Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences

This study has been carried out in a private farm in Diwaniya city throughout the period which starting from 1/10/2012to 18/11/2012 by using 180 chicks of Ross breed,
divided into six treatments randomly, each treatment contains to 30 birds with three replicates (each one contains 10 birds, study the effect of magnetic water with two intensities ( 1500 and, 750 Gausses )and with two flows (500 and 1000) L\h on physiological traits (Hb, PCV, RBC, WBC, total protein, total albumin, total globulin, GOT and GPT). The treatments have divided as following :First treatment (T1) given tap water and as has been considered as control treatment. Second treatment (T2) given well water. Third treatment (T3) given magnetic – treated water with 1500 Gauss and flow 500 L\H. Fourth treatment (T4) given magnetic – treated water with 1500Gauss and flow 1000 L\H. Fifth treatment (T5) given magnetic – treated water with 750 Gauss and flow 500 L\H. Sixth treatment (T6) given magnetic – treated water with750 Gauss and flow 1000 L\H. The result of current study can be summarized as follows :There is significant(P < 0.05) increase in physiological traits (RBC, WBC,HB, P.C.V, total protein and total albumin ) for the third treatment over all treatments, whereas, the third treatment inquired significant (P < 0.05) decrease in globulin GOT and GPT compared with other treatments, and are 1.366 gm.\100 ml plasma, 18.666 and 18.666 I.U.\ L plasma respectively .

The study aim to investigate the infection with the locality isolates H9N2 avian influenza virus in human by using haemagglutination inhibition test, complement fixation test and ELISA test locally prepared kits. Antibodies of avian influenza virus (H9N2) are diagnosed in the sera of persons working and dealing with infected chickens’ flock from which the H9N2 virus was isolate. This 5 sera samples were given positive result in HI test in a titer rate of (275.6) (inhibitor antibodies of heamagluttination), in amount range of (32- 512). The ELISA and the Complement fixation tests were used to detect the avian influenza virus (H9N2) antibodies in the sera of working persons. In addition the anti-avian influenza virus antibodies were detected in (40) Sera samples of peoples were living in direct contact with the chickens and other birds. The sera samples were tested by ELISA, CF and HI tests, and the results showed that the highest percentage (85 %.) of positive sera was in ELISA test

This experiment includes 20 local ewes aged between 2 to 5 years. The aim of this study was to determine the growth pattern of sheep embryo by observing some embryonic organs by using real- time ultrasonography5-7MHz, these organs include heart, allantois, limb bad, intestinal disc, rumen, brain, aortic arch, lung, vertebrate, ribs and liver. And measurement of embryonic vesicle diameter, crown ramp, amniotic vesicle diameter, transthorasic, transabdominal, cotyledon high and width, head length and bi parietal bone. Results showed that there is high correlation (0.931-0.977) between these measurement and gestational age, early pregnancy diagnosis can be detected by observing embryonic vesicle at 14 days after

The aim of this study was to isolate the bacteria from different types of ornamental birds which included: 20 (Agapornis pullarius), 12 (Pycnonotus goiavier), 20 (Fringilla coelebs) and 16 (Serinus canaria).The specimens were taken from feathers, intestine, blood, and drink water in Al-Diwaniyah province. The result showed that the salmonella was isolated from all types of the ornamental birds and from all specimens, while Brucella abortus was the less isolated bacteria from all specimens especially the blood specimens. The most isolated bacteria were from love birds and finches which refer to important role of ornamental birds in zoonotic disease.

The purpose of this research is to study the reactions resulting from the vaccinations program of broilers by the live attenuated and killed Newcastle disease vaccine where they were taking two broiler chicken halls in Mosul city that different in their Newcastle disease vaccine program. The first hall in Qayyarah place, the number of chicks breeding are 2400 chicks of Rose sweat, which was use the live attenuated vaccine against Newcastle disease twice first time in age of 7 days and the second time at age of 18 days by drinking water, while the second hall was in the area of Talafar, the number of chicks breeding are 2500 chicks of Rose sweat and which was use the killed vaccine in 3 days old by subcutaneous injection and live attenuated vaccine by drinking water in age 10 days.The level of antibodies formed after each vaccination are estimated by heamagglutination inhibition test. The blood samples were collected from the first hall in aged 10 and 21 days while the second hall has been collecting blood samples in aged 13 and 15 days. Blood was collected by slaughter route from five chicks in each time to making the test. Organ samples (Spleen, Bursa of Fabricia and Thymus) were collected during slaughtering chicks in the same ages. The results of heamagglutination inhibition test showed significant difference between the two vaccinationprograms where the correlation coefficient R2 of the first program are 0.157 and adjusted R2 0.052 at the level of probability (P <0.05) The second program was the correlation coefficient R2 0.006 and adjusted R2 0.049 at the level of probability (P <0.05), where that the vaccination program of the first hall are better than the vaccination program of second hall. The histopathological study of samples which taken from first hall in the spleen showed presence of congestion of blood vessels in the red pulp with the presence of edema , in bursa of Fabricia presence hemorrhage in the pulp for some follicles also noted an increase in lymphocytes in the pulp as well as edema between the lobes at age (21) days, in Thymus observed changes at age (21) days was the presence of bleeding inside the pulp, while the second hall was observed in the Spleen and Bursa of Fabricia just did not show any changes in the Thymus and the changes showed after second vaccination, the spleen was observed at (15) days increased lymphocytes in the white pulp and in Bursa of Fabricia are observed at age (15) days show bleeding between the lobes and inside the pulp with the depletion of lymphocytes in the pulp. We conclude from this study that given the live attenuated vaccine for Newcastle disease to broiler chicken at the beginning of breeding is better than giving the killed vaccine so where lead to rise the level of immunity of the chicks against the Newcastle disease, as well as the use of two type of Newcastle disease vaccine (live attenuated and killed) leads to occurrence the histological changes in the lymphoid organs (Spleen and Bursa of Fabricia and Thymus).

The study was conducted on 15 local Iraqi goats, presented in the farm of college veterinary medicine, Al-anbar university during the period from 4 March ,2013 to 4 April ,2013.The age of animals ranged between 3 – 4 years old. The animals were divided into 3 groups . The 1st group was injected 10 mg I/m PGF2α . The 2nd group were injected 2 mg I/M estradiol Benzoate, The 3rd group were injected 2ml physiological saline. The animal were put under observation within 72 hr. for detection of estrus. The doe showed estrus inseminated with fertile buck. The result showed that the animals showed estrus was 80% (4/5) in PGF2α treated group, While it was 40% (2/5) in estradiol treated group , it was zero in control group. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) between different group. In consideration the method of detection of corpus luteum and follicle , the laparotomy showed accuracy of (100%) as compared with ultrasonography( 50% ).It was concluded from the study that PGF2α was the best drug for induction of estrus in non- breeding season in Iraqi goats. Laparotomy was the best method for detection of ovarian structures.

This study has been conducted to propagate Newcastle Disease virus, strain AG68 in (9-11) day old chicken's embryonated eggs . Five passages have been runned to obtain different titers three of them (EID50\ ml 109.1, EID50\ ml 109.5, EID50\ ml 109.9) titers were used to produce three killed different vaccine doses used in this study. The EID50\ ml 109.5 has been diluted to give different dosage attenuated vaccine .Two hundreds and ten birds were divided to seven groups each 30 chicks each. First three groups were vaccinated with different doses subcutaneously with the oil adjuvant vaccine while the other three groups were vaccinated via eye drop at one day old, the seventh group was left as control. All first six groups were vaccinated with AG68 strain by spray on 12th day .Indirect enzyme linked immunosobent assay (ELISA) technique was used to estimate the immune titer at (1st, 14th, 28 th) day and with challenge test at (28) day , in ELISA test in all groups there were significant differences (p < 0.05) between 14th and 28th day . ELISA test at day 14 in groups vaccinated with attenuated vaccine through eye drop at the first day showed high antibody level. At 28th day, groups vaccinated with oil inactivated vaccine have shown higher anti body titers thanthose vaccinated with attenuated vaccine , all six groups have shown higher antibody titer than control . All vaccinated groups have shown 100% protection against challenge test indicating the protective efficacy of AG68 strain and the two types of vaccine prepared (killed and attenuated) through eye drop , spray , and injection, while the protection percentage in group seven was 20% . As a conclusion, the best killed vaccine dose was EID50\ ml 109.5 from economical point of view, this dose shows no significant difference with high dose EID50\ ml 1010 through ELISA, also protection percentage through challenge test was the same 8 The EID50\ ml 107 is The best of attenuated vaccine doses, although it showed lower significant difference to the high dose EID50\ ml 108 through ELISA test, but it shows no clinical signs of Newcastle disease and has the same protection percentage in challenge test .

The present study carried out to assess different vaccination programs against Newcastle disease to know the best program which provides bold protection against Newcastle disease. The present study designed to contain four groups of broiler chicks (type Hubbard), and vaccination programs done as following:T1 vaccinated at day old by spraying method with live vaccine type (B1), then vaccinated at 10, 20, and 30 days old with live vaccine type (Lasota) by drinking water method. T2 vaccinated at day old by spraying method with live vaccine type (B1), then vaccinated with killed vaccine at five days old by injecting subcutaneously at neck region.T3 vaccinated at day old by spraying with live vaccine type (B1), then vaccinated at 7, and 18 days old with live vaccine type (Lasota) by drinking water method. T4vaccinated at 7, 18, and 35 days old with live vaccine type (Lasota) by drinking water method. Maternal immunity assessed at 2 days old then Immune response assessed in 14, 24, 34, and 44 days old by heamaglutination inhibition test (HI) test and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and daily body weight recorded. The results of immune response tests revealed there is non-significance between experimental groups at 1, 14 days old (P≤0.05), while there is highly significance in antibody level between T2 and other groups at 24 days old (P≤0.05). In the 34th days old there is significance between T2 and T3 only while there is insignificance between other groups (P≤0.05). In 44th days old there is high level of antibody in T2 which is significant in compare with other experimental groups (P≤0.05).The present study provided the evidence of efficacy of the program that used killed vaccine which preceded with live vaccine by spraying method and followed by live vaccine by drinking water method in compare with other famous usable programs, and this efficacy represented in the levels of immune response and body weight, the present study also showed that increasing of vaccination numbers considered stress factor as well as it provide solid immunity against Newcastle disease.

Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria isolated from hospitalized patients by the agar well diffusion method. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Bacillus Subtillus, Proteus spp. Salmonella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were used. The results indicate that both extracts showed different antibacterial activities which was in favor of ethanolic extract because of more solubility of active ingredient in ethanol than in water. Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus Subtillus and Salmonella spp. showed the highest susceptibility to nettle extracts antibacterial effect, while E coli, Pseudomonas and Proteus were less susceptible. The only clear resistant bacteria isolate was Klebsiella spp.

The study was conducted on sixteen streptozotocin induced diabetic rats to investigate whether the topical application of Aloe Vera gel and alcoholic Aloe Vera leaf extract could improve the wound healing in diabetic rats. The rats were weight, matched, and placed in to four groups 4 rats of each group. Full thickness circular skin wound (2cm in diameter) was experimentally created dorsal to the neck area of each rat. Animals in group (1) left without dressing as a control group. Animals in group (2 and 3) were treated topically with Aloe Vera gel (100%) and alcoholic Aloe Vera leaf extracts (100%) respectively, while the animals of group (4) were treated with povidone iodine (4%). Treated groups were dresses twice daily for 14 successive days. The treated wound in groups 2, and 3 were significantly healed faster in comparison to the wound of control group. The effect produced by the Aloe Vera with reference to the wound contraction, wound closure, decreased in surfaces area of wound, and tissue regeneration at the wound site. Histologically wounds treated with Aloe Vera show increase in macrophages, fibroblast migration, collagen regeneration and epithelialization compared with the control group. The wet, dry granulation tissue weight, and hydroxyproline content increased significantly when compared to control. Aloe Vera was seen exhibited antimicrobial activity against some pathogenic microorganism. In conclusion Aloe Vera have strong wound healing property and effective as topical preparation and formulated as fairly economical therapeutic agent for wound management.

In order to investigate toxopathological and immunotoxic, effects of thiamethoxam in mice. Forty eight white mice, both sexes were divided into four groups equally, 1st group was immunized twicely with Brucella melitensis Rev1.with two weeks intervals. 2nd group was immunized as in the 1st group and at same time administrated orally with 83.73mg\kg B.W of thiamethoxam daily for 6 weeks.3rd group was administrated with thiamethoxam as in the 2nd group while the 4th group was served as control negative group. Immunological examination DTH and humoral immunity revealed that the thiamethoxam induced depressed in both arms of immune response as comparing with vaccinated non-treatment animals. The pathological examination revealed that the thiamethoxam induced, necrosis, hypertrophy of hepatocytes with multiple granulomatous lesion scatter in liver parenchyma and these lesions were progressive with period time particularly at 6 weeks post-treatment that showed marked proliferation of hepatocytes. The electron microscope examination to liver section showed lipid droplet, proliferation of mitochondria enlargement in addition to distraction of nuclear membrane and presence facular space, also there was severe hemorrhage in the renal interstitial tissue with inflammatory cells infiltration together with fibrosis of the glomeruli wall. Congestion with inflammatory cells infiltration in the red pulp of spleen, in addition to gliosis in the brain parenchyma was seen .The immunized animals showed mild pathological changes characterized by aggregation of mononuclear cells, The electron microscope to liver section showed normal organelles cell. with lymphoid hyperplasia in the spleen and in subepithelial layer of intestinal mucosa. We concluded that thiamethoxam induced toxopathological changes in the internal organs of mice and stimulated the immune response diminished its toxic effects.

The study was conducted to detect Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) in commercial chicken farms of Middle Euphrates, the technique have been used throughout the study protocol, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Real Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and histopathological study. (172) serum samples were collected from clinically infected vaccinated broiler farm and (29) serum samples were collected from clinically infected non-vaccinated broiler farm, and screened for the presence of IBV antibodies by ELISA.75serum samples from 172 samples were positive ,(43.6%) distributed as followed 43 (61.4%) from Hella, 23 (36.5%) from Najaf and 9 (23.07%) from Diwaneyah ,29 serum samples collected from clinically infected non-vaccinated broiler flocks, were 5 (17.2%) serum positive samples for IBV. (75) tissue samples from clinically infected vaccinated broilers distributed were submitted for rRT-PCR technique, the results were as followed42 (56%) have been detected IBV, while 30 (71.4%) was positive in ELISA, and (15) samples from clinically infected non-vaccinated broilers showed 8 (53.3%) IBV were detectable while 5 (62.5%) was positive in ELISA. Also the research include study the histopathological changes of trachea, lung and kidney of infected birds which were positive for rRT-PCR.

The study aimed to evaluate the galactogogues effect of Silymarin in pregnant and lactating female rats. A total of 72 pregnant female Wistar rats randomly divided into 3 groups (24 rats of each). Rats in first group used as control, received drinking water daily for 14 days from 8th day of gestation till the delivery, while the animals in second group, received Metoclopramide (5mg\kg\day) as the same period. In addition to Silymarin group (treatment group) received Silymarin (200 mg\kg\day) as the same period. Dams’ body weights have been monitored throughout the pregnancy. At the first day of parturition, litter weights have been measured, and (8) animals of each groups were sacrificed, blood sample were collected to measure the serum prolactin level. In addition, the litters were allocated in to (8) litters per lactated dam. Then each group sub divided in to two sub groups A and B according to continue or discontinue of received drugs, for 11days from parturition. Silymarin in a dose (200mg\kg) was significantly increase litters body weight and serum prolactin level in pregnant female rat (p< 0.05) in compared with control and Metoclopramide groups. Silymarin and Metoclopramide during the eleventh day of lactation registered significant differences (P<0.05) in their serum prolactin concentration, litters weight gain compared with that stopped in receiving the treatment in the same group, whereas control subgroups revealed no significant (P>0.05) differences when compared with each other. It can be concluded that Silymarin has potential glactogoguse effect and enhance milk production