journal of the college of basic education

The study aimed to design and implement educational units according to the three cooperative learning strategy patterns (overlapping groups, network learning, and the research group) in learning some football skills. To identify the effect of the three cooperative learning strategies (overlapping groups, networked learning, and learning together) in learning some soccer skills for the three experimental research groups. Identifying which of the three styles is best in learning some soccer skills. The second chapter included many theoretical and interrelated studies, and the researcher used experimental research for its suitability to the objectives, hypotheses, and procedures of the research. Division (A) has 30 students, Division (B) has 32 students, and Division (C) has 30 students. As for the research sample, the researcher divided the sample into three research groups, consisting of 10 students for each group. Learning together, the researcher extracted the procedures of homogeneity and equivalence, and one of the most important research procedures is to design three educational units according to the three patterns, at two units per week, with a time of 45 minutes. The post-test was conducted, and the researcher used the statistical bag. The collaborative learning strategy allows for opportunities for students to exercise leadership, and to identify students who need guidance or coaching. Encouraging, and getting to know the weak students. The overlapping group style is the most effective in learning football skills, followed by the network learning style, and then the together learning style. Among the most important recommendations is the emphasis on the use of cooperative learning strategies in its various styles in teaching football skills. The use of a cooperative learning strategy in the style of overlapping groups in scoring and handling, and the use of the network learning style and learning together in rolling and suppression. Emphasis on the use of the cooperative education strategy when teaching middle school students in particular. Because it enhances the spirit of solicitation and teamwork among team members.

The study aimed to know the employment of the potential of digital media in addressing the academic reluctance of students of the Department of Art Education. To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher used the experimental design with two equal groups, with a pre and posttest of academic delay, to suit it on a sample of the third stage students of the Art Education Department. The results of the research The researcher used a number of statistical methods, including;t-test for two independent languages, the equation of difficulty and ease, the equation of discrimination, and the Kewder Richardson equation / 20
The most important results of the search showed;
1- Employing the capabilities of digital media has had an impact in addressing the academic sluggishness of the students of the Department of Art Education .
2- .There is a very high difference between the two responses, before and after, to the academic reluctance of students of the Department of Art Education.
Based on the findings of the study, the researcher recommended several recommendations, including:
1- Directing the teaching staff in the Art Education Department of the necessity of increasing interest in providing enrichment and guidance programs for students that contribute to addressing academic reluctance.
To complement the current research, the researcher suggested several proposals, including:
1- The effect of the cooperative learning strategy in addressing the academic reluctance of the students of the Department of Art Education in the subject of Art History.

The two researchers pointed out that the rapid invasion of technology over the years on the lives of individuals, along with the pressures of life, has led many to neglect their health. What led to a noticeable rise and weight gain over the years is that attention to health includes not neglecting exercise. As for the importance of the message, it comes as an attempt to find out the effect of Pilates exercises accompanying nutritional awareness on some body measurements for women aged (25-35) years. The two researchers noticed the phenomenon of weight gain, especially among women, that is widespread, because they live a sedentary and sedentary life, rarely engage in sports activities, and not adhere to a healthy diet to maintain body weight as a result of poor nutritional awareness, so the researchers decided to study this problem. Its aim is to identify the effect of Pilates exercises accompanying nutritional awareness on some functional indicators for women aged (25-35) years. The two researchers used the experimental method, which depends on collecting information and data related to the research topic. The two researchers identified the research community by the intentional method, and they are women aged (25-35) years who participate in fitness centers in Baghdad, and a random sample of (12) women practicing sports in the private halls of fitness centers in Baghdad was selected and the sample was chosen by random method. Functional indicators. The two researchers prepared special exercises for Pilates exercises, and gave lectures on nutritional awareness with three training units per week, and included presentation, analysis and discussion of the research results. It also included the conclusions and recommendations, that the adoption of Pilates exercises accompanying nutritional awareness reduces some functional indicators for women aged (25-35) years

The research discussed the features and characteristics of parametric architecture and how to use it as inputs for the design of contemporary architecture. The research started from defining what is parametric and parametric thinking and how to adopt engineering formulas and mathematical algorithms in designing architectural structures. By defining the relationship between the principles of mathematics and computer software in the production of design ideas based on the principles of the golden ratio, paper geometry and natural fractal to be inputs in the process of producing design ideas for fashion design. Hence, the focus was on what parametric structures are and how to adopt them to be structural elements different from the design recognized in fashion design, and to determine the nature and characteristics of parametric fashion design by focusing on the characteristics of non-stereotyping, flexibility and three-dimensional structure. The nature of the design adoption was determined by adopting the formulas of convergence and participation in the formation of products that satisfy the current consumer. A number of conclusions were reached, and they discussed the convergence and divergence in parametric design systems between architecture and fashion design

The research deals with some types of contemporary techniques through which it is possible to obtain a ceramic surface colored with clays by using colored clays either with color oxides or pigments or the color of natural clay, and is integrated into the ceramic work in different ways, which resulted in innovative ceramic works with visual excitement that achieved great success at the level of ceramic art, and the research may consist of four chapters, the first chapter is the structure of the research, which contained the research problem and has been formulated with the question: What are the most important techniques (clay coloring) in contemporary ceramics? The second chapter, which consists of the theoretical framework and previous studies, has included two sections, the first topic: the color show of clays in ceramics, the second section, an introduction to contemporary ceramics, as well as the indicators that resulted from the theoretical framework, the research has put forward the previous study, which approached and moved away from our current study in a number of points, while the third chapter included research procedures, which contained the research community and its samples, the research method, the research tool, and the analysis of the samples ( 4), and the fourth chapter contained the results of the research and its conclusions

The research aims to identify the impact of the P.M.I strategy on the achievement of fifth grade students in science, and to verify the aim of the research, the following null hypothesis was formulated:
There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of the students of the experimental group who will study according to the P.M.I strategy and the average scores of the control group who will study according to the usual method of achievement.
The current research community represented the students of the fifth grade of primary school in the morning public schools for boys affiliated to the Directorate of Education of the Baghdad Governorate, Al-Rusafa, for the academic year (2022-2023), as it reached (74) primary schools for boys. (As the number of its students reached (85) students in three divisions (A - B - C), and by simple random assignment, the research sample was chosen to represent (50) students in two divisions (AB) with (24), (26) students, respectively, as Division (a) represented the experimental group that studied according to the steps of the P.M.I strategy, and division (b) the control group that studied according to the usual method .The experimental design with partial control was chosen for the two experimental and control groups with a post-test for the achievement of the fifth grade primary students .The experiment was applied in the classroom. The first academic session lasted (10) weeks, and the content of the first three units, including the first five chapters, was analyzed according to Bloom\'s classification of the cognitive field for levels (remembering, comprehension, application, analysis, and synthesis), as it reached 164 \"behavioral\" goals. Prepared (23) daily teaching plans for the experimental group using the M.I. strategy. The same applies to the control group according to the usual method
The students of the research sample (experimental and control) were rewarded in some variables that may affect
The results of the research are (intelligence, previous information, and previous achievement).
The researcher prepared the research tool, which is the achievement test, as it reached (28) multiple-choice objective paragraphs with four alternatives. In this regard, the researcher took an agreement rate of (85%) or more as a criterion for accepting each paragraph of the test, as the experts agreed on the validity and integrity of all test paragraphs. Thus, the apparent validity of the tool and the validity of the content were verified through the test map, as the validity of the content for the achievement test reached (75%) .)
After completing the application of the experiment, the achievement test was conducted on the students of the research sample (the experimental group) and the control group, and the data were analyzed statistically, the results of the research, \"depending on the statistical bag (spss), and the results showed the superiority of the students of the experimental group who studied using the .P.M strategy in the achievement test over their peers in the control group
Statistical and the size of a significant impact on the collection
In the light of the research results, the researcher recommends using the P.M.I strategy in teaching as an alternative to the method
The usual number of suggestions is suggested .

The aim of the current research is to identify the mathematical strength of students-teachers in the Department of Mathematics / Colleges of Basic Education. The research community was limited to students-teachers in the Department of Mathematics in the Colleges of Basic Education, in the Iraqi universities (Al-Mustansiriya, Maysan, Diyala, Mosul, Tal Afar, Tikrit, Kufa), the morning study for the academic year 2021-2022 AD, as the research sample was determined by the intentional method of students- Teachers in the Mathematics Department of the universities (Al-Mustansiriya, Maysan, Diyala) totaling (440) male and female students. The researchers prepared a mathematical strength test consisting of ((30 objective items (multiple choice) with four alternatives for each paragraph, and two indicators of virtual validity and constructive validity were extracted) , and to ensure the stability of the scale using the internal consistency coefficient method (alpha-Cronbach), and the stability coefficient reached (0.812) and after applying the research tool to the sample, the test was corrected and the data was sorted and analyzed statistically. Differences in the athletic strength test according to the gender variable. In the light of these results, the researchers made a number of recommendations and proposals, including providing curricula writers with sufficient and clear information about the importance of athletic strength, conducting a study similar to the current study on students of the College of Education or teacher training institutes

The current research aims to identify the role of the (REAP) strategy in developing the academic achievement of the students of the Institute of Fine Arts in the subject of art criticism. The researcher formulated the research hypothesis: - There are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the average ranks of the students of the experimental group who studied according to the (R.E.A.P) strategy and between the average ranks of the students of the control group who studied according to the (usual method). ) about their responses to the achievement test of the post-art analysis and criticism subject. The experimental approach was used, and the experimental design was used with two equal experimental and control groups. The total sample of the research was (40) students, (20) students as the experimental group, (20) students as the control group. The researcher prepared the research tool represented by the achievement test, consisting of (25) multiple-choice items, and it was characterized by honesty and stability. The experiment lasted (8) weeks, after applying the tool and using statistical methods in data processing. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group students who studied according to (REAP strategy) and the mean scores of the control group students who studied according to the (usual method) about their answers to the achievement test. Afterward, in favor of the experimental group. This indicates that the study plans based on the REAP strategy have caused a development in the academic achievement of the students of the experimental group The most important conclusions and recommendations are that the REAP strategy makes the student more capable of understanding the material, because the student in this strategy is the one who thinks, concludes, observes, justifies and interprets, in contrast to the usual methods that do not allow the student to participate in such a way.

This research aims to identify the colors and their meanings in the drawings of slow-learning pupils. The first chapter includes an introduction, research problem, significance, objectives, and scope of the research. The researchers defined the terms at the end of the research. The second chapter consists of the theoretical framework and previous studies. The theoretical framework includes two sections. The first section discusses the concept of color meanings, while the second section discusses the concept of slow-learning children and the indicators of the theoretical framework. Regarding previous studies, the researchers did not find a study that directly addressed the subject of this research. However, they found other studies that discussed slow-learning children, such as the study by Al-Issaawi (1977) and the study by Reddh and Ramar (1996). The third chapter includes the methodology and research procedures. The fourth chapter presents the findings, and the most significant finding was the prominence of the red color in all the drawings, indicating a connection with the students\' emotions since red is the strongest and most influential color in emotion. Based on the current research results, the research concludes with recommendations and proposals .

This study dealt with the study of the formation methods between the potters Valentinus and Maher al-Samarrai in contemporary Iraqi ceramics, and the study came from four chapters, such as the first the general framework of the research and the problem that laid out the following hypothesis (and building what was presented the researcher considered a justified reason to present the research problem which was in what is the nature and methods of formation Between the potters Valentinus and Maher al-Samarrai).
It represented the way to answer the questions posed by the researcher, as the importance of the research lies in its qualitative study and scientific addition in the topic of methods of formation in contemporary Iraqi ceramics, and contributed to - also - research in identifying the aesthetic and artistic awareness of potters through an interest in formation methods Add to this disclosure On the experiences of artists in the new capabilities, means, goals and contents in their ceramic products.
There were seven keywords that summarized the main topics of the research (style, formation, techniques, Iraqi ceramics, contemporary, stylistic diversity among artists, ceramic abstractions).

The study aims to identify the effect of the special exercises prepared by the researchers to develop some basic skills of the youth basketball players.
The study sample amounted to (12) players with ages of (16-18) years, and the research sample was divided into two experimental and control groups equally, with (6) players for each group, and the special exercises prepared by the researchers were applied to the experimental group, by ( 8) weeks and each week (3) training units, with a total of units. Training in the training program, (24) training units, and the time taken In the training unit (40 minutes), and taking into account the correct organization of work and rest time by rationing the intensity of the exercises used in the training units by using the high-intensity interval training method that the researchers used in their study had a positive effect on developing the skills of the experimental group players at the expense of The group is a control group, and after the end of applying the special exercises to the experimental group, post-tests were conducted on the research sample. And then the means were used Appropriate statistics, where the researchers reached several conclusions, including that training using the high-intensity interval training method for the experimental group showed clear superiority in all research tests in relation to the pre- and post-tests. As for the posttests, the experimental group showed a remarkable superiority over the control group in all tests except for the peaceful scoring test.
The researchers also recommend the necessity of adopting the use of high-intensity interval training in developing the performance of skills better and with high efficiency throughout the periods of the match, and conducting similar and related research and studies on different age groups and on different events and activities

The current research aimed at the effect of the generative learning strategy on the cognitive achievement of the third stage students of the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, College of Basic Education, Al-Mustansiriya University, with the subject of teaching methods. If the research community consists of four halls (1, 2, 3, 4) and their number is (118) students, and the sample was chosen by random method (lottery), which was represented by halls (1 and 3), the experimental group numbering (62) and halls (2 and 4). The control group, which numbered (56) students, thus the number of the sample became (118), then (18) students (12) were excluded from the experimental group and (6) Of the remaining control group, they are those who are late, absent and non-compliant. Thus, the actual number of the experiment was (100).
The researcher adopted the cognitive achievement test, where he conducted a pre-test for the two groups, a post-test for the two groups, and a test for another exploratory group.
After completing the experiment, the results were statistically analyzed using the post test for the two groups, and the results showed that the experimental group using the generative learning strategy was superior to the control group, and the researcher concluded the following:
The generative learning strategy proved to be effective in increasing students' cognitive achievement, and the generative learning strategy proved to bring comfort to the students and increased the research sample.

The aim of the research is to identify the intellectual diversity in the design of artistic works and their relationship to the creative abilities of art education students. The research community consisted of (10) plastic artworks, and (3) artworks were selected as a sample for analysis. The researcher used the descriptive approach (content analysis method). It fits with the goal of the research, and the research tool was prepared as it consisted of an analysis form, and the researcher used the statistical methods: Cooper's equation to find the percentage of agreement between the arbitrators, Scott's equation to calculate the validity of the tool, and Pearson correlation coefficient to extract the stability by the split-half method. As for the most important results: the secondary items appeared (designing technical elements, techniques, using materials). Strongly associated with the main paragraph of intellectual diversity, where the formations of artistic forms of civilization and heritage were considered as authentic folk art characterized by the inherited environmental beauty. As for the most important conclusions: The intellectual diversity of artistic works, with the diversity of the basic elements in the implementation of artworks on different materials, adds to the works an artistic aesthetic through the consistency of the design form with the volume and function of the completed work.

The research aims to identify the deep understanding and its relationship to deductive thinking among the students of the third intermediate grade in mathematics. The research sample consisted of (400) female students in some schools affiliated to the General Directorate of Education of Baghdad / Al-Rusafa II, where the researcher adopted the test (Al-Mashhadani, 2021) for deep understanding and relied in preparing the items for the deductive reasoning test on previous literature and studies, using the (t) test and coefficient Pearson\'s correlation to compare the results. The results revealed:
1- There is a statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the hypothetical mean and the arithmetic mean of the grades of the third intermediate grade students in the deep understanding test and the deductive thinking test, in favor of the arithmetic mean.
2- There is a positive statistically significant correlation between the scores of the third intermediate grade students in the deep understanding test and their scores in the deductive thinking test.
In the light of the results of the research, the researcher concluded that the level of the third intermediate grade students was good in the deep understanding test and the deductive thinking test, and there was a positive correlation between deep understanding and inferential thinking, and she recommended a number of recommendations and proposals.

The current study aims to identify (the effect of problem-centered education strategy in teaching systemic thinking skills in practical subject among, students of the College of Basic Education). A group that included (36) students, who were taught using the problem-centered education strategy, and Division (C) a control group that included (37) students, who were taught the same content in the usual way. The students of the College of Basic Education, the research sample in the two groups, were rewarded with variables (intelligence test, previous information, systemic thinking). The researcher prepared a systemic thinking skills test consisting of a number of paragraphs amounting to (16) paragraphs. Richardson and reached (0.84). When applying the t-test for two independent samples, the result was that there were statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the mean scores of the students of the two groups in the systematic thinking skills test, in favor of the experimental group, which taught its students with the problem-centered education strategy.
1- The study recommended the need to use the problem-centered education strategy in teaching because of its ability to teach students of the College of Basic Education how they can reach knowledge by themselves. It is preferable to develop thinking of all kinds among students, especially systemic thinking through evaluation questions, which causes the learner to think.
2 - The need to include modern teaching strategies and models within the vocabulary of teaching methods in educational colleges, including the hot chair strategy and the problem-centered learning strategy.

The study aimed to prepare exercises within the educational field using a sensory electronic system in developing some abilities in futsal as well as identifying The effect of these exercises on the development of these abilities for futsal athletes, the researcher assumed several hypotheses, including the existence of statistically significant hypotheses between The results of the pre and posttests in all the research variables refer to the test of the youth players of the Baghdad group in the youth league for the year 2022-2023 and their number was (90) players as a community for his research, then he chose two teams from the seven teams of the Baghdad Group for the Youth League as a sample for his research, and he chose (10) players from each team to form two groups One of them is experimental and the other is control, and the percentage of the sample to the community is (22%). The experimental group was given exercises in the educational field using the electronic system. Sensory and auxiliary tools. The duration of the main experiment lasted (12) weeks, with an average of (12) educational units, the time of each unit was (90) minutes. After that, the tests were conducted. The dimension of the harmonious abilities of futsal for the halls and the spss statistical bag system was used in the process of processing the results of the pre and posttests, and the researcher reached to A number of conclusions, the most important of which was that the exercises prepared and designed by the researcher within the educational field of the sensory electronic system were effective in developing some The harmonious capabilities of the research sample that was applied to it, and I recommend taking the results of this study and benefiting from them in developing the educational units in futsal football for the youth clubs of the Baghdad group.

The research examines the characteristics and variables of Biosystems according to their structural and surface features, based on an explanation of what their nature is according to the variables of chemical conversion of energy, the multifunctional properties of plant leaves, water resistance in insects, dry adhesion, low hydrodynamic drag, and aerodynamics. (6) models were selected as a sample for analysis. A number of results were reached, all of which were a careful analysis of the structural and performance variables of the models. Hence, a number of conclusions were reached that provided an analytical picture of the importance and role of Biosystems in expanding the frameworks of design knowledge.

The strategy of learning through play is an activity that you direct to children to modify and improve their behavior, and helps in developing the emotional, physical and mental abilities of children. And their acquisition of knowledge and teaching the principles to them. The thesis aimed to prepare educational units according to the strategy of learning by playing and to identify the effect of the strategy of learning by playing in learning some skills in football for second-grade intermediate students. Among the most important procedures for the research, the researchers used the experimental method. And by the experimental design method, where the experimental and control groups are equivalent in all the factors that may affect the dependent variable except for one factor, which is exposure to the independent variable. The research community was chosen in a deliberate way from the students of the third schools of education in Baghdad Karkh - Abu Al-Ala Al-Maarri Intermediate School for Boys - Second grade average. The total research community is 185 students. As for the research sample, the two researchers conducted a lottery to select (20) students from them in a random way, and after arranging them in ascending order, they were divided in the orderly random way into two groups (experimental and control) and by (10) students for each group, to form a percentage A percentage of (10.81%) from the original research community, and the researchers proceeded to do parity for the two research groups, then the pre-test and the exploratory experiment, the preparation of educational units, the implementation of educational curricula, and then a post-test to reach results. The application of harmonic exercises led to the acquisition of some of the harmonic skills, muscular and nervous, and consequently, their consolidation Developing them. In light of the conclusions reached by the researchers, it is recommended to apply the learning through play strategy used in this research within the curriculum of teaching age groups in the General Directorate of Curricula in the Ministry of Education. And the application of exercises similar to playing in other games for boys and girls of different stages. The necessity of using harmonic exercises During the implementation of the preparatory section for the physical education lesson because of its importance in acquiring and developing skills.

In the present work, have measured the radon gas concentration in ten cement samples from different countries like, (Iraq,Egypt,Iran,Lebanon,Turkyi and Jordan) by using alpha-emitters registrations which are emitted from radon gas in (CR-39) nuclear track detector.
The obtained results have shown that the Maximum average value of radon gas concentration in cement samples which was (37.68 Bq/m3) origin of Turkish, while the lowest average of radon gas concentration in cement samples Delete which was (17.87 Bq/m3) origin of Iraq (Najif).The present results Show the radon gas concentration in all cements samples was below the allowed limit from (International Commission of Radiation Protection) (ICRP) agency.

The importance of the current research lies in the necessity of designing and legalizing a special compound test similar to playing conditions that take into account the high and advanced level and differentiate between levels, capabilities and individual differences to take into account abilities and privacy when performing training for young football players, as well as continuing to supply the training environment for young players and provide clarification to coaches. As for the research problem, the current research in the use of this special composite test as an auxiliary training tool is an attempt to develop some physical characteristics and basic skills for junior footballers that may contribute to upgrading some players’ abilities, including physical and skill, in order to reach the best levels, so the researcher decided to enter into this problem and work on Designing a special composite test and setting standards for its final vocabulary for the purpose of using it as a basis for evaluating part of the training situation for young footballers
The goal of the current research was determined by designing and codifying the short handling test - rolling - side handling - receiving from the side from the top - scoring accuracy as part of evaluating the training status of young football players. From above - the accuracy of scoring as part of the assessment of the training status of young football players.
As for the society and sample of the research, nine clubs were dealt with as a stratified sample and were divided randomly so that each group is an independent sample from the other by a separate procedure from the other research procedures, as (Salah al-Din Mahmoud) states, “The randomness in selecting samples does not mean accidental or spontaneous, but is achieved with complete care. By designing the methods of inspections, and the sample consisted of (186) players with a percentage of (72.6%) distributed over the nine clubs. To be consistent with the phenomenon studied
Statistical means: The researcher used the statistical package (SPSS.Ver 21) to obtain the following:
(arithmetic means, standard deviations, median, skew coefficient, Pearson simple correlation coefficient, test (τ) for uncorrelated (independent) samples, standard error, standard degree and modified standard degree, range).
The researcher reached the most important conclusions and recommendations:
- Reaching the construction of special composite tests as part of evaluating the training status of young football players.
Reaching standard scores and levels for the composite test of performance significance for young football players.
Recommendations: - According to the results and conclusions, the researcher recommends the following:
The necessity of adopting the special composite test by trainers and researchers as a means of assessment, which is consistent and close to the level of performance during competition.
The use of grades and standard levels by coaches and researchers to judge the level of young players in football

The research problem is determined by the following question: What are the reasons for the low productivity of art education teachers in presenting school theater performances from their point of view? What are the proposed solutions? As for the aim of the research, it is to identify the reasons for the low productive motivation of art education teachers to present theatrical performances from their point of view, so the research was limited to art education teachers who obtained a diploma working in the Diyala Education Directorate for the academic year (2022-2023) and whose service is less than (5) years. The researcher followed the descriptive approach to conduct the research, and he distributed a closed questionnaire to educational supervisors in the field of art education in order to ensure scientific, if there are actually scientific indicators that confirm what the researcher touched through his field of work, of a decrease in the motivation of teachers towards providing performances for school theater, either the research community consisted of art education teachers, it appeared that their number (124) teacher distributed to (62) befur (90) teachers only from holders of a diploma in the disciplines of art education.
The researcher submitted an open questionnaire for the survey sample, and then identified a random sample, in which he asked to answer the basic question of the research, then the researcher emptied these answers in the form of paragraphs in the tool, then a research tool was built in the form of a questionnaire consisting of four main areas: (related to the school system - related to the student - related to the teacher Art education - related to the social environment), each area contains three paragraphs, so that the total paragraphs of the tool (12) paragraphs, extracted for it Psychometric properties and then presented to the statistical analysis sample to determine the weighted mean and relative weights for each field and paragraph

The aim of the current research is to identify the level of primary school students\' possession of reflective thinking.
To achieve the goal of the research, a test consisting of (21) objective items was prepared and distributed over five skills, which are (observation and reflection, discovering fallacies, reaching conclusions, developing proposed solutions, and giving convincing explanations). The apparent validity of the test was calculated by presenting it to a group of arbitrators. And the experts and the validity of the internal consistency in the light of the following indicators (the relationship of the item score with the total score of the test, the relationship of the item with the skill attached to it). As for the reliability of the test, it was calculated using the Keuder-Richardson equation (K - R20), and it was applied in the academic year 2021-2022 on a sample of students The sixth grade of elementary school in the General Directorate of Education of Maysan Governorate, consisting of (260) students, applied the test for a period of three days, starting from Sunday corresponding to (3/20/2022), and the following statistical methods were used (difficulty coefficient, discrimination coefficient, effectiveness of wrong alternatives, Chi-square, T-test for one sample and for two samples) using the SPSS statistical package, and the following results were reached:
There is a weakness in the level of possession of reflective thinking by primary school students.
The two researchers recommended several recommendations, including: educating mathematics teachers of the importance of reflective thinking among students as one of the important goals of teaching mathematics, as well as qualifying and training them through training courses.
Some proposals were also put forward, including: Conducting a study on the causes of difficulties in learning reflective thinking and the extent of their spread in Baghdad governorate or in other governorates.

The construction of the body as a subject and essentially denotes a human formation and formulates a form, that it is a sign and all signs are only realized through its uses and every use tends to a pattern and every pattern refers to a proven indication in the self-recording, and this totality is achieved in the body and in its shadow which is considered a source of certainty over being And existence, the affirmation of the shadow is an affirmation of the existence of the body whose presence achieves continuity and the ability to permanence and movement, and the body is an object that possesses form, so it prevails for thousands of years, so the current research dealt with the following chapters:
Chapter one: methodological framework
As he presented the research problem, which is (what are the constructive and expressive modalities that form the body of contemporary Iraqi painting.
As well as the importance of research and the need for it, the goal, and the limits, as well as defining the most important technical terms, represented by the structure and the body.
The second chapter: the theoretical framework. It consisted of three topics: the first topic: the concept of the body philosophically, the second topic: the connotations of the body subjectively and suggestively, the third topic: the image of the body technically, then the researcher came out with indicators of the theoretical framework.
The third chapter: the research procedures, which are as follows: the research methodology, the research tool, the research community, and the research sample.
Chapter Four: It includes the following: research results, conclusions, recommendations, suggestions and sources that were adopted in writing the research.

The theatrical text and its role in activating educational values through puppet performances being the closest to the child's mind, which may interfere greatly with his psychology and behavior as an individual and his influence in society, which requires an actual study of the child's behavior through which the objectives of the puppet theater are achieved, which require the study of all influences, problems and factors Which contribute to the success of this task and its role in activating the purposeful values, based on the foregoing, the research came out with the following question: What are the educational values and how does it affect the texts of the puppet theater?
The current research aims to identify the educational values in the puppet theater texts.
The research community included (4) theatrical texts written by (Dr. Hussein Ali Harf), which achieve artistic educational values. The research sample was determined by one text entitled (Union of Birds), and the sample was chosen based on the opinion of experts specialized in the field of theatrical composition, as it contains educational values. The research came out with a set of results, which are:
As it included (group unity, family love, cooperation, honesty, obedience, comfort, excitement, fun, happiness, achievement, strength, speaking, intelligence, food).
The most important conclusions are:
Social values: (adverb and kindness, tolerance, generosity and giving, family love) do not exist in the conflict formula within the play.
The most important recommendations are:
Emphasis on the basic educational values that build personality in a way that reflects positively on the system of social values and other educational values.

This research is concerned with studying the dialectical textual difference between semiotics, deconstruction and reception in contemporary ceramics, and it is located in four chapters. Disclosure of the differences of the artistic text that ceramics invested in literary and critical readings through the formal system and its interpretations, and then the limits of the research. Contemporary ceramicist and his philosophical reading in advance of the indicators of the theoretical framework, and then the third topic touched on the theory of reading and receiving and its impact on the diversity of reading.
There were six keywords that summarized the main topics of the research (semiotics, deconstruction, reception theory, ceramic text, sign, and contemporary).

The current research aims to identify (the extent to which the fourth grade science book includes future thinking skills), and to achieve this goal, the researcher asked the following questions:
First: What are the future thinking skills that should be included in the science book for the fourth grade of primary school?
Second: What is the extent to which future thinking skills are included in the science book for the fourth grade of primary school?
In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher used the analytical descriptive approach, which is represented by the method of content analysis, as the research sample is from the science book for the fourth grade of primary school decided by the Iraqi Ministry of Education for the academic year (2022-2023 AD), after excluding (the front of the book, the introduction of the book, the list of contents, index list, main headings, chapter interfaces, and the main idea), from the analysis, and the researcher relied on the research tool represented by the list of future thinking skills according to the classification (Hafez, 2015) for the purpose of using it in analyzing the content of the science textbook for the fourth grade of primary school, and its validity was confirmed after presentation. on a group of arbitrators with specialization, and got an agreement rate (80%). In its final form, the tool consisted of four skills, namely (prediction, which includes four sub-skills under (11) indicators, the visualization skill, which includes five sub-skills under (11) indicators, and the future problem-solving skill, which includes six sub-skills under (16) indicators. (indicator, and the skill of expectation, which includes three sub-skills under which (10) indicators fall under. The book was analyzed according to this tool, and a sample of the analysis sample was presented to a group of arbitrators, and they agreed on the validity of the analysis process, and the stability of the analysis was also confirmed. Where the researcher used the two methods of stability, the first over time, and got an agreement percentage (%92.72), and the second through other analysts, and the agreement ratio was obtained between him and the first analyst (%88.40), and between him and the second analyst (%87.65) using the Holsty equation. The results of the research revealed that: the visualization skill came in the first place with a rate of (%42.67), and the skill of solving future problems came in the second place with a rate of (23.26%), while the prediction skill came in the third place with a rate of (%19.45)and the fourth and last place was the skill of prediction with a rate of (%14.63), and when compared with the reported percentages of future thinking skills agreed upon by the arbitrators and experts, we find that the inclusion of future thinking skills in the science book for the fourth grade of primary school came with a weak inclusion rate.
In light of these results, a number of recommendations and proposals were made, namely:
1- Reconsidering the planning and authoring of the science book for the fourth grade of primary school in order to be compatible with modern trends that call for the development of education in a way that develops future thinking skills for all learners and in the various educational stages.
2- Invite the specialists and those concerned with the preparation of school curricula for science in the General Directorate of Curricula in the Ministry of Education to take advantage of the results reached in working to achieve a balance in including future thinking skills in the content of science books for the primary stage.
3- Enriching textbooks with appropriate activities and exercises in a sequential and integrated format that allows the development of future thinking skills, which contributes to achieving the objectives of teaching science in the primary stage.
4- Benefiting from the research tool, a list of future thinking skills that were prepared in the current research in the analysis of other science books for other educational stages.
5- The interest of the Directorates of Preparation and Training in holding training courses, seminars and workshops for science teachers at the primary level in order to raise their professional levels, introduce them to the skills of future thinking, and train them to employ future thinking strategies in their lessons.
6- Laying foundations and standards for building science curricula at the primary stage so that they intentionally include future thinking skills to ensure integration and continuity of the learning and teaching processes.
7- The recommendation to teachers in general and science teachers in particular is to work on developing themselves by continuing to read modern scientific books for educational curricula so that they can keep pace with scientific development.

The packing efficiency of 20 samples (P1-P20) of food packaged in flexible plastic bags available in the markets of Baghdad was determined in this study, the results indicated that there was no batch number in P2, P3, P4, P7, P9, P19 and P20 and it was not clear in P1. Also, it was note the difference in the validity period of the samples and the non-conformity of others to the validity period in the Iraqi standard specification No. 1847. (2012). as it was 6 month in P1 and P2, while it was 24 month in P5, 12 month in P18 and it was not clear in P7, but rather it was replaced by the phrase (valid for consumption for a period of five years from the date of production). The results of the welding examination showed the failure of P3, P4, P5, P15, P16 and P17, while the obtained values were 611, 428, 223, 515, 326, 187, 288 and 440 mbar for P8, P9, P10, P11, P12, P13, P18 and P20, respectively, while the coating thicknesses were 0.048, 0.096, 0.093, 0.069, 0.088, 0.106, 0.110, 0.487, 0.142, 0.135, 0.136, 0.059, 0.099, 0.113 and 0.081. and 0.083, 0.063, 0.083, 0.127, and 0.094 µm for P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8, P9, P10, P11, P12, P13, P14, P15, P16, P17, P18, P19 and P20, respectively.

The twentieth century witnessed a set of technological transformations in all fields, which were accompanied by changes in the quality of pollutants in the natural and urban environment, and became like noise invading our planet without mercy, even rural areas are nostalgic for the calm that has been absent from them irrevocably, so man has become more vulnerable to various types of radiation and harmful waves that are not The visual effects caused by the elements used in the interior space, therefore anxiety, insomnia and psychological pressure dominated the daily behavior of people, penetrating into the community life and within the same family. The first chapter contained the research problem that emerged through the following question: "Is the study of interior space designs according to the Stoic philosophy important in terms of the func tional and aesthetic data of the university library spaces whose design is based on this system that achieves design balance?" The aim of the research was determined: to reveal the materialistic tendency of the Stoic philosophy and the possibility of creating comfortable designs for the users of the interior space.

The threats and attacks on mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are significant, making it difficult for traditional security systems to provide complete protection. Therefore, an efficient hybrid clustering approach must be designed to construct an intrusion detection system (IDS) that is suitable for this network. IDSs are crucial in MANETs due to the presence of black hole threats, which are the most significant vulnerabilities in this network.Our suggestion is to use a hybrid classifier to detect black hole attacks in MANETs. This can be achieved by using the Naïve Bayes algorithm for clustering to select the cluster head, and modify the Genetic Algorithm to identify the node responsible for a black hole attack on the optimal path. Finally, the confidence server instructs the destination node. If permitted, it alerts the collection head; otherwise, it identifies the node as a malicious one in the black hole attack within each cluster. The results of our proposed technique show that it has improved package damage rate, quantity, package distribution ratio, whole network interruption, and standardized directing capacity parameters compared to current black hole detection approaches.
The simulation was done in KDD cup 99 to carry out black hole attack and trace file obtained is used as dataset for training and testing purpose using visual basic.