Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences

Sheep are significantly contributed to the meat production and milk yield in Duhok region. Dystocia is extremely common reproductive conditions affecting sheep and could causes death of both ewe and newborn. This research is aimed as a reconsidering study on the prevalence and etiology of birth difficulties in sheep. A total of 86 dystocia cases were recorded at the veterinarian clinic during the period from September, 2019 to February, 2020. The effects of factors analyzed by general linear models. The significantly highest prevalence was documented during winter season and ewes carrying male fetuses (p ≤ 0.05). Fetal dystocia 61(70.93%) cases outnumbered maternal causes 25 (29.07%) cases. The fetal malpresentation represent the most common fetal causes (43.02%), and ring womb (16.28%) as maternal causes. Other fetal causes included twinning, fetal oversize and monsters, whereas maternal causes include narrow pelvis, uterine inertia and toxemia. Fetuses were delivered by obstetrical management in 59 (68.60%) cases including manual traction in 55 (63.95%) cases, and hormonal treatment with manual traction in 4 (4.65%) cases. Whereas remaining cases 27 (31.4%) were surgically treated by caesarean section (CS). In conclusion, dystocia recorded as a major obstetrical problem in ewes and emergency assistance could reduce the mortality rate for both pregnant animals and their newborn. In order to safe high numbers of fetal and dam and to reduce the cost of treatments, sheep with dystocia should be considered as an emergency cases without postponing.

This experiment was conducted for the purpose of knowing the impact of antioxidant nanoparticles of Nigella sativa agonist oxidative stress of the Nanoparticles the iron in rats .the experiment was done in veterinary medicine Al-Qadisiyah university at the animal house .This study was carried out during a period from 20.11.2020 to 20.04.2021 (64) sixty four mature rat 90 days age , average body weight (100-120) gram were used in the current study the rat were kept under controlled hygienic condition with free access to food and water for two week before starting the experiment. The animal were randomly assigned into 4equal groups 16 each and treated as follow. Experimental design :-first group(control) :will be kept without treatment as negative control .Second group (IONP) :Will be orally administered with IONPs (10 mg\kg\day) for 28 days .Third group (NSMNP) : Will be orally administered with NSMNPSs(25 mg \ Kg ) for 28 day .Forth group (IO+NSMNP) mix : will be orally administered with combination of IONPs(10mg\kg\day) and NSMNPs (25mg\ kg \day)for 28day.Each group will be allocated to two subgroup as follow: Subgroup 1:8 male rats will be sacrificed after 14 days of treatment .Subgroup 2:8 male rats will be sacrificed after 28 days of treatment. The following objective will be studied ,and the most important changes observed Histological examination when administration after 14 and 28 days administration Nanoparticles showed on liver slid Iron loss hepatic cords necrosis hepatocytes and around central vein, congestion blood vessel inflammatory cells macrophages ,hyperplasia in bile duct ,congestion bile duct ,marked of dilation of sinusoids, hemorrhage within the hepatic tissue ,proliferation of kupffer cells ,binucleated hepatocytes compared with control. mix groups(IO+NSMNP) showed marked mitotic division of hepatocytes which showed as binucleated ,Congestion and dilation of sinusoids with proliferation of Kupffer cells ,showed of radially arrangement of hepatocytes around of central vein, appearance (hexagonal shape with prominent ¢ral nuclei) and few showed as binuleated hepatocytes .Dilation of sinusoids and present of Kupffer cells . with scattered and mild infiltration of macrophages and few congestion in the blood vessels .The hepatocytes showed with normal shape, compared with control. When administration Nanoparticles Nigella sativa normal Gross section obtained from liver tissue normal radially arrangement of hepatic cords around normal central vein. Binuleated hepatic cords around normal central vein. Binuleated hepatocytes, compared with control.

The current study aims to investigate the dose and time dependently effects of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (m-IONPs) on female rat’s reproductive functions. Sixty four mature female rats, aged 90 days 164±4.5 g. were divided to control (C) and three treatment groups (16 females each); orally administered with distilled water, and 1, 5, 10 mg/kg/day of IONPs solution (TL, TM, and TH groups), respectively, for 28 days. Eight females from each group were sacrificed after 14 and 28 days of treatment periods. After each period, the females were weighted and sacrificed. Decreased body weight and genital organ weights were shown in TM and TH groups, at both experimental periods, compared with control in a dose-dependent manner. Serum concentration of GnRH, FSH, LH, and estradiol increased in TL group and decreased in TM and TH groups compared with control in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. At both periods, the lowest expression levels (p˂0.05) of pituitary FSHβ and LHβ genes and ovarian FSHR, aromatase, and fecβ genes were recorded in TM and TH groups and the highest levels were expressed in TL group. The ovarian sections of TL females, showed normal architecture, but those from TM and TH groups showed degenerative changes, reduced population of mature follicles. In conclusion, the low dose of mIONPS has improving effect on female reproduction, whereas middle or high doses have pathological effects on reproductive organs.

The purpose of this study was N. caninum detection in dogs and determine the effects of sex, age, months and areas on the infection rate in Baghdad by using (Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay -iELISA) from January to October (2021).Ninety one blood samples were collected from the stray dogs (50 samples) and domesticate dogs (41 samples). The result of IELISA was recorded overall infection rate 24.17% (22/91). The higher infection rate 34.00% (17/50) was recorded in stray dogs than domestic dogs 12.19% (5/41) and males 29.16% (14/48) than females 18.60 % (8/43). A higher infection rate in domestic dogs was recorded in the age group more than 5 years (18.18%), while in the age less than 6 months, there was no infection rate. In stray dogs and domestic dogs a higher infection rate (40.00%) was found in April and May May; there was no infection rate (0.00%) in January and February. Between areas, there was a significant (P≤ 0.05) difference with Al-Shalaa (36.84%) having the highest infection rate and Plalestine Street has the lowest infection rate (8.33%). Antibodies to N. caninum have been found in the blood of stray and domestic dogs in Baghdad, Iraq.

The principles of this work were to isolate the bacterium Salmonella and evaluate its antibiotic resistance capability from rectal fecal samples of some types of animals from Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq. A total of 38 randomly collected samples (13, 16, and 9) from healthy cows, sheep, and goats, respectively, were employed to take samples via the use of commercially-available sterile cotton swabs. The samples were cultivated using different agar media. Then, the suspected Salmonella growth from the nutrient agar was subjected to biochemical identification. Later, antibiotic susceptibility assay was performed on the pure Salmonella isolates using Mueller-Hinton (M-H) agar and via the use of Kirby-Bauer (K-B) method. The cultivation and biochemical tests resulted in 7 (53%) for cows, 5 (31%) for sheep, and 5 (55.5%) for goats) pure isolates of Salmonella spp. Antibiotic resistance was varied among the isolates with MAR index of 0.39 for cows, 0.32 for sheep, and 0.24 for goats. Most isolates were resistant to almost all antibiotics, especially streptomycin, ampicillin, kanamycin, and novobiocin. The current findings reveal that fecal samples from cows, sheep, and goats have Salmonella spp with antibiotic resistance traits.

The current study aimed to investigate the possibility of using nano-piperine to reduce the toxic effects of sodium benzoate on the female reproductive system of female rats. Fourty female Wister rats with an average weight of 150 ± 10 g were used, dosed for 30 consecutive days they divided randomly into four equal groups (10 per group). The animals were allowed to acclimatize for 14 days before the experiment . The first group (C) was given 1 ml of distilled water orally as a control group. The second group (T1) was given sodium benzoate orally in a dose of 100 mg\kg B.W. The third group (T2) was given Nano-piperine orally in a dose of 25 mg /kg /B.W. The fourth group (T3) was given both sodium benzoate and Nano-piperine at the same time . After the end of treatments , ovary and uterus samples were removed from all animals and reserved them in formalin 10% for histological examination The result of our study showed follicular inhibition and congestion of ovarian stroma in T1 group when compared with the control group . The structure of ovary in T2 group is similar to that of the control group . In T3 group the structure of the ovary looked almost normal , and increase in follicular growth wave when compared with the T1 group . The result of the uterine sections indicated degeneration and vacuolation of epithelial cells and complete absence of uterine gland ,. and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the endometrium . On the other hand , uterus section in T2 group revealed normal uterus cells without any significant lesion . while the uterine tissue in animals of T3 group showed a hyperplasia in epithelial cells, and proliferation of uterine glands and normal columnar epithelium of uterus. Nano-piperine at dose of 25 mg/kg has the ability to reduce histological changes on the female reproductive system resulting from treatment with sodium benzoate .

The present study was designed to determine the effect of the aqueous extract of powdered Nigella sativa seeds on pre-contracted smooth muscle isolated from the trachea in sheep.Parts of the trachea were taken from freshly slaughtered sheep and were kept viable in Krebs–Henseleit solution at (37 C),then the smooth muscles were isolated from the trachea and proceeded for studying its contraction in physiograph. Aqueous extract of Nigella sativa seeds was prepared and six concentrations of the aqueous extract were used (50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 mg / 10 ml). The smooth muscle was stimulated for contraction with different drugs (acetylcholine or histamine). Next, one milliliter of the prepared six serially increasing concentrations of the Nigella sativa aqueous extract was added separately to pre-contracted isolated tracheal smooth muscle to determine any probable inhibitory effect of the seeds extract. Aqueous extract of Nigella sativa seeds caused relaxation of tracheal smooth muscle pre-contracted with acetylcholine or histamine which may have taken place through stimulation of the non-adrenergic – non-cholinergic system.

Research explains evaluating the efficiency the alcoholic and alkaloid extract of the leaves and fruits of Solanum nigrum and testing its effectiveness against the immature stages of the green bottle fly Lucilia sericata within 24 hours at concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20, 0.0) mg/ml, at a temperature of 30 ± 1 and a relative humidity of 60 ± 5%. The alcoholic extract of the plant's fruits had the highest effect on killing Lucilia sericata eggs in all the concentrations used, where the death rates reached (42.34 - 89.11) % at concentrations 5 and 20 mg/ml, respectively, compared to the control amounting to 9.27 % alkaloid extract, of leaves excelled in recording highest rates killing for green bottle fly eggs with a death rate of (35.58- 68.41) % in concentrations 5 and 20 mg/ml compared with the control of 10.40%. The first larval stage was more sensitive than the other larval stages to all extracts of the leaves and fruits in different used concentration, where the highest rates mortality of third larval stages when 20mg/ml of fruit alcoholic extract compared with the alcoholic extract of the plants leaves. The percentages mortality of the third larval stage with the highest concentration (53.19, 57.11)% for the extract of alcoholic for fruits and leaves respectively as for the extract of alkaloid, we find that the alkaloid extract of the leaves more efficient than the alkaloid extract of the fruits in recording the highest death rates for all larval stages with all the used concentrations, the mortality rates of the third larval stage with the highest concentration were (58.13 - 66.09%) for the alkaloids fruits and leaves respectively.