software called SPSS was used for improving the modeling data and to perform linear and nonlinear multiple regression analysis. This improving approach included detection the outliers of modeling parameters, grouping the modeling data, moving average and finally applying the regression analysis.
Results of modeling showed that the grouping of modeling data exhibited good convergence with actual data and the overall model of oil field could producegood fitness with the actual data in both cases of linear and nonlinear models.Also,a good estimation of drilling cost could be obtained when using this model.

The purpose of this study is to improve the specifications of cut back asphalt (S125) in order to use in the treatment of holes, potholes and cracks of roads. Different methods were carried out to enhance physical and mechanical properties and to get better construction behavior. These treatments are:-
First: The vacuum distillation of S125 cut back asphalt was employed to remove oil, vacuum gas oil and vacuum residue as a rapid curing. FTIR spectra of the four fractions of S125 were recorded. It was observed a low penetration and high softening point for the vacuum residue.
Second: extraction method using ethanol as a solvent was employed to extract light component that could be in the S125 cut back asphalt. The results indicated that the softening point was highly increased and the penetration as well as ductility was decreased to minimized level.
Third: Some Polymers were used as cross linking agent such as melamine and phenol formaldehyde resins.
Fourth: The unsaturated monomers were polymerized free radically to increase the solidification of S125.
Fifth: The hydrated white cement was used as additive to the S125 cutback asphalt at different ratios to improve the properties. This method was observed as a suitable and economic method, and easy employed compared to others and the best rheological behaviors were given in this method. Also the vacuum distillation method gave high improvements in rheological properties for asphalt residue.

Drilling fluids are any fluids which are circulated through a well while drilling in order to remove cuttings from a wellbore. During drilling, large volumes of fluids are circulating through the well and into open, partially enclosed or completely enclosed systems at high temperatures. When these drilling fluids are agitated during a circulating process there is significant potential for chemical exposure to workers and subsequent health effects. This study seeks to identify major areas of exposure to drilling fluids and the health hazards associated with the use of drilling fluids. The study also presents some challenges in setting the standards of exposure to the drilling fluids which have always not been given the same attention or concern as the effects and risk management of drilling fluids. Some exposure indicators are also presented.
Questionnaire has been done on seven Iraqi fields (Nahran Omar,Nasiriya ,Zubair,East Baghdad, North Rumaila, Humrain and Jambur ) to determine the administrative and protective processes adopted by our national companies in order to minimize the drilling fluid exposures. The questionnaire has been done also to get know the most important conclusions and use the reliable recommendations that achieve the research objective.
According to the data obtained from the questionnaire, there are no clear, standard and unique administrative and protective processes adopted by Iraqi drilling company in different sites. The study recommended the necessity of evaluating their processes related with reducing the risks of drilling fluid exposures and establishing a specialized committee to develop such drilling fluid systems.

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) is the main method to obtain synthesis gas in production of alcohol, ammonia, acids Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and other organic products. The study has investigated the reaction of SMR and it mechanism, explained the aerosol nanocatalysis (AnC) vibrated bed as alternative technology instead of using heterogeneous catalyst in bed. The research has proven that NiO is the best catalyst that could be used in the reaction of SMR by AnC after investigating catalysts: Fe2O3, K-905D2, GIAP-8, Co2O3 and NiO.