Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences

With the aim of study tick-borne pathogens and identify some of these microorganisms in the tissues of ticks that affect cows in Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq, we focused on detecting Anaplasma spp as one of these pathogens that are transmitted by these vectors. Here, we collected 150 ticks from 200 affected cows from the mentioned city. The ticks were first identified for morphological-based naming of the genus that they belonged to by sending samples to the Iraqi Natural History Museum, Baghdad, Iraq. Then, the extracted DNA from the ticks was subjected to partial DNA-based sequencing of Anaplasma spp. The results of the morphological study identified the ticks from Hyalomma spp. the sequencing resulted in detecting and confirming the presence of Anaplasma spp in the tissues of the ticks in which 2 isolates were provided. The phylogenetic-based investigation provides 2 isolates of Anaplasma spp, SP1 (MH119129.1) and SP2 (MH119130.1). These isolates were branched up in the phylogenetic tree close to global isolates, KT264188.1, from Thailand. These results give interesting and important information about the dangerousness of ticks via their transmission of these pathogens to healthy animals such as Anaplasma spp.

The study was conducted to investigate the presence of Toxoplasmosis in domestic pigeon via Latex agglutination test (LAT). One hundred of blood samples were collected randomly from different areas in Babylon city during Five months started with July and ending at the latest November 2011. LAT20 was used for this purpose. (20%) out of samples have been taken showed positive results. Distributed throughout study Time in percentage of 18, 22, 20 and 21% during July, August, September, October and November respectively. With no significant difference among them (P>0.05).Observations showed that no pathognomonic clinical signs had appeared on the positive birds. While there was a clear, histopathological changes in infected birds compared with healthy ones. Macroscopic examination revealed congestion in liver and intestine with lymphocytes infiltration in peripheral vessels and hepatocytes necrosis of portal region and portal veins and sinusoid dilation.

Most of the study for the Columba domestica anatomically and histologically. In this study , used five birds of the healthy and sedimentary female were used under standard breeding conditions. The anatomical study included the study of the position and shape of the oviduct and the magnum at the resting stage as well as the study of the length of the total oviduct and the length of the magnum. In the histological study, 10% Formalin Formation and 3 pigments, Harris Hematoxylin-Eosin, Van Geisson, and Periodic Acid Schief (PAS) stains were used to show different histological components and measured the highest of the mucosal fold and thickness of muscularis . In the resting stage, the oviduct appeared resting stage in a convoluted tube whose walls are different from the thicknesses and extend from the ovary to the claoca and located on the left side of the abdominal cavity and are dorsally connected with the ventral surface of the kidneys and the dorsal wall and are lateraly connected with the body of lateral wall, oviduct found suspended to the roof of the abdominal cavity by the dorsal ligament the length of the ovary 14.94 cm length while the total length of the magnum 4.18± 0.09. Histologically, the mucousal folds of the magnum are large and occupy the cavities of the magnum, They appear to carry many secondary and tertiary folds and lined with a pseudostratified ciliated epithelial cells and consist of columnar cell and secretory cell, At the resting stage cannot distinguish the parts of the oviduct , including the most easily and the mucosal layer and lamina properia development is not clear.

Babesiosis is consider as a hemoparasites disease transmitted through bites of infected ticks and is important tick-borne disease. A surveillance was carried out from June 2017 to February 2018 to identified ticks parasitize buffaloes. Hard ticks were 749 collected from different localities throughout AL-Qadisiyah, Babylon and Najaf Governorates for identification and classification. Stereomicroscope was used to identify the ticks based on their morphological features. DNA from 244 different individual tick species was extracted and PCR was performed for detection of Babesia bigemina in ticks parasitize buffaloes using specific primer targeting fragments of B. bigemina gene. 749 ticks of Ixodid species were collected from the buffaloes. Out of 320 studied buffaloes, 110 (34.38 %) were infested by 5 species of ticks. Hyalomma anatolicum was the most prevalent tick species (57.28%) followed by Hyalomma turanicum (17.36%), Hyalomma excavatum (10.95%), Hyalomma scupense(5.07%) and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus (9.35%).An expected 1124 bp fragment of Babesia bigemina was generated in 23/70 (32.86%) of R.(Boophilus) annulatus. The results suggested that B. bigemina could be detected in the DNA extracted from R. (Boophilus) annulatus, confirming earlier reports as an important vector for B. bigemina. We conclude that B. bigemina is present in Ripicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus ticks in this area which detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The present research work was the first attempt to determine the molecular prevalence of B. bigemina infection in ticks, in Iraq by using PCR

This review aimed to highlight on laparoscopic suturing techniques and difficulties of these techniques to the surgeon either the instruments used to release these difficulties. The researches confirm that the laparoscopic surgery were more appropriate when compared with conventional open surgery in veterinary medicine, because early recovery due to smaller surgical sites, earlier healing, lower post-operative illness, reduce postoperative pain, lesser infection rate, and the early return to activity. But need more practice and training to increase this skill. One of the most laparoscopic surgeon challenges are suturing and knot tying, so the solution of this problem was more practice and training either, special suture techniques and devices that have discovered by Surgeons and researches to release these difficulties like Side winding technique, barbed sutures, Mechanical Suturing Devices (Endostitch) device, and Mechanical stapling device. The conclusions of this review, the laparoscopic surgery had more advantage than open surgery with low morbidity to the patient. Same suture material and pattern were used in traditional and laparoscopic surgery

This research was carried out to investigate the effect of using different salt concentrations on the chemical & physical composition of fish meat, to Find out how salting effects on the chemical composition of fish meat and to Comparison between salts concentrations in the effect on the chemical composition of fish meat. Three different salt concentrations were used (10%,20%and 30%), Samples of carp fish that were brought from the markets of AL-Qadisyah city, After treatment with the three salts concentrations, the samples were taken randomly after 7 days of treatment for the purpose of chemical & physical analysis, The results of chemical & physical analysis of fish meat showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the value of pH, as well as decrease in protein, fat and moisture ratio Compared to non-treated with salt (fresh fish) This is due to the salting process, which causes escape the water from tissues and changes in the osmosis and the formation of fats and proteins in genera

In the current review, the focus will be applied to the mechanism of actions that are related to some anthelmintic medicines used for the treatment of gastrointestinal parasites of camels. This interesting subject is appealing because the importance of the host itself, camel, in providing relevant-region people in the world with milk, meat, and sometimes performance activities via camel races especially such races that are held in Arab Gulf region. The other aspect is that the huge economic and health losses that are generated by these infestation to camels. According to a study from Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq, 86.36% of the tested camels were infested with different genera of GIT parasites such as Fasciola spp, Eimeria spp, Cryptosporidium spp, Nematodirus spp, Trichostrongylus spp, Moneizia spp, and Trichuris spp. In principle, some anthelmintic medicines generate undesired effects on the nematode-neuromuscular system. Some agents, such as benzimidazoles, bind to the -tubulin in the parasite leading to microtubule-polymerization deactivation and finally death of the parasitic cells.

To evaluate the protective role of silymarin in ameliorating the nephrotoxicity induced by cyclosporine in male rats, 120 adult male rats were randomly allocated to control and three treated groups (30 per each). Control group male rats were orally supplemented with drinking water, while treatment group male rats were orally supplemented with silymarin (200 mg/kg bw), cyclosporine (5mg/kg/day) and combination of cyclosporine and silymarin. Animals were treated for 30 days and left without treatment for 15 days. Each group were allocated to three subgroups (10 per each), and sacrificed after 15, 30 and 45 days of the experiment. After each treatment period, the relative kidney weights were recorded. Blood samples were obtained for assessment of serum concentrations of creatinine and urea nitrogen. Kidney samples were obtained for histopathological examination. The results of cyclosporine treated group male rats revealed significant increase in kidney weight and the concentrations of serum creatinine and urea nitrogen among experimental groups, at all experimental periods, whereas combination treatment of silymarin and cyclosporine retained them to the control levels. Kidney tissue sections from cyclosporine treated male rats showed obvious atrophy and low cellularity of glomeruli, necrosis of Bowman capsule, dilation of renal convoluted tubules and necrosis of its lining, whereas combination of silymarin and cyclosporine treatment showed normal glomeruli, mild degeneration Bowman capsule and renal convoluted tubules lining. The present changes were duration dependent. In conclusion, silymarin treatment in combination with cyclosporine has nephrotoxic ameliorating effect against nephrotoxicity

Aim of current study was to demonstrate the reproductive efficiency of female rabbits treated experimentally with Ricinus communis. 32, local breed rabbits, weighing 1- 2 kg, of 1-2 years old, 16 rabbits of either sex. 8 rabbits of either sex were treated with Ricinus extract, 50 mg /kg b. wt. PO, daily for 14 days. The remaining rabbits were left without treatment. In day 14th post treatment, one female was cross to one male in separated cages, as follow: rabbits of the 1st group represented treated females, crossed with treated males. Rabbits of 2nd group represented none treated females, crossed with none treated males Those of 3rd group represented treated females, crossed with none treated males. And those of 4th group represented none treated female crossed with treated males. The mixing continued for 1 week. After crossing with the males, all females were examined by sonar weekly for pregnancy, for 4 weeks. 8 females, 2 from each group, were subjected to euthanasia using chloroform - soaked cotton at day 28 post crossing; each rabbit was lapratomized, and the uterine horns incised, the number of implantation sites was recorded. The remaining females remained, till normal birth and the number of babies delivered by each rabbit were recorded. Body weight significantly increased in both treated and none treated female. Body temperature significantly increased in treated females. Respiratory and heart rates none significantly increased in both treated and none treated females. Bleeding time decreased significantly in treated females. Clotting time not significant changed. Total erythrocytes count and hemoglobin concentration, Packed Cell Volumes (PCV%), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Total leucocytes count not significant changed. Monocytes (M%), Basophils (B%) not significant changed. Eosinophils (E%), Heterophils (H%) significantly decreased in treated females. Lymphocytes (L%) increased significantly in treated females. The results revealed significant decreases in percentage of fertility in females treated with Ricinus extract. As females treated with ricin and crossed with males treated with ricin were none pregnant (0%). The effect of treatment with Ricinus extract for 14 days, on reproductive efficiency of rabbits, did not affect the length of pregnancy, as the period remain 30-32 days. There was significant decrease in fetus numbers in female treated with Ricinus, and those crossed with treated male in comparison with those of none treated female and male.

The current work was performed to study the infections induced by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) in broiler farms in Al-Diwaniyah province, Iraq, using molecular and phylogenetic-based methods. For these purposes, 200 omphalitis, air sacculitis, kidney, liver, and gastrointestinal (GIT)-based samples were collected using cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs. These samples were exposed to traditional microbiological processing methods including cultivation and biochemical methods. Polymerase chain reaction-based identification was induced targeting the 16S rRNA gene. The results showed the amplification of this gene in all samples. The phylogenetic study detected 5 local isolates that were close in their identities to isolates from Egypt, Ecuador, and Nigeria. The current study provides important information about the status of E. coli infection in poultry in addition to the evolutional status of the local isolates of this microbe.

This experiment was designed to evaluatethe thyroid gland activity (hyperthyroidism and/or hypothyroidism) on some blood parameters in broilers. Thirty, oneday old broiler chicks were divided randomly into three equal groups. First group (G1) was control, second group (G2) Thyroxine was added to the drinking water (1 mg/L; 4 wks) serves as hyperthyroidism chicks and third group (G3) carbimazole was added to the drinking water (0.1 % ; 4wks) serves as hypothyroidism chicks. The blood samples were collected from overnight fasting birds at 15 and 30 day of experiment for the determination of serum glucose, total cholesterol (TC), total protein, albumin, and insulin concentration. At the end of experiment birds in all groups administered glucose 2g/kg/B.W. to evaluated glucose tolerance test, after 30, 60 and 90 mintfrom the glucose load, a blood sample was collected to determine serum glucose and insulin concentration. The results revealed that a significant increase in serum glucose and cholesterol concentration was observed in G3 as compared to the G1 and G2groupsat day 15 and 30 of experiment,at that timea significant decreasedwas showed in G2 group at day 30 of experiment as compared with G1 and G3 groups. A sharp descending of insulin line was showed after 90 minute in G1 group as compared with G2 and G3 groups in glucose tolerance test. In conclusions, that the effect of thyroxine and carbimazole administration to induced hyperthyroidismand hyporthyroidismrespectively caused hypoglycemia and hypolipidemic effects,and the modulations in body components according to thyroid gland condition are at least partly interposed by modulation in the control of glucose via insulin hormones in broilers

Rotavirus illness is associated with significant rate of morbidity and is a common cause of hospitalization worldwide. This study was performed to evaluate the role of rotavirus in children presenting with acute diarrhea in maternity and pediatrics hospital in Al-Diwaniyah
during the period from March 2007 to February 2008. Stool specimens from 600 children (between 2 months and 5 years of age), 380 were males and 220 were females, suffering from diarrhea were tested for the antibodies against rotavirus by use of latex agglutination card test. The antibodies of rotavirus were detected in 240 (40%) of stool samples that 150 (62.5%) in males and 90 (37.5%) in females. The affected age of 210 patients (87.5%) were in 5 months to 5 years whereas 30 patients (12.5%) were below 5 months. According to the living areas, 140 patients (58.33%) were from urban areas while 100 patients (41.67%) were from rural areas. According to the type of feed, 136 patients (56.67%) were artificially fed, 36 patients (15%) were breastfed and 68 patients (28.33%) were of mixed feeding. It can be concluded that rotavirus infection was significantly less frequent in breast-fed than among bottle-fed babies.

The study was designed to record the prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection within sheep in Iraq. A total of 297 blood samples were collected from sheep in three provinces: Babylon, Misan and Wasit. Diagnosis of infection was done on the basis of examination of stained smear. Which was prepared and examined microscopically of blood stained smear for the presence of morulae, and revealed 8/297 (2.69%) as the total infection rate. Vital clinical examination revealed non-significant differences between temperature, pulsation and the respiratory rates of infected sheep; other significant clinical signs were emaciation at 5/8 (62.50%) and pale mucous membrane at 3/8 (37.50%). The haematological diagram displayed significant differences in infected sheep compared to non-infected sheep in some haematological parameters. The platelet count, lymphocytes and neutrophil were significantly decreased (P˂0.05), while total white blood cell count, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils were decreased non-significantly. The results obtained are the first blood smear diagnosis of A. phagocytophilum infection within sheep in Iraq.

In the current investigation, the antioxidant action of lycopene was examined experimentally through deference en route for its protecting properties in contrast to the effect of monosodium glutamate which prompted oxidative stress happening in rats. Sixty of male rats divided randomly in to six groups (ten in each) were use in my study. G1 represented control, in which administered normal saline. G2 was given MSG (20 mg/kg) for 30 days, by orally administration. The third group received MSG (20 mg/kg, 15days) also orally administration followed with treatment by lycopene (200mg/kg) for another 15 days. G4 administrated in cooperation lycopene (200 mg/kg) for 15 days, also by orally administration followed treatment by MSG(20mg/kg)for another fifteen days. Rats in the fifth group received MSG (20 mg/kg) and lycopene(100mg/kg) also orally administration for thirty days. While the six group the rats received MSG (20 mg/kg ) and lycopene (200 mg/kg) also orally administration for thirty days. The animals were mastered the body weight then euthanized after 30 days. The whole blood was collecting in order to determine the hematological levels as well as some of the serum hormone as well as ACTH, Cortisol, TSH,T3 and T4. The data showed that the body weight gain reduce in G4 and G5, while, RBCs parameters most of them showed increase in all co-treated groups, the result of ACTH all treated groups showed a significant increase (p<0.05) as compared with the control, cortisol level in all treated group had a significant decrease (p<0.05) as compared with the control. While, TSH level had not any significant differences. But, the result of T3 level had showed a significant decrease(p<0.05) as compared with the control, while, T4 level was an increase only in MSG group. We found that treatment with lycopene reduced some of the harmful effects of MSG in rats and oxidative stress.

In order to determine the influence of propolis extracts when comparative with antibiotic on Klebsiella pneumonia infection as forty five of white rats, both sexes were randomly divided into three groups of (15) rats each group and were treated as following: 1st groups (n=15 ) group was inoculated with 1X108 CFU of viable virulent K. pneumoniae, I/P and at 24 hour post-treatment, this group was treated with propolis extraction (100 mg/kg B.W) 1cc / orally /daily, 2nd group (N=15) was inoculated with K. pneumoniae as in 1st group but at day 24 hour post-infection, it was treatment with amoxicillin (100 mg/Kg , B.W), 3ed group(n=15) was inoculated I/P with 1X108 CFU of viable virulent K. pneumoniae and served as control group. Tthe serum levels of TNF a, IL 10 by ELAS Assay in addition to Histopathological examination, result from our study showed elevation TNFa and IL 10 in the first group, Severe pathological lesions were seen in examined organs of control group but these lesions are mild or few in animal treatment with propolis extraction, The main lesions in examined organs of these animals are suppurative inflammation, small granuloma. We conclude that animal treatment with propolis extraction better than antibiotic treatment and control group .

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of subclinical mastitis on biochemical, hematological and minerals profile in local cows. For this reason, 91 cows milk and blood samples were collected from sub-clinically infected cattle, were aged from 3-7 years in Basra/Iraq(between January 2015 to July 2015). All the cows selected in this study were healthy without any clinical signs. The result of present study revealed that there is change in physical properties of subclinical mastitis milk such as color, odor, turbidity, consistency and increase in the pH of milk, ranged from 7.07± 0.02 to 7.9 ± 0.02. The study showed a significant increase of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 217.4 ± 1.8 l/l, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 136.0 ± 0.2 mmol/l, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 120.5± 0.9 mmol/l) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 816. 0 ± 3.4.and increase the zinc level compared with control 1.26± 0.03. Also there was decrease in monocyte count 3.52 ± 0.3 and 5.9 ± 0.1 from control 11.4 ± 0.3,the basophile count reveal there was slight increase in stage 1 of subclinical mastitis 2.99 ± and stage 2 retained to normal 1.2 ±0.05. The present concluded that cows were causes change in physical properties of subclinical mastitis milk, changes in the biochemical, minerals and leukocyte count.

Newcastle disease is one of the most common maladies that affect avian species and cause serious problems. The study was conducted to investigate the intracellular molecular interactions of paramyxovirus genome which take part in pathogenicity and create serious problems which affect poultry industry in particular chicken (broilers and layers). Also to know the main published ligands that attached to the receptors responsible for the Newcastle disease virus.

The study was carried out on twenty-four Friesian calves aged 4-5 months of weights 115-125 kg. The study aimed to knowing the Effect of magnetically treated water in some blood parameter and the influence of these changes on animal health, quality and quantity of produced meat. In the experiment the calves were distributed into two groups: /8/ ones in each. All these animals were feeding with same feedstuff and the calves in the first group were watered with normal water (As control group), while the calves in the second group were watered with extremely magnetically treated water /1000/ Gauss. The experiment continued for six months and the calves were weighed once a month and blood samples were analyzed from all animals in the experiment. The results showed a significant increase (P< 0.05) in the count of red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit and an increase in the count of white blood cells (P< 0.05) in the second group. The results have shown a decrease in the level of cholesterol and Triglyceride and the level of weight gain of calves in the second group overweighed on average /131/ g daily. Besides, the results refer to improvement in the physiological and healthy conditions of the animals and production of higher amounts of meat as well as producing more healthy meat with lower content in cholesterol and Triglyceride.

Present study were carried out on twenty adult local sheep. The results were showed that the uterus of adult sheep are bicornate, it consist of equivalent and convex uterine horns attached with relatively long uterine body, horns coiled ventrally on themselves. the statistical analysis results revealed a significant differences at (P0.05) between each of the length and diameter of the left and right horns and body, the right horn was significantly (p< 0.05) longer (5.7±0.6) than the left horn (5.03±0.85). Respectively the diameter of the right uterine horn (0.71±0.180) was wider(P>0.05) than the diameter of the left uterine horn (.61±0.075). The length of the uterine body was (2.62 0.3) with a diameter of 1.410.25. The uterine wall of body and horns of an adult sheep is formed by three layers: the inner endometrium (mucosa ), middle myometrium, and the outer layer is perimetrium (serosa). The epithelium of the endometrium may stratified or pseudostratified. Simple, branched uterine (endometrial) glands extend into the lamina propria , interglandular lamina propria and basal lamina. The myometrium is divisible into a thick, inner circular layer and a thin, outer longitudinal layer. A richly vascularized (inter vascular connective tissue) and coiled artery usually separates the muscle layers. The histochemical stains (PAS &Masson) gave negative results to uterus

A total of 523 fecal samples of sheep were collected randomly during 1 year of study period and submitted to the laboratory tests in Thi-Qar veterinary hospital from various districts. Those samples were examined for the confirmation of endoparasitic infection. Our study aims to investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites and identify their species in sheep of Thi-Qar province in Iraq. The period of study was involved the four seasons of the year. Autumn, Spring, winter and summer. Faecal samples examined for helminths ova by direct microscopic examination, using light microscope, sedimentation and floatation techniques. Identification was made on the basis of morphology and size of ova. The present study revealed that 227(42.25%) of samples infected by gastrointestinal parasites from total(523), Among submitted samples there were 154 (67.84%) sample infected with single parasite and 73(31.27%) sample were infected with more than one parasite. The gastro intestinal parasites observed in our study includes; Fasciola.spp. 52(22.46%), Moneizia spp. 43(18.94%), Ascaris 42(18.06%), Ostertagia 28(12.33%), Strongylus 24(10.57%), Nematodirus 19(8.37%), Toxocara 16(7.04%),and Paramphistpmum 3(1.32%) in sheep. The seasonal occurrence of parasitic infestation in sheep depicted higher infection of GIT parasites in Autumn(60.19%), spring(59.39%) followed by winter(50.46%) and summer(24%). from this study we concluded that the prevalence of GIT parasite infection is high in Thi-Qar province